Psychological Wisdom Research Articles

Observation of the Art and Ideology of the Architectural Gate of the Great Mosque of Jami' Singaraja: Involvement of Hinduism, Islam, and the Kingdom of Buleleng

This research aims to uncover the complex process of integration and collaboration between the Kingdom of Buleleng, Hinduism and Islam, which is evident in the gate design of the Jami' Singaraja Grand Mosque. The paper uses a logical and concise structure that includes common academic sections, ensuring a clear and necessary flow of information and causal relationships between statements. It uses appropriate vocabulary for the particular subject and adheres to grammatical correctness, conventional structure, clear and logical structure, and balanced judgment. The objective was achieved by using three methods, namely Aditya Wardana's gate architecture method examines the aesthetic nuances and significance of the extrinsic layers associated with the construction of the gate under study, the semiotic method proposed by Riffaterre establishes the implied meaning of the physical form of the gate in question and the ideological method is used to analyze the results of the first two methods to provide a more comprehensive interpretation of the explicit and implied meanings. This study concludes that the gate architecture of the Jami' Singaraja Grand Mosque contributes to the negotiation between environmental sensitivity and the ethics of cultural beauty. This can be observed through three findings a symbol of social status that values responsible pluralism, the obligation to bring joy, maintain expressive values, and dissolve negative elements, a reminder of the guidelines of social life, inner purity, and psychological wisdom; and an ideology of togetherness for the Muslim profile that must pay attention to inclusive personality, mass mobilization for social care, and reproduction of individual piety.

Attachment and Political Personality are Heritable and Distinct Systems, and Both Share Genetics with Interpersonal Trust and Altruism

The attachment and caregiving domains maintain proximity and care-giving behavior between parents and offspring, in a way that has been argued to shape people’s mental models of how relationships work, resulting in secure, anxious or avoidant interpersonal styles in adulthood. Several theorists have suggested that the attachment system is closely connected to orientations and behaviors in social and political domains, which should be grounded in the same set of familial experiences as are the different attachment styles. We use a sample of Norwegian twins (N = 1987) to assess the genetic and environmental relationship between attachment, trust, altruism, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and social dominance orientation (SDO). Results indicate no shared environmental overlap between attachment and ideology, nor even between the attachment styles or between the ideological traits, challenging conventional wisdom in developmental, social, and political psychology. Rather, evidence supports two functionally distinct systems, one for navigating intimate relationships (attachment) and one for navigating social hierarchies (RWA/SDO), with genetic overlap between traits within each system, and two distinct genetic linkages to trust and altruism. This is counter-posed to theoretical perspectives that link attachment, ideology, and interpersonal orientations through early relational experiences.

Human Dilemma and Pathos in the Novels of Amitav Ghosh

Amitav Ghosh’s fiction deals with some of the most relevant issues, concerning human emotions and relations in different social and political settings. His narrative ties the readers’ delicate emotions with the indispensable emotions of the characters. His fiction has a universal appeal touching the heart of readers from all over the globe. He cleverly employs the themes, knitted wisely with the societal issues ensuing in the formation of literary magnum opus. Like a compliant scholar of the postmodern era, Amitav Ghosh propounds the conception of a piece of art that satiates not only the critical perspective of the literary critics but also the emotional thirst of the common readers. Being a journalist and a teacher as well, Ghosh has a close judgment of human suffering and pain and his psychological wisdom about fragile human relations is remarkable. In this research paper an attempt has been done to explore the themes of dilemma and pathos in the novels of Amitav Ghosh.

Phases of human development: Comparing Western and Islamic theories and the implication in Islamic education

The physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development determine every aspect of human life, including education. Providing appropriate education for children is determined by the child's developmental stage. The current study aims to describe the stages of human development according to Western and Islamic concepts and their implications in Islamic education. To ensure a comprehensive investment in human beings, attention to religious education and introducing religious instruction from the prenatal stage is deemed necessary, as this period forms the foundation for further development. The research methodology employed in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). After reviewing various literature sources, the researchers selected several references that were relevant to the topic. The study's results indicate that the prenatal phase in Islamic psychology is more extended than Western psychology's. The tamyiz and amrad phases, viewed in Islamic psychology as preparations for entering adulthood, correspond to the Western psychological perspective of puberty. The futuh phase, or the phase of wisdom in Islamic psychology, occurs when a person ages 40, whereas Western psychology labels this as the adult phase. The phase of the Hereafter is considered crucial in Islamic psychology, while Western psychology lacks an afterlife phase. Consequently, Muslims undergo lifelong education from early birth to death. In conclusion, every phase of human life must be educated according to the level of maturity, starting from prenatal, infant, early childhood, school age, adolescent, young adult, mature adult, to late adult.

Recovering Christian Character: The Psychological Wisdom of Søren Kierkegaard by Robert C.Roberts (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2022), xx + 380 pp.

Modern TheologyEarly View Book Review Recovering Christian Character: The Psychological Wisdom of Søren Kierkegaard by Robert C. Roberts (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2022), xx + 380 pp. Thomas J. Millay, Corresponding Author Thomas J. Millay [email protected] The Hong Kierkegaard Library, St. Olaf College, 1520 St. Olaf Avenue Northfield, MN, 55057 USASearch for more papers by this author Thomas J. Millay, Corresponding Author Thomas J. Millay [email protected] The Hong Kierkegaard Library, St. Olaf College, 1520 St. Olaf Avenue Northfield, MN, 55057 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/moth.12859Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Thirty Years of Psychological Wisdom Research: What We Know About the Correlates of an Ancient Concept

Psychologists have studied the ancient concept of wisdom for 3 decades. Nevertheless, apparent discrepancies in theories and empirical findings have left the nomological network of the construct unclear. Using multilevel meta-analyses, we summarized wisdom’s correlations with age, intelligence, the Big Five personality traits, narcissism, self-esteem, social desirability, and well-being. We furthermore examined whether these correlations were moderated by the general approach to conceptualizing and measuring wisdom (i.e., phenomenological wisdom as indexed by self-report vs. performative wisdom as indexed by performance ratings), by specific wisdom measures, and by variable-specific factors (e.g., age range, type of intelligence measures, and well-being type). Although phenomenological and performative approaches to conceptualizing and measuring wisdom had some unique correlates, both were correlated with openness, hedonic well-being, and eudaimonic well-being, especially the growth aspect of eudaimonic well-being. Differences between phenomenological and performative wisdom are discussed in terms of the differences between typical and maximal performance, self-ratings and observer ratings, and global and state wisdom. This article will help move the scientific study of wisdom forward by elucidating reliable wisdom correlates and by offering concrete suggestions for future empirical research based on the meta-analytic findings.

Recovering Christian Character: The Psychological Wisdom of Søren Kierkegaard. By Robert C.Roberts. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2022. Pp. vii, 380. $49.00.

The Heythrop JournalVolume 63, Issue 6 p. 1209-1212 Book Review Recovering Christian Character: The Psychological Wisdom of Søren Kierkegaard. By Robert C. Roberts. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2022. Pp. vii, 380. $49.00. John H. McNassor, Corresponding Author John H. McNassor johnmcnassor@gmail.com Williamsport, PASearch for more papers by this author John H. McNassor, Corresponding Author John H. McNassor johnmcnassor@gmail.com Williamsport, PASearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 November 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/heyj.14159Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume63, Issue6November 2022Pages 1209-1212 RelatedInformation

Feeling the heat? Fear of failure and performance

AbstractWe use new individual‐level data from MasterChef, a television show in the United States in order to objectively capture situations of fear of failure. We codify situations in which the contestants are on the verge of being eliminated from competition and situations where they explicitly express fear of failing. These new data have the distinct advantage of being purely objective. We cover ten seasons, from 2010 to 2020 and include nearly 200 observations to study the role of fear of failure on performance. Using ordinary least squares, we show that extreme fear of failure is associated with an increase of two to four positions in the final placement of the cooking competition. This positive link between fear of failure and performance tends to contradict the conventional wisdom in both psychology and behavioral economics that such a link tends to be negative. Our findings are robust to broad changes in specification.

The Wisdom Researchers and the Elephant: An Integrative Model of Wise Behavior

This article proposes an integrative model of wise behavior in real life. While current research findings depend considerably on how wisdom is conceptualized and measured, there are strong conceptual commonalities across psychological wisdom models. The proposed model integrates the components of several existing models into a dynamic framework explaining wise behavior. The article first specifies which real-life situations require wisdom and discusses characteristics of wise behavior. The core proposition of the model is that in challenging real-life situations, noncognitive wisdom components (an exploratory orientation, concern for others, and emotion regulation) moderate the effect of cognitive components (knowledge, metacognitive capacities, and self-reflection) on wise behavior. The model can explain the situation specificity of wisdom and the commonalities and differences between personal and general wisdom. Empirically, it accounts for the considerable variation in correlations among wisdom measures and between wisdom measures and other variables. The model has implications for the design of wisdom-fostering interventions and new wisdom measures.

La Figura del Sabio Como Modelo Integral de Conocimiento y Conducta en la Filosofía Antigua

Abstract From the significance of the sage in ancient philosophy and the emergence of the notion of wisdom in contemporary psychology, I propose to reevaluate the role of the wise man as integral model of knowledge and action in ancient philosophy. I claim that this model is rooted in the Greek tradition from archaic literature, but it is not a central element in the philosophy of the classical period (i.e., Plato and Aristotle) as it is in Hellenistic philosophy, particularly with the Stoics. The analysis includes an assessment of the conditions allowing a theory that offers the figure of the wise man as a guiding model of both knowledge and action. For this, I consider three relevant criteria: the wise man is human (even if similar to god), he proves to be integrally wise (without excluding theory from praxis) and his wisdom is useful (because of his advice or example).

ANALISIS KEJIWAAN TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL PENAKLUK BADAI KARYA AGUK IRAWAN MN

This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The approach used is a literary psychology approach. Sources of data obtained from documents. Data collection techniques with library techniques, listen, take notes. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out by interactive data analysis. The validity of the data using theoretical poles. Based on the results of data analysis obtained 3 conclusions. First, the building blocks of the novel are the intrinsic elements. Intrinsic elements include; (a) the major theme is about the struggle for life of a warrior of the nation and religion, minor themes, among others, the problem of matchmaking, the problem of love, the problem of nationalism; (b) the main character is Hasyim Asy'ari, additional characters are Kiai Usman, Kiai Asy'ari, Kiai Ya'qub, Nyai Layinah, Nyai Halimah, Kiai Kholil, Darwis/Ahmad Dahlan, Nafisah, Marto Lemu, Wahab Hasbulloh and Bisri Sansuri; (c) the setting of the place (Tebuireng Islamic Boarding School, Mecca of Saudi Arabia, Rooms, Gedang Islamic Boarding School, Keras Islamic Boarding School, Kademangan Islamic Boarding School, Semarang Land Islamic Boarding School, Siwalan Islamic Boarding School, Ship, Market and Prison), time setting (morning, afternoon, evening, night), background atmosphere (sad, happy, emotional, worried); (d) forward flow; (e) mixed viewpoints; (f) and the mandate that can be taken is honesty. The three values ??of psychological wisdom contained in the novel are (1) religious, (2) honest, (3) tolerance, (4) discipline, (5) hard work, (6) creative, (7) thirst for knowledge, (8) friendly/communicative, (9) nationalism.
 Keywords: Storm Conqueror, builder element, psychological conflict, psychological wisdom value

Wisdom Of Zakat (Muzakki Behavioral Phenomenon Of Paying Zakat For Professionals In Langsa City, Aceh Province)

Zakat is defined as one of the pillars of Islam, however the presence of professional zakat that has developed in contemporary times, nowadays has received various responses from the community. This paper aims to analyze how the behavior of people in Langsa City in paying professional zakat. this study also tries to elaborate the wisdom felt by the community while consistently paying professional zakat. Method used in writing this research is a qualitative which based on field research. A phenomenological approach is employed to unravel the wisdom of zakat felt by muzakki. This study involved 5 (five) informants with interview and documentation data sources approachs. This study found that the behavior of muzakki in paying professional zakat is reflected in the theory of planned behavior which includes attitudes, subjective norms as well as behavioral control. In terms of the attitude; the behavior of muzakki in paying zakat is driven by psychological wisdom, social wisdom, economic wisdom and biological wisdom. Moreover, in regards to subjective norms, the behavior of muzakki in paying professional zakat is encouraged by several media including families, educational institutions, through online information, government regulations and organizations. In terms of behavioral control, muzakki pay zakat since there are systems provided for paying zakat systematically, manually, as well as online.

Development and validation of the (inner) Strength-Based Inventory

ABSTRACT Ten perfections (known as inner strengths) are considered positive psychological characteristics, namely, generosity, morality, mindfulness/meditation, wisdom, perseverance, patience and endurance, truthfulness, determination, loving kindness and equanimity. The goal of this study was to develop a new instrument, the (inner) Strength-Based Inventory (SBI) based on these ten perfections. In all, 947 participants completed the SBI for item evaluation using Rasch analysis, and 556 completed the original version of the SBI comprising 10 items with five to eight response choices. The final version comprising 10 items, with five choices for each item, which were completed by 391 participants for the second evaluation. All 10 items showed a unidimensional construct with good fit statistics, good reliability and targeting. The SBI provided sufficient validity and reliability based on the Rasch measurement model. It may facilitate counselling and psychotherapy by enabling clinicians to use it as an individual’s positive resource. Further investigation among diverse cultures is encouraged.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕОРІЇ МУДРОСТІ: ЛІТЕРАТУРНИЙ ОГЛЯД

The article presents a theoretical analysis of modern theories of wisdom, considers the formation and essence of the concept of wisdom in psychology. At the end of the twentieth century, the interest of psychologists in the subject of wisdom began to grow. Wisdom as a concept is integral to any society, culture and time, it reveals those qualities of personality that help a person to be realized. The concept of wisdom requires theoretical justification and empirical research. In general, there are two main concepts of wisdom: one affirms the affective qualities more or less with the cognitive, inherent in man; the other focuses precisely on cognitive and reflexive abilities, ignoring emotional life. This typification has proved itself in several planes. In the history of philosophy, the understanding of wisdom had both an affective and a cognitive character, represented by East and West. Empirical studies of implicit concepts of wisdom conducted in recent years indicate the variability of perception of wisdom. In the East, the concept of wisdom is less analytical and more psychological than in the West, which requires an understanding not only of the intellectual, but also of the sensual (emotions, intuition, etc.). Cross-cultural empirical studies confirm the general difference in the perception of wisdom in different cultures. The influence of age on the manifestations of wisdom in humans should be noted separately. Research has shown that age negatively affects the intellectual component of wisdom, but is neutral to procedural knowledge. On the one hand, with age a person acquires experience that can interpret and extract new procedural knowledge from him. On the other hand, the fact that a person has life experience does not determine a person’s qualitative interpretation of what happened to him. The age factor cannot be decisive in becoming wise.

Development of psychological wisdom scale for Japanese people

Development of psychological wisdom scale for Japanese people

Go in Peace: Brain Death, Reasonable Accommodation and Jewish Mourning Rituals.

Religious objections to brain death are common among Orthodox Jews. These objections often lead to conflicts between families of patients who are diagnosed with brain death, and physicians and hospitals. Israel, New York and New Jersey (among other jurisdictions) include accommodation clauses in their regulations or laws regarding the determination of death by brain-death criteria. The purpose of these clauses is to allow families an opportunity to oppose or even veto (in the case of Israel and New Jersey) determinations of brain death. In New York, the extent and duration of this accommodation period are generally left to the discretion of individual institutions. Jewish tradition has embraced cultural and psychological mechanisms to help families cope with death and loss through a structured process that includes quick separation from the physical body of the dead and a gradual transition through phases of mourning (Aninut,Kriah, timely burial, Shiva, Shloshim, first year of mourning). This process is meant to help achieve closure, acceptance, support for the bereaved, commemoration, faith in the afterlife and affirmation of life for the survivors. We argue that the open-ended period of contention of brain death under the reasonable accommodation laws may undermine the deep psychological wisdom that informs the Jewish tradition. By promoting dispute and conflict, the process of inevitable separation and acceptance is delayed and the comforting rituals of mourning are deferred at the expense of the bereft family. Solutions to this problem may include separating discussions of organ donation from those concerning the diagnosis of brain death per se, allowing a period of no escalation of life-sustaining interventions rather than unilateral withdrawal of mechanical ventilation, engagement of rabbinical leaders in individual cases and policy formulations that prioritize emotional support for families.

Духовна криза особистості як ознака інформаційного суспільства

The article deals with the theoretical analysis of the interpretation of the spiritual crisis phenomenon in psychology and the empirical investigation of the peculiarities of spiritual crisis manifestation in adolescence. It is stated that it is worth talking about the availability of experiencing spiritual crisis by an individual, when he or she realizes, that moral values are lost, and spirituality gave way to material benefit. It is noted that the spiritual crisis, which in the technocratic informational era is partly experiencing by all humanity, is experiencing the situation of impossibility of realizing personal spiritual values in relationships with other people and the world, and because of their non-compliance to the societal or universal values, as well as the levelling of their significance for the person itself or the loss of the moral marks. In the conducted pilot study, according to the purpose of the article, the sample was comprised of students of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, future psychologists (n = 30), average age of the respondents – 20 years. The following methods were used: «Diagnostics of a Spiritual Crisis», the test of hardiness of S. Maddi, the scale of tolerance / intolerance to ambiguity of S. Badner, the scale of «Psychological sapience» of H. Conte. It is revealed that the tendency to experience the spiritual crisis and increase of the intensity of existential vacuum are found by the students with not enough developed hardiness and its components (in particular, involving and challenge), who lack the tolerance in communicating with other people and the psychological wisdom in perceiving their own inner world, in the awareness of feelings and openness to their sensual experience. It is concluded that those scientists, who consider the experiencing of a spiritual crisis as a positive moment of human life, say about the spiritual development and self-disclosure of a personality as its result, while scientists, who perceive the spiritual crisis as a failure, a break in the life path, analyze its negative consequences and look for ways to overcome them.

El sentido de la vida. Un ejemplo de intervención

Desde el origen de los tiempos el ser humano se ha cuestionado el significado de la vida. Grandes pensadores y filósofos han planteado en innumerables ocasiones cuál es el sentido de la vida. La Psicoterapia Integradora Humanista, a través de sus planteamientos teóricos y metateóricos, junto con la sabiduría de la Psicología Existencial, recoge el tema y lo plantea como algo concreto a trabajar en la sala de terapia. El presente artículo está basado en el taller realizado en el I Congreso Internacional de Psicología y Psicoterapias Humanistas que se celebró en Barcelona en noviembre de 2015. Como el taller, el artículo se plantea en dos partes. Una primera en la que hay una revisión teórica de la cuestión existencial, basada principalmente en la temática de Irvin Yalom (la muerte, la libertad, el aislamiento y el sentido de la vida). En la segunda parte, se plantea una posible intervención para trabajar en psicoterapia el sentido de la vida, junto con la reflexión final sobre los aspectos genéricos a tener en cuenta a la hora de enfocar este tema en terapia.

Assessing wisdom-related competence in the context of medical education

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Our model of wisdom-related competence distinguishes wisdom-relevant and wisdom-specific knowledge and attitudes (13 dimensions in total) as a basis for constructive action in complex social contexts such as professional therapeutic situations. Purpose: Based on this model reflecting modern challenges of medical education, we aimed at assessing medical students' wisdom-related competence in general and as a function of scenario content, age and study progress. Methods: We conducted scenario-based interviews with a sample of 15 medical students. All participants were faced with same four scenarios reflecting complex situations. Then, we performed a content analysis on the interview transcripts using a specific coding manual. Results: Findings indicate a low level of wisdom-related competence in the analysed sample; participants' mean total score was M = 156.47 (SD = 61.50) of 364 possible points. Corresponding to previous findings of psychological wisdom research, only few participants reached high scores. The students scored higher in wisdom-relevant dimensions than in wisdom-specific dimensions and higher in knowledge than in attitude dimensions. Conclusions: Regarding these results and the fact that wisdom-related knowledge and attitudes facilitate wise decisions and wise action in complex medical contexts, the curriculum of medical education should more largely integrate wisdom-related goals and learning opportunities.

Do participants differ in their cognitive abilities, task motivation, or personality characteristics as a function of time of participation?

Four experiments tested the conventional wisdom in experimental psychology that participants who complete laboratory tasks systematically differ in their cognitive abilities, motivational levels, and personality characteristics as a function of the time at which they participate during an academic term. Across 4 experiments with over 2,900 participants from 2 different universities with 2 different academic schedules, no convincing evidence suggested that individuals differ in cognitive abilities (working memory capacity, fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, long-term memory, and attention control). Similarly, no evidence suggested participants' task motivation varies systematically with time of participation, nor do any of the Big Five personality traits. The present study concludes that researchers need not be overly concerned with time of participation effects as a potential confound in individual differences or experimental psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record