Psychological Well-being Of Pregnant Women Research Articles

Assessment of the Level of Awareness among Pregnant Women Regarding Antenatal Care Services at the Selected Upazila Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is a critical component of maternal and child health care, focusing on the medical and psychological well-being of pregnant women from conception to the onset of labor. Therefore, awareness among pregnant women regarding antenatal care services is crucial. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness among pregnant women regarding Antenatal Care Services. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at 3 upazillas of Kishorganj district to assess the level of satisfaction of pregnant women regarding antenatal care at selected upazilla health complex during covid-19 pandemic. A total of 163 pregnant women were interviewed from 3 upazilla health complex, Kishorganj were included in this study. Result: Most pregnant women visiting the upazilla health complex were aged 18-23 (54.6%), with a mean age of 23.38 years (SD ±3.659). Information about the complex's services was primarily received from healthcare personnel (70.6%). The majority found the complex consistently open (97.5%), providing satisfactory care (89%). Most respondents (81%) received all necessary medicines, and 77.3% confirmed the availability of medical instruments. Awareness of antenatal care services was high, majority knew about pregnancy registration and check-ups. Among the respondents 51.5% were good aware and nearly half of respondents (48.5%) were poor aware about ANC related services provided from upazilla health complex. Conclusion: The findings of the current study indicate a strong awareness of antenatal care services among the majority of respondents.

The Impact of Medical Physical Training and a Structured Personalized Exercise Training Program on Hemodynamic Parameters and Arterial Stiffness in Pregnant Women.

In developed countries, heart disease is the primary cause of maternal mortality during pregnancy. Arterial stiffness, an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular complications, can be assessed using the augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate diverse hemodynamic parameters and arterial stiffness in pregnant women before and after participating in a structured, personalized exercise training program. Forty healthy pregnant women, non-smokers, who agreed to participate daily for 12 weeks in a physical exercise training program under the supervision of a team made up of an obstetrician, a cardiologist, and a physiotherapist were included. Anthropometric characteristics, arterial function, and physical activity data were collected from the participants at two different time points: at the beginning of the exercise training program (T0) and at the end, after 12 weeks (T1). Upon conducting a statistical analysis, it was discovered that there were noteworthy disparities (p = 0.05) in body mass index, brachial AIx, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure values between the two time points. The regression analysis for the AIx brachial values and the PWVao values from Trim II (T0) and Trim III (T1) showed major differences between these two time points; the association between the AIx brachial values in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy revealed a strong direct significant correlation (p < 0.001), and the correlation between the PWVao values in the second (T0) and third trimester (T1) of pregnancy was weak and insignificant (p = 0.12). The findings of our study indicate that a personalized exercise training program positively impacts the physical and psychological well-being of pregnant women, leading to a reduction in PWV.

The relationship between family resilience and the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of pregnant women: the mediating role of individual resilience

BackgroundPregnancy period is an important experience in the life process of married women, which leads them to growth and development and is considered as a part of the puberty process. The aim of this research is to determine the mediating role of individual resilience in relation to family resilience, psychological well-being and life satisfaction of the pregnant women. The current study is correlational according to the practical purpose and based on data collection.MethodesThe study population of the current research is all pregnant women in 2021, and 361 of them responded to the self-report questionnaires of family resilience, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and individual resilience. To analysis the model, the path analysis method was used utilization spss-26 and Lisrel 10.2 software.ResultsThe results show a good fit of the model with the data. The results also showed a direct and significant effect between life satisfaction with obligation (β = 0.22 and t = 3.42), with challenge (β = 0.28 and t = 3.98), with control (β = 0.11 and t = 2.13), psychological well-being with obligation (β = 0.20 and t = 3.11), with challenge (β = 0.20 and t = 2.73) and with control (β = 0.45 and t = 10.34).ConclusionThe upshot of this research can be considered in interventions related to pregnant women. Strengthening resilience in this group can be useful for increasing life satisfaction and psychological well-being of pregnant women.

Sleep, light exposure at night, and psychological wellbeing during pregnancy

BackgroundPsychological wellbeing during pregnancy is imperative for optimal maternal outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the association between sleep quality, light exposure at night, and psychological wellbeing in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in 9 randomly selected government maternity clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Healthy women aged 20–48 years old with single pregnancy were recruited using convenience sampling (n = 169). Sleep quality, light exposure at night, and psychological wellbeing were self-reported using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Harvard Light Exposure Assessment (H-LEA), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in the 2nd trimester and followed-up at the 3rd trimester.ResultsDuring the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, mild to severe symptoms of stress (10.7 and 11.3%), anxiety (42 and 44.3%), and depression (9.6 and 16.6%) were observed among the participants. Adjusted multiple linear regression revealed that poor sleep quality and higher light exposure at night were attributed to greater stress and depression symptoms in the 3rd trimester. Higher lux level exposed from 10 pm to < 1 am was associated with increased stress (β = 0.212, p = 0.037) and depression (β = 0.228, p = 0.024). Only poor sleep quality was observed to adversely affect anxiety (β = 0.243, p = 0.002) and depression levels (β = 0.259, p = 0.001) in the 2nd trimester.ConclusionsPresent study provided preliminary findings on the association between sleep quality, light at night, and psychological wellbeing of pregnant women. As a recommendation, future research could investigate whether public health interventions aimed at decreasing artificial light at night can benefit sleep quality and the psychological health of pregnant women.

Psychological Well-being during Pregnancy: The Contribution of Stress Factors and Maternal-Fetal Bonding

ABSTRACT Background Pregnancy and anticipation of the birth of the first child is considered a happy and exciting time. However, the stress involved in pregnancy has been found to put women at greater risk of impaired psychological well-being, or higher distress. Confusion in the theoretical literature between the terms ‘stress’ and ‘distress’ makes it difficult to understand the underlying mechanism that may enhance or reduce psychological well-being. We suggest that maintaining this theoretical distinction and examining stress from different sources, may allow us to gain new knowledge regarding the psychological well-being of pregnant women. Objective Drawing on the Calming Cycle Theory, to examine a moderated mediation model for the explanation of the dynamic between two stress factors (COVID−19-related anxiety and pregnancy stress) that may pose a risk to psychological well-being, as well as the protective role of maternal-fetal bonding. Methods The sample consisted of 1,378 pregnant women who were expecting their first child, recruited through social media and completed self-report questionnaires. Results The higher the COVID−19-related anxiety, the higher the pregnancy stress, which, in turn, was associated with lower psychological well-being. However, this effect was weaker among women who reported greater maternal-fetal bonding. Conclusion The study expands knowledge of the dynamic between stress factors and psychological well-being during pregnancy, and sheds light on the unexplored role of maternal-fetal bonding as a protective factor against stress.

The direct and mediating effect of social support on health-related quality of life during pregnancy among Australian women

BackgroundPrenatal stress can have a negative effect on the quality of life (QoL) of pregnant women. Social support plays a vital role in improving the psychological well-being of pregnant women by enhancing their stress-coping ability. The current study assessed the association between social support and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as well as the mediating role of social support in the linkage between perceived stress and HRQoL among pregnant Australian women.MethodsSecondary data was obtained from 493 women who reported being pregnant in survey six of the 1973–78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). Social support and perceived stress were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Index (MOS-SSS-19) and the Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. The Mental Component Scale (MCS) and Physical Component Scale (PCS) of the SF-36 were used to examine the mental and physical HRQoL. A mediation model was used to examine the mediating effect of social support in the relationship between perceived stress and HRQoL. A multivariate quantile regression (QR) model was used to assess the association between social support and HRQoL after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultThe mean age of the pregnant women was 35.8 years. The mediational analysis revealed that emotional/informational support (β= -1.53; 95% CI: -2.36, -0.78), tangible support (β= -0.64; 95% CI: -1.29, -0.09), and affectionate support/positive social interaction (β= -1.33; 95% CI: -2.25, -0.48), played a significant mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress and mental health-related QoL. In addition, perceived stress had a significant indirect effect on mental health-related QoL through overall social support (β = -1.38; 95% CI: -2.28, -0.56), and the mediator accounted for approximately 14.3% of the total effect. The multivariate QR analysis indicated that all the domains of social support and overall social support scores were positively associated with higher MCS scores (p < 0.05). However, social support was found to have no significant association with PCS (p > 0.05).ConclusionSocial support plays a direct and mediating role in improving the HRQoL of pregnant Australian women. Maternal health professionals need to consider social support as an essential tool to improve the HRQoL of pregnant women. Further, as part of routine antenatal care activity, assessing pregnant women’s level of social support is beneficial.

Well-being in Pregnancy. Parameters that Can be Considered in Prenatal SEL Programs

This study is among those interested in psychological well-being in pregnant women, exploring the explanatory value for well-being of some parameters such as health consciousness, prenatal expectations, self-perception, taking into account age, and the existence of a preference for birth through caesarean section. In this study voluntarily participated 197 pregnant women (aged between 17 and 46). The questionnaires used were entered in an online form, this form was posted on Facebook groups specific to pregnant women, regardless of age or trimester. In agreement with the first hypothesis (H1) of our study, a significant positive relationship was measured between psychological well-being and health consciousness (c' = .155, p = .0236 &lt; .050). It was also found that health consciousness explains psychological well-being (c' = .155; p = .0236&lt;.050; [.0845; 1.1601]) and prenatal expectations has a partial mediator role in this relationship (a2*b2 = .046, 95 % CI [.0069, .0957]), confirming the hypothesis H2. Moreover, the hypothesis that age (r= .221; p = .0003 &lt; .050) and preference for cesarean (r=-.185; p=. 0026 &lt; .050) are significant covariates of the psychological well-being of pregnant women was confirmed (H4). Our study analyzed the factors that lead to psychological well-being of pregnant women, that would improve the development of the fetus and at the same time a positive development of social emotional learning (SEL) programs.

Analysis of structural equations in relation to marital conflicts and emotional security with perceived stress and pregnancy worries mediated by psychological well-being in pregnant women

Analysis of structural equations in relation to marital conflicts and emotional security with perceived stress and pregnancy worries mediated by psychological well-being in pregnant women

Anxiety and depression among pregnant women undergoing IVF-ET and WeChat group peer support during the COVID-19 pandemic: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

The psychological well-being of pregnant women following assisted reproductive has increasingly gained attention in recent years. Anxiety and depression may be associated to pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to determine whether peer support and the WeChat group platform will reduce anxiety and depression among in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) women. In the present randomized controlled study, 296 patients with confirmed clinical pregnancy following IVF-ET will be randomly assigned to receive standard intervention support or WeChat peer support on a 1:1 basis. The levels of anxiety and depression are the primary endpoints. Assessments will be performed at baseline measurements, first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester, and data will be collected. This study has been approved as ethical by the affiliated hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine's Reproductive Ethics Committee. Each patient will sign a written statement of informed permission. All information and biological samples will be legally protected. A peer-reviewed academic journal will publish the findings of this investigation. Given the inconvenience of visits due to the current pandemic of COVID-19, this study addresses the patient's visit needs by combining WeChat, the most widely used social software in China, with peer support, while helping improve maternal anxiety, depression, and pregnancy outcomes following IVF-ET.

Stress, anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological well-being characteristics of pregnant women with and without threatened miscarriage: a case-control study

The aim of this study was to examine the stress, anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological well-being of pregnant women with and without threatened miscarriage. This is a case-control study. The research was carried out between January 2022 and March 2022 in the early pregnancy service and obstetrics clinic of the only training and research hospital in a province in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Two hundred and one pregnant women with threatened miscarriage constituted the study group and 201 pregnant women without threatened miscarriage constituted the control group. A total of 402 pregnant women were included in the study. Stress, anxiety, and intolerance of uncertainty were found to be important risk factors affecting the psychological well-being of pregnant women with threatened miscarriage at a rate of 52% (F = 63,196, p < 0.001). In addition, the pregnant women with threatened miscarriage had higher levels of stress, anxiety, and intolerance of uncertainty, and their psychological well-being was considerably lower compared to pregnant women without threatened miscarriage (p < 0.05). There was a moderate and negative relationship between psychological well-being and intolerance of uncertainty (p < 0.05). It was determined that stress, anxiety, and uncertainty of pregnant women with threatened miscarriage were considerably higher compared to controls, and their psychological well-being was adversely affected. Health professionals should evaluate the levels of anxiety, stress, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological well-being of pregnant women, especially in the routine follow-up of pregnant women with threatened miscarriage, and they should provide holistic care, not only physiologically but also bio-psychosocially. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Although there are many studies on the emotional and psychological effects of miscarriage, there are limited studies on the effect of threatened miscarriage on the mental health of pregnant women. What do the results of this study add? Stress, anxiety, and intolerance to uncertainty were found to be important associated risk factors that negatively affect the psychological well-being of pregnant women with threatened miscarriage. It was determined that the pregnant women with threatened miscarriage had higher levels of stress, anxiety, intolerance to uncertainty, and their psychological well-being was much lower than the pregnant women without threatened miscarriage. It was determined that there was a moderate and negative relationship between the mean psychological well-being of pregnant women and the mean scores of intolerance to uncertainty. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This is the first case-control study to examine the determination of stress, anxiety, intolerance to uncertainty and psychological well-being of pregnant women with and without threatened miscarriage. Health professionals should evaluate the anxiety, stress, intolerance of uncertainty levels and psychological well-being of pregnant women, especially in the routine follow-up of risky pregnant women, and should provide holistic care not only physiologically but also bio-psychosocially to these pregnant women with a holistic approach.

Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of pregnant women in Punjab, Pakistan

Background: Maternal depression and anxiety can predispose the women to higher risk of complications. The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique stressor which may affect the mental and psychological well-being of pregnant women. Aim: To determine prevalence of depression and anxiety and related factors in pregnant women during COVID-19. Methods: This multicenter analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2021 to December 2021 in six cities of Pakistan. Two stage sampling technique was used to include sample of 400 pregnant women. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Corona virus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to measure depression and anxiety level along with self-constructed questionnaire to record socio-demographic profile. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 23. Association between variables was assessed by applying Chi square test and strength of association was measured by binary logistic regression. p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Mean age of participants was 27.25±5.22 years. The mean gestational age was 23.5±9.6 weeks. About 37.1% had mild depression. Moderate depression was found in 7.8% and moderately severe depression in 0.5% participants. Significant association was found between depression and no physical activity (p value=0.02), not having spouse support (p value=0.03), perceived vulnerability to get COVID (p value=0.004) and fear of infection to baby (p value=0.05). Only 3.25% participants had dysfunctional anxiety. Conclusion: Findings of the study would be helpful for policy makers to launch health awareness campaigns about regular physical activity, role of social support and seeking medical advice for mental well-being during pregnancy. Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, Mental health, Pregnancy

Comparison of Blood Glucose Level in Different Trimester with Stress, Anxiety Depression among Young Pregnant Females

Background: Psychological health affects numerous physiological processes of the body. The psychological well-being of pregnant women is a global concern. Aim: To compare the blood glucose level (random) in normal versus stress, depression and anxiety among pregnant women (Trimester wise) in district Hyderabad. Methods: A cross-sectional study (survey-based) was conducted in a fixed time frame. The pregnant women were randomly selected and segregated into three groups (trimester wise). The sample size (n) was 123. Random blood glucose level was measured by using the check UC-1001. Stress, anxiety and depression were analyzed by using a valid questionnaire DASS-21. Student t-test was employed as appropriate. Data is shown as mean±standard deviation. Results: Blood glucose level was observed significantly higher (P-value: 0.0004, 0.009 and 0.046) in stressed women (137.82 ±28.94, 142.60 ±40.34 and 126.82 ±35.92) as compared to normal (107.6 ±18.01, 115.05 ± 18.68 and 105.53 ±21.56). Similarly, the blood glucose level was observed higher (P- values: 0.043, 0.065 and 0.078 in depressed women (128.62 ±29.85, 136.79 ±37.10 and 122.44 ±33.41) as compared to normal (105.62 ±13.71, 112.22 ±24.60 and 101.22 ±18.66). An elevated blood glucose level (P-value in First, Second and Third trimester was 0.230, 0.065 and 0.900 respectively) was observed in those who were suffering from Anxiety (125.63 ±29.27, 136.79 ±37.10 and 121.81 ±32.36) as compared to those whose blood glucose level is normal (107.25 ±17.85, 112.22 ±24.61 and 123.66 ±37.04). Conclusion: An elevated blood glucose level was observed in all three trimesters in stressed, depressed and anxious pregnant women. Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Blood Glucose. Trimester

COVID-19 in the context of pregnancy, infancy and parenting (CoCoPIP) study: protocol for a longitudinal study of parental mental health, social interactions, physical growth and cognitive development of infants during the pandemic

IntroductionWhile the secondary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of pregnant women and parents has become apparent over the past year, the impact of these changes on...

The Examination of Psychological Well-Being in Pregnant Women in Terms of Demographic and Pregnancy-Related Features and Self-Compassion

The Examination of Psychological Well-Being in Pregnant Women in Terms of Demographic and Pregnancy-Related Features and Self-Compassion

Psychological well-being of women at high risk of spontaneous preterm birth cared for in a specialised preterm birth clinic: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

ObjectivesTo assess the psychological well-being of pregnant women at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth, and the impact of care from a preterm birth clinic.DesignSingle-centre longitudinal cohort study over 1 year, 2018–2019.SettingTertiary maternity hospital in Auckland, New Zealand.ParticipantsPregnant women at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth receiving care in a preterm birth clinic.InterventionParticipants completed three sets of questionnaires (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and 36-Item Short Form Survey)—prior to their first, after their second, and after their last clinic appointments. Study-specific questionnaires explored pregnancy-related anxiety and perceptions of care.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the mean State-Anxiety score. Secondary outcomes included depression and quality of life measures.Results73/97 (75.3%) eligible women participated; 41.1% had a previous preterm birth, 31.5% a second trimester loss and 28.8% cervical surgery; 20.6% had a prior mental health condition. 63/73 (86.3%) women completed all questionnaires. The adjusted mean state-anxiety score was 39.0 at baseline, which decreased to 36.5 after the second visit (difference −2.5, 95% CI −5.5 to 0.5, p=0.1) and to 32.6 after the last visit (difference −3.9 from second visit, 95% CI −6.4 to −1.5, p=0.002). Rates of anxiety (state-anxiety score >40) and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score >12) were 38.4%, 34.8%, 19.0% and 13.7%, 8.7%, 9.5% respectively, at the same time periods. Perceptions of care were favourable; 88.9% stated the preterm birth clinic made them significantly or somewhat less anxious and 87.3% wanted to be seen again in a future pregnancy.ConclusionsWomen at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth have high levels of anxiety. Psychological well-being improved during the second trimester; women perceived that preterm birth clinic care reduced pregnancy-related anxiety. These findings support the ongoing use and development of preterm birth clinics.

Exacerbation and severity of allergic symptoms during pregnancy and their impact on mental health

Background:Pregnant women with allergies face difficulties, as they tend to avoid medication for symptom control during pregnancy. Moreover, some women experience exacerbations during this period. These difficulties can affect their mental health.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing allergy exacerbations during pregnancy and examine the effects of allergy symptoms on the mental health of pregnant women.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted through web-based research in March 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Pregnant women were collected from 3 groups (target: 150 participants in each group): atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis, and without allergies. We evaluated mental health using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and health-related quality of life using the Short Form-8 questionnaire.Results:Overall, 202 (49.1%) of 411 pregnant women had depressive symptoms, and 45 (10.9%) had severe depressive symptoms. Women with allergies had significantly worse mental health than those without allergies. Among 119 AD patients, 36 (30.3%) experienced exacerbations during pregnancy. Of them, 11 (30.6%) did not consult a practitioner and endured the exacerbation. A significant association was observed between severe prepregnancy symptoms, job situation, coping with symptoms of AD during pregnancy, and AD exacerbation. Among 210 rhinitis patients, 17.1% experienced rhinitis exacerbation during pregnancy. The presence of rhinitis symptoms in winter and the second trimester was significantly associated with exacerbation.Conclusion:This study revealed higher rates of depressive symptoms among pregnant women with allergies. The psychological well-being of pregnant women with AD or allergic rhinitis should be considered.

Effect of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program on stress, anxiety, and childbirth fear in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the effectiveness of a live online Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program in preventing distress, anxiety and childbirth fear in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19. Material and methodsDesigned as a randomized-controlled trial, this study was performed with the participation of pregnant women who were diagnosed with COVID-19. The sample comprised 84 pregnant women, including 42 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group. The online MBSR program composed of eight sessions and lasting four weeks was provided to the pregnant women in the experimental group, whereas such an initiative was not provided to the control group. The data were collected via the Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (NuPDQ), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire (CAQ). ResultsAfter the MBSR program, the mean NuPDQ, BAI and CAQ scores of the pregnant women in the experimental group were significantly lower than the mean scores of those in the control group (p < 0.001). ConclusionThe online MBSR program may be utilized to reduce the distress, anxiety and childbirth fear levels of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19. By using the MBSR program, health professionals might improve the psychological well-being of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.

Impact of urinary incontinence on anxiety status during pregnancy: A prospective case–control study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of the presence and severity of urinary incontinence (UI) on pregnancy-related anxiety. Study designThis prospective case–control study included 160 pregnant women. Pregnant women with UI (n = 80) were compared with continent pregnant women (n = 80; control group) in terms of scores on the Incontinence Consultation Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2) scale. Gynaecological examination was performed, and pelvic organ prolapse was diagnosed using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system. UI was classified as stress UI (SUI), urge UI (UUI) or mixed UI (MUI). ResultsThe total PRAQ-R2 score was significantly higher in all pregnant women with UI, as well as the UI subgroups, compared with the control group [mean ± standard deviation; 21.77 ± 8.1 (UI), 19.39 ± 6 (SUI), 20.13 ± 7.2 (UUI) and 28.1 ± 9.5 (MUI) vs 15.76 ± 5.9 (control group); p < 0.0001, p = 0.002, p = 0.012 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Significant positive correlation was found between the total ICIQ-SF and total PRAQ-R2 scores (r = 0.533; p < 0.0001). The score for the fear of giving birth domain in PRAQ-R2 was higher in women with SUI and MUI compared with the control group (9.5 ± 4 and 11.1 ± 2.6 vs 5.43 ± 2.4; p < 0.0001). Concern about own appearance was greater in the UUI and MUI groups compared with the control group (9.68 ± 4.5 and 7.8 ± 3.1 vs 4.85 ± 2.3; p < 0.0001). ConclusionTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to report the impact of the presence and severity of UI on pregnancy-related anxiety. The current findings show that anxiety may be an important psychosocial consequence of UI in pregnancy. This may lead to a clinical approach focusing on both the physical and psychological well-being of pregnant women with UI.

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF PREGNANT WOMEN DURING THE WAR

Armed conflicts are an extremely stressful event and have not only socioeconomic problems, but also negative consequences for the social and mental of people’s health. Nowadays, due to the war, almost all the population of Ukraine was in stress conditions. But, in our opinion, the conditions of war will have a particularly negative impact on the level of anxiety and psychological pregnant women well-being. Since the state of pregnancy itself, even under favorable external conditions, causes serious changes not only to the body of women, but also in its way of life and perception of the world and makes the woman more vulnerable and more susceptible to the influence of the environment. And the results of this stress can have consequences for two generations – both for mother and child. Therefore, our research is devoted to influence of anxiety on psychological state and subjective well-being of pregnant women. In order to study the variables selected by theoretical analysis, the following methods to measure the level of anxiety, the level of psychological well-being and determine the type of psychological component of gestational dominance (PCGD) were used. The Spielberger-Hanin test was used to measure anxiety. Psychological wellbeing was studied using the C. Ryff questionnaire adapted by S.V. Karskanova. To determine the type of pregnancy experience, the V.I. Dobryakov pregnant woman attitude test was used, revealing the types of PCGD: optimal, hypogestognostic, euphoric, anxious, depressive. As to the level of anxiety, the non-pregnant group showed a moderate reactive anxiety level, whereas in the pregnant group it was high. Both groups showed moderate (average) levels of personal anxiety. Measurement on the reactive anxiety self-assessment scale revealed statistically significant differences between groups (p &lt; 0,01). The level of psychological well-being of pregnant women was 8,02% lower than the level of psychological well-being of non-pregnant women. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p &lt; 0,05), which confirms our hypothesis that pregnancy in the conditions of war negatively affects the level of psychological well-being.

The effect of the characteristics of pregnant women and stress on the psychological well-being

Introduction: Pregnancy affects physical and psychological changes. Especially during the Covid-19 period, there is a possibility of stress. The health problems of pregnant women that are not handled optimally are related to psychological problems, this will affect the success of the postpartum period, including during the breastfeeding process. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to stress conditions in pregnant women which will affect the psychological well-being of pregnant women. Objective: to determine the characteristics of the mother and the stress of pregnant women affects psychological well-being. Method: observational analysis with a cross-sectional design. The research population of pregnant women in the antenatal class with a sample of 60 people with data collection techniques using systematic random sampling. The results showed: there was an effect of maternal characteristics (age, gestational age, parity) on psychological well-being. And there is the effect of stress on psychological well-being with a p value of 0.000.