Psychological World Research Articles

Book Review: Destined to Fail: Carl Seashore’s World of Eugenics, Psychology, Education, and Music

Book Review: Destined to Fail: Carl Seashore’s World of Eugenics, Psychology, Education, and Music

The relationship of economic behavior and stress (for example of receiving a loan)

In modern Kazakh society, the issue of borrowing is one of the most pressing topics. Due to the current socio-economic conditions, ordinary people resort to loans and are unable to pay debts due to layoffs and decreased ability to work due to a sharp deterioration in health. Stress is a special mental state associated with the emergence and manifestation of emotions, but it is characteristic not only of emotional phenomena, but also manifests itself in motivational, cognitive, voluntary behavior and other components of a person. From a psychological point of view, credit stress is a very difficult situation; it is an increase in negative emotions associated with money. The inability to repay a loan negatively affects a person’s psychological world, since a person is constantly in a state of fear and refuses to buy the desired thing because he has a loan debt that needs to be paid off. Today, credit allows consumers, especially young people, to easily borrow money to meet their shopping needs and desires. Having taken out a loan, young people feel one step closer to their dream and do not understand how they fell into the temptation of a loan in the future.

Social psychology world tour: How I got here

Social psychology world tour: How I got here

Миры и смыслы Александра Асмолова (беседа с ученым)

<p>A transcript of a conversation with A.G. Asmolov in the program "Learning to Live", which was recorded 2 years ago, but was released recently, on the eve of his anniversary, on the YouTube channel "Enlighteners" (link to the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW1pP2c99oM&t=1373s). The conversation is conducted by the editor-in-chief of the TV channel "Enlighteners" and the electronic newspaper "Vesti Obrazovaniya" T.N. Voloshko, a graduate of the MGPPU master's degree and a candidate for the UNESCO chair "Cultural and Historical Psychology of Childhood of MGPPU". And the interview tells about childhood, youth and the first steps in psychology, describes his most ordinary day, recalls a meeting with his teacher Alexey Nikolaevich Leontiev and other teachers, invites him to the worlds of psychology, art, literature and human relations.</p>

Behavioral Finance: Loss Aversion, Market Anomalies, and Prospect Theory in Financial Decision-Making

This paper delves into the intricate world of investor psychology to shed light on the processes that underlie financial decision-making. It focuses on three critical aspects: loss aversion, market anomalies, and prospect theory. These dimensions form the foundation for understanding the psychological factors that influence investors and, in turn, shape their financial choices. Loss aversion, a central theme, underscores the human tendency to fear losses more than they value gains. It explores the emotional aspects that come into play when investors face potential losses and how this can skew their judgment. The essay also examines market anomalies, emphasizing how anomalies in stock and financial markets can lead to deviations from traditional investment strategies, thereby prompting investors to question conventional wisdom. Prospect theory, a fundamental framework for comprehending decision-making, is a key component of this essay. It elaborates on the cognitive biases and emotional responses that guide investors when assessing potential gains and losses. The essay further highlights how recognizing these psychological nuances can empower investors to make more informed, rational choices. In conclusion, the essay elucidates that investor psychology plays a pivotal role in shaping financial outcomes. By acknowledging the intricate interplay of emotions and rationality, investors can make nuanced decisions that align with their financial goals and objectives.

GENRE FEATURES OF MODERN NON-FICTION LITERATURE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BOOK "DREAM OF ANTARCTIC" BY MARKIYAN PROKHASKO)

The end of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century is characterized by the fact that during this period, interest in non-fiction literature – a special literary genre of documentary prose, which is based on real events, without fiction or conjecture – begins to grow actively. Facts are presented through the imaginative perception of the world by the author of the work. Therefore, in our opinion, this genre can still be called “documentary journalism of life”. Non-fiction has gained particular popularity over the past few years. This is connected, first of all, with the events that are taking place, namely: with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. Collections of books about the war, the Maidan, and the Revolution of Dignity are published, as well as books that have become bestsellers in the world of psychology, travel journalism, and literature. The article examines the issue of genre features of the book “Dream of Antarctica”, which is an example of modern non-fiction literature. It is clarified why the diffusion of genres is a part of the analyzed book, and how the author combines features of other genres in one work.

“Destined to Fail”: Carl Seashore’s World of Eugenics, Psychology, Education, and Music by Julia Eklund Koza (review)

“Destined to Fail”: Carl Seashore’s World of Eugenics, Psychology, Education, and Music by Julia Eklund Koza (review)

Культурный код и его образный компонент (на примере образа природы в английских фильмах)

The study aims to solve the problem of the image cultural identification within the bounds of the English national cultural code. The object of the study is concentrated around linguistic metaphors representing images of fire and water as a part of the English nature-morphic code in films about catastrophes and survival. In order to solve the problem, the two natural image schemes, the pyromorphic image scheme FIRE > EMOTIONS and the hydromorphic scheme WATER > EMOTIONS, which are subordinate to the general hyperscheme NATURE > PSYCHE, are examined in detail. The study is novel in that it is the first to focus on the natural-elementary imagery as a source of stereotypes in the national cultural code. In order to do so, the article involves the modern cognitive-psychological image paradigm, according to which the activation of an image vividly demonstrates secondary stereotypical comprehension of the emotional world through the world of nature. The results achieved demonstrate that natural metaphors are basic, original and unavoidable in the world of psychology, while their use is quite a powerful source for naming unknown and problematic modern phenomena, such as emotions, feelings and experiences.

The Practical Application of Satir’s Iceberg Theory in Contemporary Education: Study Based on the Teacher-Pupil Relationship and Students’ Learning Efficiency of High School

Education plays a crucial role in people’s lives throughout history. Nowadays, all countries over the world attach great importance to education unprecedentedly, but teaching practice is far from many emerging advanced educational theories. Thus, educational theory and practical application must constantly reconcile and innovate. After collecting and analyzing relevant literature, this article adopts a case study, interview method and participatory research based on Satir’s iceberg theory to investigate the educational application practice in the stages of high school, where the most prominent contradiction has long existed. The objective of the study is to better achieve the goal of education, which means not only to impart knowledge but, more importantly, to cultivate students’ comprehensive qualities and abilities by teaching innovation. It explores the practical application of Satir's iceberg theory in contemporary education and combines specific cases to enrich it in order to provide new ideas and methods for educators. The results of the study revealed that positive and good interaction can improve the teacher-pupil relationship and students’ learning efficiency in high school, and educators can use Satir’s iceberg theory to touch the psychological world beneath the iceberg of students.

Sporting Mind: The Interplay of Physical Activity and Psychological Health.

The symbiotic relationship between sports practice and psychological well-being has, in recent times, surged to the forefront of academic and public attention. The aim of this narrative review is to comprehensively explore the intricate pathways linking physical engagement in sports to its subsequent impacts on mental health and synthesize the multifarious effects of sports on psychological health, offering insights for integrating physical and psychological strategies to enhance well-being. From neurobiological underpinnings to therapeutic applications, this comprehensive manuscript provides an in-depth dive into the multifaceted world of sports and psychology. Highlighting evidence-based interventions, this review aspires to offer actionable insights for practitioners, athletes, and individuals alike, advocating for a holistic approach to mental well-being. This manuscript highlights the profound impact of sports on mental health, emphasizing its role in emotional regulation, resilience, cognitive function, and treating psychological conditions. It details how sports induce neurochemical changes, enhance brain functions like memory and learning, and aid against cognitive decline. This review also notes the benefits of regular exercise in mood improvement, stress management, and social skill enhancement, particularly when combined with mindfulness practices. It underscores the importance of considering cultural and gender perspectives in sports psychology, advocating for an integrated physical-psychological approach to promote overall well-being.

The Notion of Image Schemas in Kurdish Proverbs

This study examines the notion of image schemas in selected Kurdish proverbs. As used in Cognitive Semantics, image schemas refer to conceptual structures that represent recurring patterns in our experience of the physical and psychological world. They are abstract concepts consisting of patterns emerging from repeated instances of embodied experience. Examples of image schemas include CONTAINER, PATH, FORCE, SCALE and CYCLE schemas. Applied to Kurdish proverbs, it is argued that image schemas serve as the basis for organizing knowledge and reasoning about the world. They are derived from concrete physical experiences that are projected onto abstract concepts. The aim of the study then is to show how image schemas provide the basis for richly detailed lexical concepts. One interesting finding is that image schemas arise directly from sensory and perceptual experience. They are functions of Kurdish speakers’ everyday interaction with and observation of the world around them.

Lived Experiences of Parents with Adolescent Victims in Cyberspace

Purpose: In the current era, cyberspace has become one of the most concerning issues that can influence the social and psychological world of humans, leading to adverse outcomes for them. A phenomenon that has recently attracted the attention of parents, researchers, and experts is the victimization of adolescent girls in cyberspace. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to identify the factors affecting victimization in cyberspace among adolescent girls, based on the lived experiences of their parents. Methodology: The research method was qualitative and conducted through thematic analysis. The statistical population included parents of female students victimized in cyberspace in secondary school during the 2023-2024 academic year in the city of Isfahan, and the sampling method was purposive. To collect the factors affecting victimization in cyberspace among adolescent girls, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents, and theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 16 parents. In this study, the Guba and Lincoln (1985) method was employed for validating the findings. Data analysis (coding and theme identification) conducted with MAXQDA software for thematic analysis. Findings: In this study, 17 basic themes based on mothers' lived experiences and 19 basic themes based on fathers' lived experiences were extracted. From these basic themes, 8 organizing themes were identified: innate characteristics, lack of skills, dependence on the internet, absence of friendly and intimate family relationships, economic pressure, lack of interest in education, and cyber literacy, which were categorized under 3 overarching themes: individual, familial, and environmental. Conclusion: The study's findings highlight the complex interplay between individual, family, and environmental factors influencing teenage girls' vulnerability in cyberspace. Addressing these factors holistically, through supportive family relationships, educational initiatives, and enhanced digital literacy, is crucial for safeguarding adolescents against online risks.

Intertextual elements of the novel «Masky opadaiut povilno (Masks Fall Slowly)» by Stepan Protsiuk

The works of Stepan Protsiuk are vivid examples of a modernized presentation of the Ukrainian literature classics for a new generation. The article is devoted to the study of intertextual elements in the novel aboutVolodymyr Vynnychenko «Masky opadaiut povilno (Masks Fall Slowly)».Detailing and decoding of intertextual markers serves as an auxiliary factor in understanding the influence of external factors on the protagonist’s life position. The novel attracts attention in the context of contemporarypsychobiographical prose because it contains a large number of symbols and colours. The study reveals and analyses the specifics of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s artistic portrayal, the complex corpus of his experiences,emotions, secrets of creativity, etc. The artist uses psychologism and deep tragedy of the narrative in a filigree manner, which adds even moresymbolism, metaphor and colour to his novels. «Masky opadaiut povilno(Masks Fall Slowly)» is a subjective perception of the Ukrainian classic, amodelling of his worldview. Stepan Protsiuk tries to show the protagonist not as a messiah of the world, but as a person who also experiences and has a lot of psychological traumas, which only get worse in the future. The chosen literary approach makes it possible to fully reveal the protagonist’s personality and understand the contradictions of the artist’s psychological world.

Moral Dilemmas of Surrogate Motherhood.

In the sphere of new modalities of creating offspring, one of the most controversial issues is related to surrogacy because it opens the space to unforeseeable ethical, legal, sociological and psychological world of dilemmas. Surrogacy is the process whereby a woman carries and gives birth to a baby for a couple who cannot conceive naturally and it has become increasingly popular worldwide. This reproductive method relativized the biological fact of birth and denied the central moment in identifying motherhood, expressed in the ancient Roman proverb that the mother of a child is the woman who gave birth to it. Surrogate motherhood changes the notion of motherhood as it separates the natural functions of a woman as a mother, or it separates the genetic from the gestational motherhood. In such a situation, the biological riddle is: Who is the real mother of the child: the one who gives the genetic material or the one who gives birth to it? The answer to this question opens many moral and ethical dilemmas in complex relationships: the surrogate mother, the couple-clients and the child. As the successful medical practice of giving birth to another undeniably exists in different countries of the world, the further fate of this method of reproduction will significantly depend on ethical justifications.

The courage to be, to become – and to belong: a person-centered understanding1

ABSTRACT This article offers a person-centered understanding of courage, based on the classical, organismic-relational perspective in person-centered psychology. Drawing on literature (Shakespeare) and philosophy (especially Aristotle and Tillich), it discusses both the courage to be (and become) – and to belong. It considers courage as a virtue which in its deficiency is fear but in its excess is over-confidence, and elaborates four ways of understanding and working with this therapeutically: in terms of being (in terms of regard and self-regard), process (from fixity to fluidity), encounter (with self and others), and communities (influence and impact). At a meta-perspective, the article also offers a commentary on the issue of belonging in a world of psychology and/or psychotherapy that tends to discount person-centered psychology.

VARIASI BAHASA DALAM VIDEO YOUTUBE GITA SAVITRI DEVI BERJUDUL TOXIC POSITIVITY | BEROPINI EPS. 39

The use of language variation is a form of language diversity due to the social diversity of speakers. This is important for us to know in order to understand the existence of various forms of variety of languages as a form of education. The purpose of this study was to find out how the forms of language variations contained in YouTube videos on Gita Savitri Devi's channel entitled Toxic Positivity | Opinionated Eps. 39. The method in this study uses data analysis through a qualitative descriptive approach. The data of this study is in the form of language variance used by Gita Savitri Devi when communicating or conveying information. The source of data used in this study is in the form of a speech from a YouTube video on Gita Savitri Devi's channel entitled Toxic Positivity | Opinionated Eps. 39. The results of the study are in the form of the use of language or speech of speakers using various language variations in it. 1) Variations of speakers, namely, the use of dialects as Jakarta society, 2) Registers that show the use of language that refers to the world of psychology, 3) The formality aspect of using casual or casual varieties to make the video fresh, light, and familiar and 4) Oral means used. The variety of language selection is divided into two, namely code mixing and code switching. Code mixing is seen in the speaker's speech when pronouncing some vocabulary mixed with English in Indonesian. The code transfer found is in the form of external code transfer from Indonesian to English.

A “PICTURE OF THE WORLD” AS A BASIC CONCEPT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY OF A EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT

The article deals with the issues of attributing models of the educational information environment of distance education based on the “picture of the world” concept. It is noted that the fundamental point of the distance type of education is the ability of students to form their own personal educational information environment. At this stage of understanding the problem of psychological security, issues of personal security in interaction with an educational information environment and the use of distance education in general can be considered only as special cases of the general classification of types of security, where two of its backbone types are generic: physical and psychological ones. The main emphasis in the development of an educational information environment and distance education in general should be done on the study and creation of preventive methodological and instrumental means of ensuring safety in education, where the basic categories should be the concepts of forming a “picture of the world”, integrity of the worldview, based on the development of the moral and psychological world of participants in the interaction of the educational information environment.

Lifestyle As Causes of Sexual Deviance In Islamic Perspective

Implementing a lifestyle in accordance with Shari’ah has a close correlation with the formation of a noble character and positive mindset in humans to avoid all forms of ugliness and deviation. The concept of the Islamic lifestyle also supports the preservation of human life, protects future generations, and maintains the integrity of humanity. This research uses qualitative methods with case studies to research natural object conditions, where the researcher is the key instrument, and is carried out through interviews and observations. The research informants were community groups with deviant sexual orientation in Bandung and medical experts in the world of psychology. The results showed a correlation between lifestyles that have an impact on sexual deviance, namely, the widespread spread of sexual deviance: LGBT, especially gays in Bandung since 2016, as a result of the consumption of haram food and drinks, as well as dressing and behaving in ways that violate the guidance of Islamic law. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between lifestyle and the phenomenon of sexual deviance: LGBT in Bandung, as well as the Islamic view of the correlation between the two.

The Psychological World of Highly Gifted Young Adults: a Follow-up Study

AbstractIn this exploratory qualitative case study, in-depth interviews were held with seven highly gifted young adults (27–28 years). Thematic analyses of the interviews revealed salient constellations of meaning: an “internal motor”—a metaphor for an internal strength, a strong drive to grow, learn and develop, driven by their curiosity, a lack of goodness of fit (for the school years up, until the college years), feeling “not okay to be me”, existential loneliness, stress due to multi-potentiality, perfectionism, and spiritual needs (e.g., freedom to choose their own path). Based on the answers of the participants, greater attention and support seem to be needed for the holistic development of (highly) gifted students throughout their school careers. The findings suggest that attention should be paid to stimulating their cognitive development as well as their social, emotional, and spiritual development.

A comparative study on public, social, academic and family self-esteem in students with and without ADHD

Background. Considering the importance of self-esteem as an influential variable in the mental health of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and also the inconsistent findings in the related literature, this study intended to compare the level of self-esteem in public, social, academic, and family contexts in students with and without ADHD. Methods. The research design was based on the causal-comparative study. The intended first population of this study consisted of students with ADHD who had visited the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic of Razi Hospital in Tabriz during 2021 (1400 in the solar calendar); the second population was made up of healthy counterparts of this clinical group (i.e., students without ADHD). Based on the purposive sampling method, 48 students who were diagnosed with ADHD without co-occurring psychiatric disorder by a child psychiatry specialist were selected as the study group. Also, 48 healthy students from Tabriz schools were selected as the group without ADHD. Results. Given the obtained results, a statistically significant difference was found between the ADHD group and the non-ADHD group in light of the composite scores of the self-esteem sub-components. The findings showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the public and the family subscales, that is, the public self-esteem of the group with ADHD was higher than the mean of the general self-esteem of the non-ADHD group, and the mean of the family self-esteem of the non-ADHD group was higher than that of the ADHD group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the social and academic subscales. Conclusion. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the self-esteem of students with ADHD in their inner world is different from other individuals’ inferences about the self-esteem of these children. In other words, these children had acceptable self-esteem in their psychological world according to their psychological conditions. In addition, considering the low family self-esteem of the participants with ADHD, the behavioral quality of these children’s parents and relatives may have affected how they define family relationships and consequently, lowered their value. Practical Implications. Considering the obtained results, it was suggested to pay attention to these children’s self-esteem in their interventions and use the potential of this variable in controlling individual and family behaviors.