Psychological Well-being Scores Research Articles

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Unhealthy Lifestyle in Adolescence: Unforeseen Role of Allostatic Overload and Psychological Well-Being.

Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (ULBs) are common in early adolescence and could be worsened by Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as by specific psychosocial factors, such as stress and unbalanced (i.e., too high or low scores of) psychological well-being (PWB) dimensions. This multi-center study aimed to evaluate how interactions between ADHD symptoms and psychosocial factors associated with ULBs (i.e., Allostatic Overload and multidimensional Psychological Well-Being), considered as moderators, could affect the adoption of ULBs during adolescence. A total of 440 fourteen-year-old adolescents were recruited from six upper secondary schools in Bologna and Rome (Italy) and completed self-report questionnaires on ULBs, ADHD, and psychosocial factors. Relations between ADHD symptomatology and specific ULBs (i.e., impaired sleep, problematic Internet use) were moderated by variables deemed as "negative" (i.e., Allostatic Overload) or "positive" (i.e., PWB dimensions of Self-Acceptance, Personal Growth, Positive Relations, Purpose in Life, Environmental Mastery): when the "negative" moderator is absent and the levels of the "positive" moderators are higher, ULBs decrease among students with lower ADHD symptomatology but increase among students with more severe ADHD. Based on ADHD severity, interventions should aim at promoting a state of euthymia, which consists in balanced PWB dimensions and reflects the optimal level of well-being to fulfill one's own potential and self-realization.

Effectiveness of strengthening exercises on positive thinking skills, psychological wellness and mental strength in athletes with a meniscus-ripped knee

This study aims to examine the influence of positive thinking, psychological well-being, and mental toughness on the recovery process following strengthening exercises in individuals diagnosed with a meniscus tear in the knee. The research cohort comprises 32 athletes diagnosed with a meniscus tear through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Of these participants, 26 are male, and 6 are female, all aged above 18, engaged in amateur sports across diverse disciplines, and having sustained injuries during athletic activities. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (experimental, n=16) and Group B (control, n=16). The study adopts a mixed model incorporating experimental, survey, and relational methodologies. The experimental model utilizes the experimental method with pretest-follow-up test and posttest control group design. Over an 8-week period, participants engage in exercises with each training session comprising 10 repetitions conducted twice daily. Assessments using the Positive Thinking, Psychological Well-Being, and Mental Resilience scales occur during the Pre-Test, Follow-up Test, and Post-Test stages throughout the study duration. Analysis of the research results reveals mean scores for positive thinking and psychological well-being scales above the medium level, whereas mental toughness scale scores approximate the middle level. The study concludes a moderate, yet statistically insignificant, positive correlation among positive thinking, psychological well-being, and mental toughness scale scores. Significantly, participants, guided by a physical therapist, exhibit a faster recovery rate compared to the control group. Consequently, it is inferred that the incorporation of psychological support alongside physical exercises contributes to an accelerated recovery process.

Effectiveness of Self-Management Training, “EDUDARA”, on Psychological Wellbeing and Cortisol Levels in Breast Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Women diagnosed with breast cancer often experience emotional distress, leading to a decrease in psychological well-being. Online self-management training during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for maintaining psychological well-being, as it is closely related to stress hormone cortisol levels, which play a vital role in boosting the body’s immune system. However, research on self-management strategies for breast cancer patients, particularly regarding psychological aspect and its relationship to cortisol levels during the COVID-19 pandemic, remains limited.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of self-management training on psychological well-being and salivary cortisol levels in breast cancer patients.Methods: This study used a pre-post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group. The participants included 70 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a hospital in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia, recruited using simple random sampling. Self-management training using the EDUDARA (Edukasi Kanker Payudara) was administered to the participants in the intervention group for six weeks. Data on wellbeing were collected using the Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire, while salivary cortisol levels were measured with the DBD cortisol kit using the competitive ELISA method. SPSS with t-tests was used to analyze the data.Results: The average post-test psychological well-being score in the intervention group was 90.3, while in the control group, it was 82.69. The results of statistical tests showed a significant difference in psychological well-being between the two groups, with the intervention group showing greater improvement after the training. Additionally, the mean salivary cortisol level post-training was 4.531 in the intervention group and 6.169 in the control group (p=0.001). This indicates a greater reduction in cortisol levels in the intervention group after training, showing that participants’ psychological condition following the “EDUDARA” training was better than that of the control group.Conclusion: Self-management training had a positive effect on increasing psychological well-being and decreasing salivary cortisol levels among breast cancer patients. Therefore, structured self-management training for these patients can be used for nursing intervention

Kesejahteraan psikologis pada remaja dengan orangtua bercerai: Dapatkah ditingkatkan dengan pelatihan memaafkan?

Divorce has many negative impacts on teenagers, such as low psychological well-being caused by negative emotions that arise as a result of parents' divorce. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of forgiveness training to improve psychological well-being in adolescents with divorced parents. This study uses the quasi-experimental design Pretest-Posttest Control Group with Follow-up Design. The study subjects were 12 adolescents with divorced parents, consisting of 4 males and 8 females, with a male psychological well-being score in the medium-low category. Subjects were divided into 2 groups randomly, consisting of 6 subjects in the experimental group and 6 subjects in the control group. The experimental group was given intervention in the form of forgiveness training for 3 meetings and the control group was given a video on the power of forgiveness after the research was complete. Data collection was carried out using the Psychological Well-being Scale (α – 0,919) and the Forgiveness Scale (α = 0,886). The data analysis method used is the Independent Sample T-test and Paired Sample T-test. Based on these results, it can be interpreted that training to forgive can improve the psychological well-being of adolescents with divorced parents.

Satisfaction With Life and Psychological Well-Being in TA Trainees

This empirical study was undertaken to examine the effect of long-term transactional analysis (TA) training on satisfaction with life and psychological well-being scores of TA trainees. For data collection, the research team used the 5-item Satisfaction With Life (SWL) scale developed by Diener et al. and a 20-item Psychological Well-Being (PWB) questionnaire developed by Mehrotra et al. especially to suit the Indian cultural context. Responses were collected from 200 individuals segregated equally into an experimental and a control group. Results indicate that those who have undergone TA training scored higher on the SWL scale and the PWB questionnaire. Senior trainees scored higher than junior or beginner trainees on both the SWL and the PWB. A plateauing effect on SWL scores was observed after 30 months of training whereas no such plateauing was observed for PWB scores. This study suggests that TA training is positively associated with life satisfaction and psychological well-being of the trainees.

Determination of attitudes and behaviours towards end-of-life care and psychological well-being levels of intensive care nurses

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the attitudes and behaviors of intensive care nurses towards end-of-life care and their psychological well-being levels. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using a face-to-face interview technique with 101 nurses working at Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital between March and July 2023. Data were collected using the Nurse Introductory Information Form, Intensive Care Nurses’ Attitudes and Behaviors Towards End-of-Life Care Scale, and Psychological WellBeing Scale. The relationship between the variables was investigated with the Spearman correlation test. Results: It was determined that 74.3% of the nurses were women, 60.4% were single, and 61.4% had worked in the profession for 1-5 years. It was determined that nurses’ attitudes and behaviors towards end-of-life care scale scores showed a significant difference depending on whether they received information about end-of-life care and that there was a significant difference between the psychological well-being scale score and satisfaction with the department they worked in (p<0.05). There is a moderate and positive relationship between the behavioral scale and the psychological well-being scale mean scores (r=0.368, p<0.001). Conclusion: The study found that as nurses’ attitudes and behavior levels towards end-of-life care increased their psychological well-being levels also increased. It is recommended that nurses evaluate their psychological well-being and quality of life within the scope of holistic care and that studies be carried out to provide training and consulting services to nurses in this direction.

Interpretable prediction models for disability in older adults with hypertension: the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happy Family Study.

Older adults with hypertension have a high risk of disability, while an accurate risk prediction model is still lacking. This study aimed to construct interpretable disability prediction models for older Chinese with hypertension based on multiple time intervals. Data were collected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happy Family Study for 2008-2018. A total of 1602, 1108, and 537 older adults were included for the periods of 2008-2012, 2008-2014, and 2008-2018, respectively. Disability was measured by basic activities of daily living. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied for feature selection. Five machine learning algorithms combined with LASSO set and full-variable set were used to predict 4-, 6-, and 10-year disability risk, respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used as the main metric for selection of the optimal model. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to explore important predictors of the optimal model. Random forest in full-variable set and XGBoost in LASSO set were the optimal models for 4-year prediction. Support vector machine was the optimal model for 6-year prediction on both sets. For 10-year prediction, deep neural network in full variable set and logistic regression in LASSO set were optimal models. Age ranked the most important predictor. Marital status, body mass index, score of Mini-Mental State Examination, and psychological well-being score were also important predictors. Machine learning shows promise in screening out older adults at high risk of disability. Disability prevention strategies should specifically focus on older patients with unfortunate marriage, high BMI, and poor cognitive and psychological conditions.

Relationship between gender roles, motherhood beliefs and mental health.

Gender roles, as social constructs, play a significant role in shaping individuals' beliefs and attitudes, influencing various aspects of life, including perceptions and expectations surrounding motherhood. These beliefs, acquired through culture and society, can have an impact on our mental well-being. This research consists of three independent studies conducted in the Mexican population. In the first and second studies, we extended the Attitudes Towards Gender Roles Scale and Motherhood Beliefs Scale and performed psychometric validation through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The aim of including additional items in both scales was to update these attitudes and beliefs in Mexican culture to avoid the traditionalist bias in both instruments. Finally, the third study examined the relationship between the new versions of both scales and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and Positive Psychological Functioning as indicators of mental health in women and men with and without children. Our findings revealed a significant association between higher levels of traditional attitudes towards gender roles and traditional motherhood beliefs, as well as between non-traditional attitudes towards gender roles and non-traditional beliefs about motherhood. Interestingly, we observed that traditional attitudes toward gender roles were associated with lower anxiety and depression scores, while non-traditional attitudes were associated with higher levels of depression. Furthermore, individuals who embraced non-traditional attitudes towards both gender roles and motherhood beliefs tended to exhibit better psychological well-being in all subsamples. Additionally, women generally showed lesser alignment with traditional attitudes towards both gender roles and motherhood beliefs compared to men. However, women reported higher rates of depression and anxiety, along with lower psychological well-being scores, than their male counterparts. This highlights the significant influence that traditional cultural norms about gender roles and motherhood have on women's mental health, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding and reevaluation of these traditional constructs in society.

The effect of exposure to emotional violence on sexual function, sexual quality of life and psychological well-being in women: Structural equation modeling

Emotional violence is all of the destructive behaviors that humiliate the individual and cause him/her to feel under pressure to disrupt mental health. These destructive behaviors can affect women's sexuality. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of exposure to emotional violence on sexual function, sexual life quality, and psychological well-being in women. The study was conducted in a descriptive and relational screening model. The sample of the study consisted of 213 women. Personal information forms, the female sexual function index, the sexual quality of life questionnaire, the exposure to emotional violence scale, and the psychological well-being scale were used in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the direct and indirect predictive power of the independent variable on the dependent variable.The effect of exposure to emotional violence on psychological well-being (β = −0.323; p < 0.001), and the effect of quality of sexual life on psychological well-being were statistically significant (β =0.315; p < 0.001). Moreover, the effect of exposure to emotional violence on sexual life quality was determined to be statistically significant (β = −0.665; p < 0.001). The effect of quality of sexual life on female sexual function was statistically significant (β = −0.288; p = 0.002). Furthermore, while the effect of psychological well-being on the female sexual function index was not statistically significant (β = −0.101; p = 0.266), the effect of exposure to emotional violence scale on the female sexual function index was statistically significant (β = −0.087; p = 0.373). The mediating role of exposure to emotional violence in the relationship between sexual life quality and psychological well-being was high. Furthermore, the sexual life quality of 43.6 % of women was explained by exposure to emotional violence. On the other hand, 28.7 % of psychological well-being score was explained by the sexual life quality and exposure to emotional violence.

The role of the six factors model of athletic mental energy in mediating athletes’ well-being in competitive sports

In the realm of high-performance sports, athletes often prioritize success at the expense of their well-being. Consequently, sports psychology researchers are now focusing on creating psychological profiles for athletes that can forecast their performance while safeguarding their overall well-being. A recent development in this field is the concept of athletic mental energy (AME), which has been associated with both sporting success and positive emotions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore if AME in athletes can mediate this directly observed relationship between performance and psychological well-being. For stronger predictive validity these relationships were examined across two studies with each involving distinct sets of participants engaged in various sports disciplines, including football, cricket, basketball, archery, and more. The self-report measures of sports performance, athletic mental energy (AME), and psychological well-being (PWB) were administered post-competition on the local, regional, state, national, international, and professional level athletes of age 18 and above. Our study found that both, the affective and cognitive components of AME mediated the athletes’ performance and psychological well–being relationship. Interestingly, the study found no significant gender differences in AME and PWB scores. While family structures didn’t yield significant variations in AME scores, there were some descriptive distinctions in PWB scores across different family structures. Our research offers preliminary evidence suggesting that AME can play a pivotal role in preserving athletes’ psychological well-being following competitive events.

Implicit self-esteem and self-esteem discrepancy predict sensitivity to perceive dynamic facial expressions

The current study examined the relationship between Explicit Self-Esteem (ESE), Implicit Self-Esteem (ISE), and the size of discrepancy between them (SEDS) in relation to sensitivity to emotional facial cues signifying acceptance (happy facial expressions), rejection (angry and disgusted facial expressions), and fear. The results reveal a significant association between ISE and sensitivity to negative emotions, with the SEDS significantly predicting rejection cue sensitivity. Moreover, higher scores in psychological wellbeing were observed in individuals with higher ESE, higher ISE, and smaller ESE-ISE discrepancies. These findings not only support the sociometer theory, but also highlight the complex relationship between self-esteem dimensions, emotional sensitivity, and psychological wellbeing, highlighting the need for a more integrative approach in self-esteem research.

The effect of the compassion levels of healthcare workers on their psychological well-being.

A sense of compassion has a core importance in health service delivery. Research on the psychological impact of being compassionate on healthcare workers is limited. This research aims to examine the effect of compassion levels of healthcare workers on their psychological well-being. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The population of the research consists of health personnel working throughout Ankara, the capital. The study was carried out with 414 healthcare workers. A personal information form, compassion scale and psychological well-being scale were used in the research questionnaire. A positive and significant relationship was found between compassion and psychological well-being scores. It was determined that compassion positively affected psychological well-being levels. The level of compassion showed that there was a significant difference between the groups according to the variables of gender, family structure, job satisfaction and whether they would choose the same profession again. The level of psychological well-being was found to be significantly different between the groups in education, job satisfaction and making the same profession choice again. It is a professional requirement that health professionals in patient care have a sense of compassion and reflect this feeling in their conduct. Research shows that the greater the compassion, the higher the psychological well-being. Therefore, undertaking training initiatives to make healthcare workers more compassionate can contribute to patient care and at the same time to the psychological well-being of healthcare workers.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training (DBT-ST) on Self-Care and Psychological Well-being in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Diabetes is a chronic, multifaceted, threatening disease with significant psychological consequences. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training (DBT-ST) on self-care and psychological well-being in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test with a control group design. The population included all patients with Type 2 diabetes visiting a medical clinic in the city of Sari, among whom 45 were conveniently selected and randomly assigned into two experimental groups (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training) and one control group. Data were collected using the Self-Care Questionnaire (Toobert et al., 2000), and the Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff &amp; Keyes, 1995) at three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, and were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: The results showed that both Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy were effective on the scores of self-care and psychological well-being. However, the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was greater than that of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training on the scores of self-care and psychological well-being. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training, through cognitive coping strategies, can lead to the improvement of psychological indicators and enhance the mental and physical health of patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Study on psychological well-being and its determinants among elderly people attending geriatric clinic at Medical College, Kolkata

Background: Significant growth in the proportion of older people in India will lead to changes in the country’s society. If common psychological problems such as depression and anxiety are not addressed, they can have lasting effects on individuals, particularly older individuals. It has the potential to impair the management of ongoing chronic illnesses and result in both physical and mental limitations. Aims and Objectives: The objective was to assess the psychological well-being (PWB) of the study participants attending the geriatric outpatient department and its contributing factor(s). Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted in the Geriatric Clinic of Medical College, Kolkata, among 301 geriatric people during a 1-year time period. The assessment of PWB was done using Ryff’s PWB scales, 42-item version. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the participants was 66.68 (±6.48) years. The mean PWB score was 156.2 ± 18.6 according to Ryff’s PWB scales. The minimum score was 94, and the maximum score was 226. Poor PWB was seen among 50.8% of the elderly. Conclusion: Poor PWB among seniors and several factors such as current living arrangements, socioeconomic status, employment history, history of recent injury, and patients’ spiritual history play an important role. To handle the issue, new and modified geriatric health policies are very much needed.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 FEAR, DEPRESSION, AND SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Spiritual values and spirituality are crucial in preventing mental issues such as depression and solitude in student life. In this descriptive research, we aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 fear, depression and spiritual well-being in university students. It was a statistically significant difference between the department in which the students are educated and the total levels of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (p&lt;0.05). As students' fear of COVID-19 increased, their psychological well-being scores decreased. Moreover, a statistically significant, moderate and negative relationship was observed between the COVID-19 fear scale and spiritual well-being levels (r=-0.495; p&lt;0.001). It was determined that the 2nd-year students of the First and Emergency Aid Program who attended their clinical practice had higher depression levels and lower spiritual well-being levels compared to other departments. It may be recommended that university students participate in appropriate psychosocial programs aimed at depression and factors that negatively affect their mental health and that these factors be taken into account in school curricula.

Exploring Profile Attributes and Psychosocial Well-Being in Elderly Populations

The study, conducted from April to September 2022 at a Government care home in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, delves into the motivations, challenges, and demographics of care home inmates. Using the Ryff Scale, it assesses psychological well-being, shedding light on the diverse reasons for care home enrolment, including family rejection and financial instability. Inmates face constraints such as loss of control and limited familial support. Through purposeful sampling and comprehensive interviews, the research identifies 60 residents. The study profiles predominantly elderly males with varied educational backgrounds and prevalent health conditions. Psychological well-being scores categorize inmates into low, medium, and high groups, with a majority falling into the medium category. Associations between profile characteristics and well-being highlight the positive impact of education and the negative influence of medical illness. Regression analysis confirms these relationships, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions in care homes to address the specific needs of the diverse inmate population. In conclusion, this study underscores the imperative of prioritizing psychological well-being among older adults and provides actionable insights into the motivations, challenges, and demographics of care home inmates. These findings lay the foundation for targeted interventions globally, aiming to enhance the well-being of this expanding demographic.

TRANSITIONS TO LIVING ALONE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS IN THE U.S: ARE THERE ANY RACE DISPARITIES?

Abstract We extend the existing literature on living alone and psychological well-being in older adults by focusing on the transition process from other living arrangements to living alone. We examine how transitioning to living alone is associated with psychological well-being scores (measured by 21-item Ryff Measures of Psychological Well-being) and how the associations vary across racial and ethnic groups. Using data from 2016 and 2020 Health and Retirement Study, we specify the transitions to living alone from four living arrangements: living with spouse/partner only, living with spouse/partner and older parents, living with a spouse/partner, children, and parents, and living with others. Respondents consistently living alone were the reference group. Our analysis involves adults aged 50 and above (n=3160). After controlling for final psychological well-being scores and adjusting for age, gender, marital status, and education in 2016, results from multiple linear regression models suggest that the transitions from living with spouse/partner only to living alone are associated with significantly lower scores of psychological well-being (β= -1.71, p&amp;lt;.01) than those consistently living alone. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between individuals transitioning from the other three living arrangements to living alone and those consistently living alone. The moderation effect shows that older Blacks experienced increased psychological well-being when transitioning from living with a spouse/partner to living alone (β=2.26) while their White counterparts had decreased psychological well-being during the same transition. This underscores the significance of the transition experience and emphasizes race disparities in its association with psychological health outcomes.

In the Words of Early Adolescents: A Novel Assessment of Positive Psychological Well-Being Predicts Young Adult Depressive Symptoms

PurposeGiven the burden of depression in young adulthood, identifying protective early life factors is important. Protective factors like positive psychological well-being may be challenging to assess via conventional methods if early adolescents lack personal insight or informants disagree. We investigated whether essays written by 11-year-olds could indicate the presence of positive psychological well-being and predict depressive symptom levels in young adulthood, beyond informant reports of problematic behaviors. MethodsData were from 4,599 individuals in the 1958 National Child Development Study who wrote an essay at age 11 about how they imagined their life at age 25. Coders rated essays for seven facets of positive psychological well-being, which were averaged together (α = 0.92). Participants self-reported depressive symptoms (yes/no) at age 23 on the 24-item Malaise Inventory. Depressive symptoms were modeled as a sum, both continuously (range = 0–24) and dichotomously (depressed: total scores ≥8). Linear and logistic regressions adjusted for relevant age 11 covariates including teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing behaviors. ResultsUnadjusted logistic regression showed a 1-SD higher positive psychological well-being score in early adolescence was associated with reduced odds of being depressed 12 years later (odds ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [0.75, 0.93], p = .001). Associations remained when adjusting for all covariates (odds ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [0.78, 0.98], p = .02); patterns were similar with continuous depressive symptoms. DiscussionA well-being measure derived from the words of 11-year-olds was associated with young adult depressive symptoms independent of teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Incorporating early adolescents' perspectives on positive functioning provides valuable information about current and future health beyond problem behaviors.

Insights for enhancing resilience in prolonged crises: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on nurses’ quality of life

Aims and backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse effects on nurses, impacting them physically, mentally and psychosocially. These effects stem from heightened workloads, fears of contracting a life-threatening illness due...

Effect of Immersive Virtual Reality Reminiscence versus Traditional Reminiscence Therapy on Cognitive Function and Psychological Well-being among Older Adults in Assisted Living Facilities: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundVirtual reality (VR) reminiscence is an innovative strategy that integrates technology into the care of older adults. Limited research was conducted to compare the role of VR reminiscence and traditional RT in improving older adults' cognitive and psychological well-being. AimInvestigate the effect of virtual reality reminiscence versus traditional reminiscence therapy on cognitive function and psychological well-being among older adults in assisted living facilities. MethodsA randomized controlled trial research design was followed. Sixty older adults were recruited and randomly assigned to three equal groups (20 older adults for each group). ResultsPost interventions, a significant increase in the mean scores of cognitive function and psychological well-being was evident among the VR and RT groups with statistically significant differences (P <0.05) compared with pre-intervention and the control group. ConclusionApplication of VR reminiscence or traditional RT is efficacious in improving cognitive function and psychological well-being among institutionalized older adults.