Psychology Of Prejudice Research Articles

Attributions for Atheism: Perceptions that Atheism is a Choice are Associated with Prejudice against Atheists among Christians, but Not Jews or Nonbelievers

ABSTRACT Is believing that atheism is a choice related to prejudice against atheists? The present research draws on attributional models of prejudice to examine the relationship between perceptions that atheism is a choice and anti-atheist prejudice among Christians, Jews, and nonbelievers. We hypothesized that Christians would be more likely than Jews (Sample 1 and 3) and nonbelievers (Samples 1, 2, and 3) to believe atheism is a choice. Further, we hypothesized that the relationship between perceptions of choice and anti-atheist prejudice would be stronger among Christians than Jews and nonbelievers. In three samples of college students and U.S. adults (N = 859), Christians were more likely than others to believe atheism is a choice and perceptions of choice uniquely predicted Christians’ prejudice toward atheists. By examining perceptions of choice, our research reveals a novel source of anti-atheist prejudice, but a source with deep roots in the psychology of prejudice.

Fiona Kate Barlow and Chris G. Sibley (eds.): The Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Prejudice (Concise Student Edition)

The paper presents a review of The Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Prejudice. The book has been edited by Fiona Kate Barlow and Chris G. Sibley published by Cambridge University Press in 2018. The first edition of the book came in 2017. The present is a concise student edition that serves as an effective resource for the holistic understanding of the scientific study of prejudice from various theoretical and implicational frame of understanding.

Animals Australia and the Challenges of Vegan Stereotyping

Animals Australia and the Challenges of Vegan Stereotyping

Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination

Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination

The ‘Complex Human Problem’ that is Prejudice: A Review of the Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Prejudice

The ‘Complex Human Problem’ that is Prejudice: A Review of the Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Prejudice

The Operatic Voice of Leoni the Jew: Between the Synagogue and the Theater in Late Georgian Britain

AbstractMichael Leoni, a leading singer in late eighteenth-century London, became famous for his role in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's anti-Jewish operaThe Duenna. He was discovered, however, at the Jewish synagogue, where his singing enthralled non-Jews in the early 1770s. Tracing Leoni's public reception, this article argues that the performative effect of his singing had a multifaceted relation to his audience's psychology of prejudice, serving to both reiterate and reconfigure a variety of preconceptions regarding the Jews. Leoni's intervention through operatic singing was particularly significant––a powerful, bodily manifestation that was capable of transforming listeners while exhibiting the deep acculturation of the singer himself. The ambivalence triggered by his performances would go on to define the public reception of other Jewish singers, particularly that of Leoni's protégé, John Braham, Britain's leading tenor in the early nineteenth century. Ultimately, the experience of these Jews' performances could not be easily deconstructed, as the Jewish performers' voices were emanating from within written, sometimes canonical, musical works. This representational impasse gave rise to a public discourse intent on deciphering their Jewishness, raising questions of interpretation, intention, and confession.

Interreligious education in the context of Social Psychology research on attitudes and prejudice

Since the mid-1990s, interreligious education has become an integral component of thereligious education debate. Regardless of the affective level that interreligious education seeksto provide, the desired changes in attitude and prejudice require one to take into account adiversity of research on attitude and prejudice. Accordingly, the goal of the present article is toencourage the adoption of psychological theories of prejudice with a view to the prospectsthey offer to interreligious education. However, because the field of psychological prejudiceresearch is complex, we will only be discussing those theories that, firstly, reflect the presentstate of prejudice psychology and, secondly, are of particular relevance to interreligiouseducation; these are cognitive theories (accentuation theory, illusory correlation theory,attribution theory), the social identity theory, and social learning theory. Emanating from thisreview, the article will go on to reflect different strategies of attitude change for interreligiouslearning.

Review of The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action.

Review of The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action.

Why are people of colour at a higher risk of falsely confessing? Answers from the psychology of prejudice?

Almost three in four wrongful conviction cases concern defendants of colour – a statistic which seems to be partly explained by the greater number of false confessions cases in this group. Among them, there are five adolescents who spent many years in prison after falsely confessing to a brutal rape in New York’s Central Park. Why were they and why are other people of colour at a higher risk of falsely confessing? To answer this question, I discuss approaches from the psychology of prejudice and their possible relationship to false confessions. Can stereotypes about Black men as criminals increase the pressure on suspects of colour in police interrogation? Do stereotypes make suspects of colour appear more nervous in interrogation? Do White police officers tend to assume the guilt of suspects of another race? Based on evidence from psychological studies, I evaluate in how far each of these approaches explains the overrepresentation of people of colour in false confession cases.

Outgroup Prejudice among Secondary Pupils in Northern England: Are the Predictors at the Individual, School or Neighbourhood Level?

This study examines the Outgroup Prejudice Index (see Research in Education, 83, 2010) to see what factors best predict levels of outgroup prejudice among adolescents living in northern England. A sample of 2,502 eleven- to sixteen-year-old secondary school pupils completed a questionnaire that included measures of outgroup prejudice, religiosity and outgroup contact. The six new findings implied by the results suggest that outgroup prejudice is predicted by somewhat different factors among White pupils in the region than among Muslims. First, girls are less prejudiced than boys. There was strong evidence for this for both Whites and Muslims. Second, having friends of a different race reduces prejudice. There was strong evidence for this also for both Whites and Muslims. Third, mid-teens are more prejudiced than other adolescents. Prejudice peaked among mid-teens for Whites, but not Muslims. Fourth, Christian affiliation is associated with increased prejudice, although greater religious salience reduces prejudice. Fifth, home neighbourhood has some slight effect on Muslim pupils’ prejudice but it is not very strong. Sixth, school effects are only evident for White pupils. School neighbourhood has rather little effect. Building on previous research, the present study has added new knowledge by succeeding in measuring outgroup prejudice among secular, Christian and Muslim young people within the same study and thereby confirming the usefulness of the Outgroup Prejudice Index in extending the scope of studies in the psychology of prejudice within a multi-faith context.

The psychology of prejudice: from attitudes to social action

Discussions of prejudice inevitably reveal the ways in which prejudice is linked with competition and social injustice, and the role that religious and political ideologies play in shaping attitudes. This book provides an accessible yet scholarly review of social psychological theory on prejudice with the goal of integrating recent theories about its causes. Several emerging trends and lines of research are highlighted in this book, including: * Essentialist and social constructivist approaches to understanding differences * Evolutionary and intergroup explanations of prejudice * Ideological systems and developmental theories * Cognitive processes and social neuroscience * Links among prejudice, environmental issues, and speciesism In addition to its rich theoretical content, the book reviews research on reducing prejudice, with an emphasis on intergroup and institutional strategies. It also discusses collective action to promote social justice and the difficult question of the possible drawbacks of prejudice reduction. With its thoughtfully selected reviews, numerous real-life examples, and novel content, this book will appeal to students and their educators, as well as researchers surveying or investigating the field of prejudice and diversity.

Review of The psychology of prejudice and discrimination (2nd ed).

Review of The psychology of prejudice and discrimination (2nd ed).

Norms in Mixed Sex and Mixed Race Work Groups

Abstract Norms determine regular patterns of behavior and influence members' identification with a group. They are also a proximate way to predict and understand behavior in diverse work groups but, surprisingly, have not been extensively examined in this context. After reviewing research on group norms and the psychology of prejudice, I suggest that reaping the benefits of the increased range of available task relevant resources in demographically diverse work groups may depend on the strength and content of the norms it adopts, but that diverse groups face distinct obstacles in developing strong norms that create satisfying interpersonal interaction and effective work performance. I consider the difficulties diverse work groups have in forming strong norms and then focus on how anti‐bias norms, which are directed toward preventing behaviors associated with prejudice and discrimination and address members' security concerns, and openness norms, which promote people's ability to individuate those whom the...

Teaching & Learning Guide for: The Nature of Contemporary Prejudice: Insights from Aversive Racism

Intergroup bias is one of the most actively researched topics in the field of social psychology. Hundreds of books and thousands of research articles have addressed this issue over more than half a century. Although the psychological roots of blatant prejudices are well documented, the development of more subtle and often unintentional forms in societies in which its expression is discouraged poses new and unique challenges to the pursuit of justice and equality in contemporary society. Our interests in the psychological underpinnings of prejudice as researchers and educators are both practical and conceptual. On the practical side, understanding the nature of contemporary forms of prejudice has clear implications for developing effective techniques for combating bias and discrimination. In 1967, nearly 3 years after the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, race riots in the United States prompted the Kerner Commission to investigate the sources of racial tension. Upon the conclusion of its investigation, the commission cited White America’s failure to assist Blacks in need, rather than actively trying to harm Blacks, as a primary cause of racial disparities and, ultimately, civil unrest (Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, 1968). Indeed, it was research on the differential helping behavior of politically liberal Whites toward Black and White motorists who were stranded on a highway that represented the first empirical work on aversive racism (Gaertner, 1973). Considerable subsequent research on aversive racism has revealed that the consequences of subtle bias can be as severe and pernicious as those of blatant prejudice. Conceptually, the complexities of contemporary forms of prejudice and recent advances in techniques and tools for studying non-conscious biases make this research area an exciting and challenging one. We hope that this guide can help orient educators to the many excellent resources that exist and convey our enthusiasm for exploring what psychological methods and theories can contribute to understanding one of the most challenging social issues faced in contemporary society.

ANTIGAY PREJUDICE AMONG HETEROSEXUAL MALES: RIGHT-WING AUTHORITARIANISM AS A STRONGER PREDICTOR THAN SOCIAL-DOMINANCE ORIENTATION AND HETEROSEXUAL IDENTITY

In recent years there has been much contested debate around the psychology of prejudice and the extent to which it is essentially an outcome of a variety of personality-related variables or whether the social context with which one identifies plays an equally, if not more, important role. Debate has also focused on the complex interplay of personality and social context. This study, using a combination of survey and experimental methodology, examined the extent to which antigay prejudice among men is predicted by right-wing authoritarianism, social-dominance orientation, and identity as a heterosexual. In phase 1 (N= 112) antigay stereotypes were found to be significantly related to right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, but nevertheless best predicted by right-wing authoritarianism (β = .27,p< .01) and in phase 2 (N= 52), despite males' sexual identity being primed, heterosexual identity was still not significantly related to measures of prejudice. These results are discussed with reference to the nature of authoritarianism and social-dominance orientation, as well as social-identity theory.

The Psychology of prejudice and discrimination: v.1: Racism in America; v.2: Ethnicity and multiracial identity; v.3: Bias based on gender and sexual orientation; v.4: Disability, religion, physique, and other traits

The Psychology of prejudice and discrimination: v.1: Racism in America; v.2: Ethnicity and multiracial identity; v.3: Bias based on gender and sexual orientation; v.4: Disability, religion, physique, and other traits

Teaching in the Mirror

The field of social psychology in the United States has only just begun to turn its gaze beyond American borders to explore social issues in cross-cultural context. Research and pedagogy on racism and privilege in particular will benefit by examining familiar dynamics in unfamiliar contexts. It is through this disciplinary lens that the author views the rich pedagogical possibilities for teaching about the psychology of prejudice in the United States by taking a close look at contemporary South Africa. This article draws primarily on the author's experience teaching about South Africa in an introductory course on the psychology of prejudice and racism, as well as other undergraduate courses in social psychology. The value of the unique South African case for American psychology students lies in the rich array of similarities and differences between the two countries, and especially in the remarkable transformations that shape post-apartheid South Africa

Are essentialist beliefs associated with prejudice?

Gordon Allport (1954) proposed that belief in group essences is one aspect of the prejudiced personality, alongside a rigid, dichotomous and ambiguity-intolerant cognitive style. We examined whether essentialist beliefs-beliefs that a social category has a fixed, inherent, identity-defining nature-are indeed associated in this fashion with prejudice towards black people, women and gay men. Allport's claim, which is mirrored by many contemporary social theorists, received partial support but had to be qualified in important respects. Essence-related beliefs were associated strongly with anti-gay attitudes but only weakly with sexism and racism, and they did not reflect a cognitive style that was consistent across stigmatized categories. When associations with prejudice were obtained, only a few specific beliefs were involved, and some anti-essentialist beliefs were associated with anti-gay attitudes. Nevertheless, the powerful association that essence-related beliefs had with anti-gay attitudes was independent of established prejudice-related traits, indicating that they have a significant role to play in the psychology of prejudice.

The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate?

Allport (1954) recognized that attachment to one's ingroups does not necessarily require hostility toward outgroups. Yet the prevailing approach to the study of ethnocentrism, ingroup bias, and prejudice presumes that ingroup love and outgroup hate are reciprocally related. Findings from both cross‐cultural research and laboratory experiments support the alternative view that ingroup identification is independent of negative attitudes toward outgroups and that much ingroup bias and intergroup discrimination is motivated by preferential treatment of ingroup members rather than direct hostility toward outgroup members. Thus to understand the roots of prejudice and discrimination requires first of all a better understanding of the functions that ingroup formation and identification serve for human beings. This article reviews research and theory on the motivations for maintenance of ingroup boundaries and the implications of ingroup boundary protection for intergroup relations, conflict, and conflict prevention.

Book Review: The Social Psychology of Prejudice

Book Review: The Social Psychology of Prejudice