Psychological Well-being In Young Adults Research Articles

Family functioning, family relationship problems, and psychological wellbeing among young adults

The study aims to examine the relationship between family functioning, family relationship problems, and psychological well-being among young adults in the southern region of India. The data was collected from a total 265 young adults aged 18 – 26 years old, through both online and offline means i.e. hybrid method was used. Using a quantitative non-experimental design, employing correlation analysis, data was analyzed. The measures that were used in the study were Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES III), the Index of Family Relations (IFR), and Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale (PWB) – 42items. The finding of the study show that there was indeed a significant relationship between family cohesion, a subdomain in family functioning and the domains of psychological wellbeing. However, no significant relationship was observed between family adaptability, another subdomain in family functioning and the domains psychological well-being. Conversely, family relationship problems showed a significant negative correlation with various aspects of psychological well-being, indicating that higher levels of family conflict were associated with lower levels of psychological well-being. In conclusion, the findings underscore the importance of addressing family dynamics and conflict resolution strategies to promote the psychological well-being of young adults.

To Explore the Role of Family Environment in Shaping Narcissistic Personality among Male and Female

This review paper explores the intricate relationship between family dynamics and the development of narcissistic traits in college students. It highlights how parental influences, such as excessive praise or a lack of constructive criticism, contribute to the emergence of narcissistic behaviors, including grandiose narcissism characterized by aggression and dominance. Conversely, environments devoid of critical feedback may foster defensiveness and an inflated sense of self-importance. The study emphasizes the importance of recognizing individual differences and the risks associated with excessively inflated self-worth. Additionally, gender differences in expressing narcissistic traits are examined, advocating for further research into environmental influences and the development of tailored interventions to support the psychological well-being of young adults in academic settings.

Long-term pulmonary outcomes of young adults born prematurely: a Polish prospective cohort study PREMATURITAS 20

BackgroundThe long-term consequences of prematurity are often not sufficiently recognized. To address this gap, a prospective cohort study, which is a continuation of the multicenter Polish study PREMATURITAS, was conducted, utilizing unique clinical data from 20 years ago.ObjectiveThe main goal was to evaluate lung function, detect any structural abnormalities using lung ultrasound, and assess psychological well-being in young adults born between 24 and 34 weeks of gestational age (GA). Additionally, the study aimed to investigate potential associations between perinatal risk factors and abnormalities observed in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) during adulthood.MethodsThe young survivors underwent a comprehensive set of PFTs, a lung ultrasound, along with the quality of life assessment. Information regarding the neonatal period and respiratory complications was obtained from the baseline data collected in the PREMATURITAS study.ResultsA total of 52 young adults, with a mean age of 21.6 years, underwent PFTs. They were divided into two groups based on GA: 24–28 weeks (n = 12) and 29–34 weeks (n = 40). The subgroup born more prematurely had significantly higher lung clearance index (LCI), compared to the other subgroup (p = 0.013). LCI ≥ 6.99 was more frequently observed in the more premature group (50% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.005), those who did not receive prenatal steroids (p = 0.020), with a diagnosis of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (p = 0.034), those who received surfactant (p = 0.026), and mechanically ventilated ≥ 7 days (p = 0.005). Additionally, elevated LCI was associated with the diagnosis of asthma (p = 0.010).ConclusionsThe findings suggest pulmonary effects due to prematurity persist into adulthood and their insult on small airway function. Regular follow-up evaluations of young survivors born preterm should include assessments of PFTs. Specifically, the use of LCI can provide valuable insights into long-term pulmonary impairment.

Personal Growth Initiative, Resilience and Psychological Wellbeing in Young Adults of Pakistan

This study determined the link between personal growth initiative, resilience, and psychological well-being among young adults in the uncertain social context of Pakistan. N= (300), aged between 19 and 30 years, were recruited from different universities in Lahore, Pakistan. A convenience sampling methodology was adopted for the survey. The results demonstrated that personal growth initiative and resilience predicted and positively correlated with psychological well-being. This study found no significant differences in the basis of gender between male and female adults in terms of personal growth initiative and resilience. Therefore, a difference of moderate practical significance was shown for psychological well-being between male and female students. This study contributes to the literature and body of knowledge on personal growth initiative, resilience, and psychological well-being through the lens of uncertainty posed by the social context of Pakistan. It has the potential to enrich the discourse on developmental studies. Furthermore, the findings inform the development of effective interventions that could address the needs of young adults in maintaining their psychological well-being.

Psychological approaches to obesity in young adults: state of the art.

Obesity has become a significant health concern among young adults aged 18-35 years. Addressing this issue is crucial, and exploring psychological treatments and perspectives specifically for this population is essential. This literature review examines psychological treatments for obesity in young adults over the past decade. It focuses on interventions and discussions particularly relevant to this age group. Research on obesity often overlooks young adults, with most interventions primarily focusing on weight loss and neglecting emotional aspects. Cognitive-behavioral approaches are commonly used for self-regulation and motivation, but psychodynamic perspectives remain underutilized. While group-based methods lack a detailed analysis of benefits, hybrid approaches demonstrate higher engagement compared to technology-only interventions. There is a notable gap in tailoring obesity interventions to meet the unique needs of young adults during this transitional life phase. It's imperative to shift the focus from merely weight loss to a broader consideration of psychological, emotional, and unconscious factors. Integrating group modalities with psychodynamic approaches might offer additional benefits. This review highlights the need for further research into the psychological well-being of young adults with obesity. A more comprehensive approach is required to address their distinct needs and psychological factors.

Development of a Causal Model of Perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Psychological Distress, Emotional Processing, and Self-Control with the Mediation of Psychological Well-Being in Young Adults

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a causal model of perception of the COVID-19 pandemic based on psychological distress, emotional processing, and self-control, with the mediation of psychological well-being in young adults. Methods and Materials: This study is applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive-correlational in terms of its study type, and field study in terms of data collection. The statistical population included the youth of Tabriz city. This group consists of all residents of Tabriz. The sample size was determined to be 385 individuals using convenience sampling, based on Cochran's formula (in an infinite population) (Erikson's theory considers youth age to range from 19 to 30 years). The instruments used in this study for data collection were the Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire, Psychological Distress Scale by Kessler et al. (2002), Emotional Processing Scale by Baker et al. (2010), Self-Control Scale by Tangney et al. (2004), and Psychological Well-Being Scale by Ryff (1989). Findings: The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological distress and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults, whereas this relationship between emotional processing, self-control, and psychological well-being with the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults is negative and significant. Additionally, based on the research findings, it can be stated that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological distress and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic with the mediation of psychological well-being in young adults, but there is a negative and significant relationship between emotional processing, self-control, and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic with the mediation of psychological well-being in young adults. Conclusion: The results confirm the suitability of the causal model of perception of the COVID-19 pandemic based on psychological distress, emotional processing, and self-control with the mediation of psychological well-being.

Effects of Relationship-Centered Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation on Psychological Well-Being in Young Adults

This study aims to examine the relationships between emotion regulation difficulties, relationship-centered obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and psychological well-being. The study's second objective is to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between relationship-centered obsessive-compulsive symptoms and psychological well-being. The participants comprised 191 individuals (152 females and 39 males) aged 18 to 25 (M=21.96, SD=1.78) who lived in Turkey and had been in a romantic relationship for at least one month between 2021 and 2022. In the study, participants were administered a Personal Information Form, the Short Form of the Emotion Regulation Difficulties Scale, the Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, and the Multidimensional Psychological Well-Being Scale. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between relationship-centered obsessive-compulsive symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties. Moreover, a significant negative relationship was found between emotion regulation difficulties and relationship-centered obsessive-compulsive symptoms and psychological well-being. Additionally, the variables were found to significantly predict psychological well-being in a negative direction, explaining 22% of the variance. According to the mediation analysis, emotion regulation difficulties play a partial mediating role in the relationship between relationship-centered obsessive-compulsive symptoms and psychological well-being. This study is expected to contribute to understanding the etiology and treatment of romantic relationship-centered obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Effects of Reduced and Altered Use of Social Networking Sites— A Randomized Controlled Study

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the effects of changes in both quantity and quality of use of social networking sites (SNS) on measures of anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, loneliness, problematic social media use, and present focused awareness. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to three different conditions: reducing SNS time to 30 minutes per day, using SNS passively; and a control condition. Results: The results indicated that both reduced and altered SNS use had significant positive effects on present focused awareness and reductions in problematic social media use. In addition, reduced SNS use led to reductions in symptoms of stress and depression, as well as increases in self-esteem. Discussion: The study provides experimental support for the hypothesis that reduced use of social networking sites leads to positive effects on measures of psychological well-being in young adults.

Appearance Related Commentary, Self-Objectification and Psychological Well-being in Young Adults

Appearance related comments and self-objectification seem very dominant in media and real life. Appearance related comments and self-objectification definitely influence psychological wellbeing of individuals especially adolescents and Young adults. The present study was designed to study the relationship between appearance-related comments, self-objectification and psychological well-being in young adults. Purposive sampling strategy was used to select a sample of students (N=120) from different colleges and universities of Lahore. A correlational research design with purposive sampling has been used. Physical Appearance Scale i.e., Verbal commentary on physical appearance scale (Herbozo & Thompson, 2006), Self -Objectification Questionnaire (Noll & Fredickson, 1998), and Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 2007) are used as assessment measures. Results of the research indicated that verbal commentary on physical appearance, self-objectification and psychological well-being are significantly related to each other. Self-objectification is a significant predictor of psychological wellbeing in young adults. There are no significant gender differences in verbal commentary on physical appearance, self-objectification and psychological well-being in young adults.

Impact of Perceived Social Support on Psychological wellbeing in Young Adults

bstract: The purpose of the present study is to assess the relationship between perceived social support and psychological wellbeing among young adults. A sample of 81 young adults aged between 18-24 years participated in the study. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) by Zimet et. al (1988). Personal Wellbeing Index - Adult - 5 (PWIA5) by Cummins et al. (2013) were used to measure the variables in the study. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Linear Regression Analysis were used for statistical analysis of data. The findings indicated that perceived social support was positively correlated to psychological wellbeing. Implications are discussed.

Academic Burnout, Mindfulness and Psychological Well-being in Young Adults

Academic Burnout is part of student life, and it affects the psychological well-being of young adults. Mindfulness acts as a buffer against negative effect of academic burnout on young adults’ psychological well-being. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between academic burnout, mindfulness, and psychological well-being in young adults. A sample of 200 students was taken from different colleges and universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Psychological Well-being Scale were used as assessment measures. A correlation research design with a purposive sampling strategy has been used. Results revealed that academic burnout and mindfulness has significant positive relationship with each other. Classmate related burnout significantly predict psychological well-being in young adults and mindfulness does not mediate the relationship between academic burnout and psychological well-being. It was concluded that classmate related burnout has a great impact on psychological well-being.

Text4Hope Effectiveness in Reducing Psychological Symptoms among Young Adults in Canada: Longitudinal and Naturalistic Controlled Program Evaluation

Chronic stress, anxiety, and depression are psychological problems that can hurt young adults, interfering with their everyday function, academic achievement, and interpersonal relationships. This study aimed to assess the impact of Text4Hope, an online mental health service, on the psychological well-being of young adults. This study adopted both longitudinal and naturalistic controlled trial designs. It examined clinical outcomes in young adult (≤26 years old) subscribers of Text4Hope who completed surveys at baseline and six weeks and compared clinical parameters in two groups of subscribers. The first group comprised the intervention group (IG) (young adult subscribers who received once-daily supportive text messages for six weeks and completed sixth-week evaluation measures between 26 April and 12 July 2020), and the second group was the control group (CG) (young adult subscribers who joined Text4Hope in the same time frame and completed a baseline survey and were yet to receive any text messages). The prevalence of moderate to high stress, anxiety, and depression was measured at baseline and six weeks in the longitudinal study and between the two groups for the naturalistic controlled study using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Inferential statistics, including the t-test, McNemar test, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analyses, were used to evaluate the differences in the prevalence and severity of the psychological symptoms. In the longitudinal study, of the 9214 subscribers to Text4Hope who completed the baseline survey, 1047 (11.4%) were identified as youth. For the young adult subscribers who completed both the baseline and sixth-week surveys (n = 114), a significant reduction in the prevalence of moderate to high stress (8%) and likely GAD (20%) from baseline to six weeks was reported. Similarly, there was a significant reduction in the mean scores on the PSS-10, GAD-7, and Composite Mental Health score but not the PHQ-9 from baseline to six weeks. The largest reduction in mean scores was for the GAD-7 scale (18.4%), with a small effect size overall. For the naturalistic study, the IG included 173 young adult subscribers of Text4Hope who completed the sixth-week survey compared to 92 subscribers in the CG who completed the baseline survey during the designated period. There was a significantly lower prevalence for likely Moderate Depressive Disorder (MDD) (25.2%) and suicidal thoughts/thoughts of self-harm (48.4%), with a small effect size in the IG compared to the CG. Similarly, lower mean scores were reported for all outcome variables in the IG compared to the CG, with a small to medium effect size. The receipt of daily supportive text messages for six weeks resulted in significantly lower odds of both likely GAD and experiencing thoughts of self-harm or death wish while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The Text4Hope service is an effective tool for mental health support for young adult subscribers. Young adults receiving the service exhibited a reduction in psychological symptoms, including thoughts of self-harm or death wish. This population-level intervention program can be used to effectively support young adult mental health and in suicide prevention programs.

Cell Phone Social Media Use and Psychological Well-Being in Young Adults: Implications for Internet-Related Disorders.

Internet-related disorders are on the rise and increasing cell phone social media use may be one of the reasons for these disorders. To better understand internet-related disorders, we aim to explore the psychological and social aspects of cell phone social media behaviors. We hypothesized that, according to humanistic theories of positive functioning, cell phone social media connectedness to self (engagement, interest, pleasure, sense of enjoyment, meaningfulness, purposefulness, optimism, acceptance, and feeling accomplished) would relate positively to psychological well-being of undergraduate students. We also hypothesized that, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, cell phone social media connectedness to others (affiliation, feeling rewarded, being liked by others, and contributions to the well-being of others) would relate positively to the psychological well-being of undergraduate students. During the fall of 2019, 523 (75.4% female) undergraduate students from a large public university participated in this study by completing validated quantitative surveys on their cell phone use and psychological well-being. Spearman's rho and ordinal logistics were implemented to analyze the findings. Correlational data showed that cell phone social media connectedness to self and cell phone social media connectedness to others were positively associated with the psychological well-being of undergraduate students. Ordinal logistics showed higher odds of psychological well-being occurring with cell phone social media connectedness to self and cell phone social media connectedness to others. Cell phone social media connectedness to self significantly predicted psychological well-being with the medium effect, whereas cell phone social media connectedness to others was not a significant predictor of the psychological well-being of undergraduate students. An increase in cell phone social media connectedness to self and an increase in cell phone social media connectedness to others of undergraduate students helped them improve their psychological well-being. Cell phone social media connectedness to self significantly predicted but cell phone social media connectedness to others did not predict the psychological well-being of undergraduate students, which may have implications for the research pertaining to behavioral addiction and may help better understand internet-related disorders.

Cell Phone Use, Sleep Quality, Academic Performance, and Psychological Well-Being in Young Adults: A Theoretical Framework

Cell Phone Use, Sleep Quality, Academic Performance, and Psychological Well-Being in Young Adults: A Theoretical Framework

Components and Predictors of Psychological Wellbeing in Young Adults

Psychological wellbeing, which refers to the overall healthy functioning of a person, is a crucial asset. It is a combination of effective functioning and feeling good of one's surroundings. To achieve and maintain psychological wellbeing is very important for any stages of life, especially for young adults. Young adults go through multiple significant transitions in life. The main aim of the current study was to discover the components and predictors of psychological wellbeing of young adults and develop an effective intervention program to enhance their psychological wellbeing. The study was carried out in three different stages. A mixed-method design was implemented to conduct the study. The 42 items Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale was chosen in the first stage for its optimal usability to measure psychological wellbeing. It needed to be adapted for the Bangladeshi population before conducting the study using this tool. So, in the first stage the adaptation took place. The English and Bangla Psychological Wellbeing Scale had a significant positive correlation. In the second stage Bangla Psychological Wellbeing Scale was administered to a 301-representative sample of young adults. The goal of the second stage was to identify the factors related with psychological wellbeing. In the third stage of the current study aimed to create an effective intervention program to improve the psychological wellbeing of the young adults. This study reinforces the six-factor model of psychological well-being by Ryff (1989) in the design of psychological wellbeing program of young adults.

Parenting Styles and Psychological Well-Being: The Role of Emotional Intelligence

Parents are one of the most important relations in a child’s life. Other relationships, experiences and skills can also significantly impact children. One of these is ability of emotional intelligence, a learned skill. This research aimed to investigate whether emotional intelligence predicts psychological well-being in young adults better than their perceived parenting styles. In a survey of 240 undergraduate students of Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore (having both parents alive in their childhood) were included in the sample. Parental Authority Questionnaire, Schutte’s Self-report Emotional Intelligence Test and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale, were used to assess the parenting styles, ability of emotional intelligence and psychological well-being respectively. Although maternal (r= -.271) and paternal (r= -.230) authoritarianism and maternal authoritativeness (r= .145) significantly correlated with psychological well-being, emotional intelligence (r= .336) was the only significant predictor of psychological well-being and contributed to 10.5% unique variance. This has significant implications for researchers and practitioners planning interventions to improve psychological well-being of young adults. Further, recommendations and future directions have been discussed.

Indecisiveness and psychological well being among young adults

Young adults are often faced with the sudden responsibility to take up a number of decisions suddenly. The overload of so much options and information in today's day and age can cause indecisiveness and affect the psychological well being among young adults. This study attempts to study the effect of indecisiveness on the psychological well being in a sample of young adults (N=74) within the age group of 18 to 24. The questionnaire from indecisiveness scale developed by Randy o Frost and Deanna L Shows(1993) and the psychological well being scale (Ryff & Keyes,1995) was used to collect data from the sample population using convenience sampling technique and was analyzed using a correlational method. The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between indecisiveness and psychological well being. Thus it can be concluded indecisiveness has an impact on psychological wellbeing in young adults.

What nursing interventions and healthcare practices facilitate type 1 diabetes self-management in young adults? An integrative review.

This integrative review aimed to explore how current nursing and healthcare practices can be designed to facilitate effective type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-management in young adults aged 16-25 years. The review explored relevant quantitative and qualitative literature published between 2017 and 2021. Five electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, PubMed and PsycINFO. PRISMA reporting was used to show the flow of information through the different phases of the review. Articles that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Four main themes emerged through thematic analysis: digital information systems; glucose monitoring and insulin devices; group and peer education and peer support; and diabetes care delivery style. Findings from the review identified that 1) platforms for text messaging, social media, email, and smartphone apps were innovative communication strategies that worked for this age group; 2) the use of continuous glucose monitoring and insulin devices were found to improve self-management routines and psychological well-being of young adults; 3) health service support and education needs to be flexible, dynamic and young adults want to be treated as partners in their own care; and, 4) young adults prefer to be socially engaged, interacting either in group educational settings or with peers through social media. This integrative review highlights the importance of adopting age-appropriate interventions to improve young adults’ engagement in T1D self-management, requiring nurses and healthcare practitioners need to keep up to date with the rapid changes in digital technology and diabetes-related device technology. However, relational engagement remains an essential component integral to nurses supporting young adults living with T1D.

A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between housing insecurity and physical health among midlife and aging adults in the United States

RationaleA large body of work demonstrates the impact of housing instability on health by exploring the effects of evictions and homelessness on psychological wellbeing of young adults and children. However, limited research leverages national longitudinal data to examine whether and how experiences of a range of housing insecurity events, rather than just eviction or homelessness, affect physical health among midlife and older adults. ObjectiveThe current study examines (1) prevalence of housing insecurity among midlife and older adults by age and race, (2) linkages between housing insecurity experiences and facets of physical health, and (3) age and race moderations on these effects. MethodThis study employs regression models to examine whether experiences of housing insecurity affect self-rated physical health and chronic physical conditions among midlife and older adults (N = 2598) leveraging two waves of the National Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS). ResultsModels revealed that housing insecurity experiences predicted poorer self-rated physical health and additional chronic conditions, even when controlling for previous physical health. Moderation analyses indicated that housing insecurity has a stronger relationship with chronic conditions among midlife adults as compared to older adults, and among Black adults as compared to white adults. These results suggest that experiences of housing insecurity leave adults vulnerable to compromised physical health, and that housing insecurity experiences may be particularly detrimental to the health of midlife Black adults. ConclusionsThis research adds to the extant literature by introducing a comprehensive measure of housing insecurity experiences, and contributes to a life course perspective regarding how housing insecurity can affect physical health. This research has implications for policy that addresses housing insecurity as a public health concern, especially in the aftermath of the 2008 recession and the economic and housing crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cortical surface variation in individuals with excessive smartphone use.

Excessive smartphone use has been repeatedly related to adverse effects on mental health and psychological well-being in young adults. The continued investigation of the neurobiological mechanism underlying excessive smartphone use-sometimes also referred to as "smartphone addiction"(SPA)-is considered a top priority in system neuroscience research. Despite progress in the past years, cortical morphology associated with SPA is still poorly understood. Here, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 T to investigate two cortical surface markers of distinct neurodevelopmental origin such as the complexity of cortical folding (CCF) and cortical thickness (CTh) in individuals with excessive smartphone use (n=19) compared to individuals not fulfilling SPA criteria (n-SPA; n=22). SPA was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). CCF and CTh were investigated using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12). SPA individuals showed lower CCF in the right superior frontal gyrus as well as in the right caudal (cACC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) compared to n-SPA individuals (TFCE, uncorrected at p<0.001). Following a dimensional approach, across the entire sample, CCF of the right cACC was significantly associated with SPAI total score, as well as with distinct SPAI subdimensions, particularly time spent with the device, compulsivity, and sleep interference in all participants (n=41; p<0.05, FDR-corrected). Collectively, these findings suggest that SPA is associated with aberrant structural maturation of regions important for cognitive control and emotional regulation.