Psychological Tension Research Articles

A comprehensive review of behavioral biases in financial decision-making: from classical finance to behavioral finance perspectives

This paper offers a detailed analysis of the evolution of financial decision-making theories, focusing on the shift from classical finance to behavioral finance. Classical finance theories, including the Efficient Market Hypothesis and Modern Portfolio Theory, assume that investors behave rationally and that the market is efficient. However, these theories have faced criticisms highlighting the importance of considering irrational behaviors in financial markets. Behavioral finance addresses this gap by integrating psychological insights into financial decision-making. This study systematically reviews the literature on behavioral biases that affect individual investors, identifying fundamental biases and their impact on investment decisions. The analysis emphasizes the role of cognitive limitations and psychological tendencies in shaping market dynamics, influencing asset pricing, investment strategies, and market returns. The research also notes a shift in focus from market-level outcomes to the behavior of individual investors, with an increase in publications. The paper concludes that understanding investors’ biases is crucial for developing effective risk management strategies and investment recommendations, ultimately leading to improved market performance. The findings underscore the growing importance of behavioral finance in explaining investor behavior and market anomalies, highlighting areas for future research in this evolving field.

The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on work-related rumination and job fatigue of medical emergency and accident management center staff: an experimental study

BackgroundWorking in accident management centers and medical emergencies makes employees face psychological tensions and leads to a decrease in their work quality and endangering the lives of patients. Therefore, any solution to reduce their tension will be valuable. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT) on work-related rumination and job fatigue among the employees of the Emergency and Medical Accident Management Center of Alborz Province, Iran.MethodsThis study is an experimental research with intervention and control groups conducted between January 16, 2019, and July 8, 2019. Sixty-four employees were selected based on the entry criteria and randomly assigned to two groups. People in the intervention group participated in 8 sessions of 2-hour therapy based on acceptance and commitment. Questionnaires for demographic information, work-related rumination, and occupational recovery/exhaustion were used to collect data. The intervention was conducted with univariate and multivariate covariance analysis.ResultsThe findings showed that the average job fatigue reached 16.78\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\:\\pm\\:$$\\end{document} 11.44 from 37.06 ± 16.70 in the pre-test with a decrease of 20.28 points. Also, the average of all rumination dimensions related to work decreased in the post-test. The findings showed that the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy was confirmed on job fatigue and all its components and all dimensions of work-related rumination (p < 0.05). The partial eta square index was greater than 0.14 in all cases and showed the significant effectiveness of the intervention on all components of work-related rumination and job fatigue.ConclusionTreatment based on acceptance and commitment reduced rumination and job fatigue. It is recommended to practice this intervention to improve personnel’s mental health and the quality of services provided to patients.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Navigating Societal Stressors Through Yoga in Korea

Modernization in Korea has led to increased psychological tension driven by changes in societal expectations and social norms. The current study explores the role of yoga in promoting stress-related growth in response to psychological stress and trauma within Korean society. We adopted interpretive phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences of 12 adults who practiced yoga regularly through in-depth interviews. Reflexive engagement with the data led to the development of the following themes: a) societal stressors in Korea, b) emotional regulation through the mind-body connection, c) self-care and d) manifestation in other dimensions of life. Building on the theoretical foundation of cognitive appraisal theory, our findings revealed that yoga facilitated a shift in perceptions and ability to manage stress by cultivating mindfulness. This research highlights the multifaceted dynamics of yoga in managing societal expectations in Korea and emphasizes its potential to promote psychological well-being and stress-related growth.

Development of a Robotic Device That Performs Head Bunting to Relieve User Tension

Inspired by an animal behavior called bunting, in which the animal rubs its head against other objects, including humans, we developed robotic prototypes capable of performing such bunting behaviors. Since physical contact plays an important role in therapeutic interactions between pets and their owners, we hypothesize that robot bunting can have a similar effect on its user. This paper reports on the development of such a robot with a flexible neck that can change its stiffness while the robot is rubbing its head against the user. An exploratory study was also conducted with 22 human participants, on whom the developed robot performed head bunting with three different (low/high/variable) stiffness conditions. The results show that the participants’ psychological tension, as measured by the Temporary Mood Scale (TMS), was significantly reduced ( \(p\lt 0.001\) ) after interacting with the robot. The difference between the three stiffness conditions was not significant in this study. Due to the lack of a control condition, we cannot confirm a clear effect of the stiffness change; however, some participants commented that the stiffness change made the robot's behavior lifelike and relaxing.

العلاقة بين الإكتئاب وأساليب المعاملة الوالدية لدى الشباب والراشدين (دراسة حالة)

The current research aimed to reveal one of the reasons supporting the exacerbation of depression disorder among young people, and to study their cases, where the research tried to answer the following questions: What is the degree of depression in a sample of depressed young people? And what is the relationship of parents in the emergence of depression? To answer the research questions and test the hypotheses, we used the clinical approach in studying one of the cases in adulthood. To collect information, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, Hamilton Depression Scale, and Beck Depression Scale were used. Then, we prepared detailed clinical reports and psychological reports, and created a complete diagnosis by referring to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental and Psychiatric Disorders. The results of the research showed: Children who are treated well by their parents are more psychologically and socially compatible, and they are more distinguished in masculine and feminine behavior than children who are treated poorly and are exposed to cruelty, rejection, neglect, or excessive pampering. The sound psychological and social development of children is linked to several factors that we will clarify below: A- Psychological and social compatibility. B- Psychological and social tendencies and interests and their proper satisfaction. C- Feeling of security, reassurance, love and affection. D- Family guidance and counseling.

Prevalence and Association of Obesity, Depression, and Psychological Stress Among the Population of Saudi Arabia

Background: Obesity, stress, and depression are widespread global issues that have a significant impact on people's personal and public health. Studies reveal that the incidence of anxiety and sadness is significantly higher in obese people. Purpose: This study aimed to find ‏the prevalence and association of obesity, depression, and psychological stress among the population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving the society in general Saudi Arabian population that was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire is disseminated to the populace through an online platform. Results: About 72.1 percent of the 1075 respondents were female, while 52.6 percent were between the ages of 21 and 30. The proportion of obese individuals amounted to 20.6%. In contrast to melancholy (39.4%), psychological tension was present at a prevalence of 77.8%. A statistically significant correlation was observed between stress and depression; however, no such correlation was found between depression and overweight or obesity. Conclusion: Our study indicates that, contrary to what the literature suggests, numerous stressors rather than melancholy may be the cause of obesity rather than a risk factor for the condition. Further investigation is required to ascertain the correlation between psychological tension, obesity, and melancholy.

The role of psycho-emotional stress in the development of disorders of occlusal relationships

AIMS: to determine the frequency of occurrence and severity of psycho-emotional stress in patients with disorders of occlusal relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The level of psycho-emotional stress was studied in 120 patients with disorders of occlusal relationships. After a clinical examination, all patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the level of abrasion of hard dental tissues. To determine the level of psycho-emotional stress of the examined patients, a questionnaire was conducted according to the PSM-25 psychological stress scale (Lemyr-Tessier-Fillion) in adaptation of the Russian version of the method according to N.E. Vodopyanova. RESULTS: The patients were divided into 3 groups, where 42 people had abrasion of teeth within the enamel (group 1), 49 patients had damage to hard tissues within the enamel and partially dentin (group 2), while 29 patients had abrasion within dentin (group 3). It was revealed that all respondents are exposed to psycho-emotional stress in everyday life to varying degrees. The severity of stress increases depending on the clinical manifestations of occlusion disorders. It was revealed that the frequency of occurrence of psychological tension of varying degrees of severity is 100%. The most common indicators of psychological stress in patients with disorders of occlusal relationships are bruxism, clenching (average level in group 1 - 3.08±0.099, in group 2 - 4.87±0.185, in group 3 - 6.08±0.122), physical malaise (average level for groups is 4.02±0.072, 5.62±0.107, 6.02±0.12, respectively), fatigue (group 1 - 4.31±0.103, group 2 - 5.92±0.124, group 3 - 7.31±0.263), sleep disorders (average intensity by group: 5.28±0.121 in group 1, 5.69±0.165 in group 2, 6.28±0.151 in group 3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The identified level of stress serves as a quantitative integral indicator for the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach in the management of these patients and, as a consequence, the need for consulting support from specialists for the purpose of psychological correction.

Distinction of mental health between salesman and R&D in high-tech enterprise: a fNIRS study

Employees in enterprises face numerous challenges due to the severe employment situation and job pressure. Sales personnel and research and development (R&D) personnel in companies are particularly susceptible to mental health issues due to the unique nature and complexity of their work. This study aims to explore the psychological health issues among sales personnel and R&D personnel in high-tech enterprises. Twenty-four R&D personnel (23 males and 1 female) and twenty-six sales personnel (25 males and 1 female) were recruited. The participants’ psychological health conditions were assessed using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and verbal fluency tasks combined with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (VFT-fNIRS), while their work stress level was evaluated using the Personal Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and Personal Resources Questionnaire (PRQ). The results indicated significantly higher brain activities in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral Broca’s areas of the R&D group compared to the sales group. The R&D group had significantly lower scores in the total score and multiple dimensions of SCL-90, such as somatization, obsession-compulsion, depression, anxiety, hostility, and paranoia. In addition, the R&D group exhibited significantly lower psychological and physical tension reactions compared to the sales group in PSQ. Based on the PRQ, the R&D group obtained significantly higher scores in self-care compared to the sales group. In conclusion, the mental health status of the R&D group is better than that of the sales group, the difference in self-care may be the most important factor leading to the difference in work stress and mental health of the two groups, VFT-fNIRS might be used to assist in detecting the mental health status of employees.

The effects of laughter programs on nursing students' laughter index, self-esteem, and career decision making self-efficacy

The purpose of this study was to conduct a laughter program for third-year nursing students who completed the first semester of hospital practice, to investigate the effects of the laughter program on nursing students' laughter index, self-esteem, and career decision making self-efficacy, and to identify the relationship between laughter index, self-esteem, and career decision making self-efficacy. Data from a total of 29 subjects who experienced the laughter program (intervention time: 2 sessions for 60 minutes, number of applications: once a week, a total of 6 times over 3 weeks) were analyzed (paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient). Laughter programs were confirmed to have a significant impact on laughter index, self-esteem, and career decision making self-efficacy, and laughter index had a statistically significant positive correlation with career decision making self-efficacy. Therefore, if the laughter program is utilized, the positive self-management can be induced by increasing interest and motivation for studying and employment, and it can guide the students to resolve negative emotions such as psychological tension caused by excessive study load, stress due to hospital practice, and burden of employment.

The Impact of Green Purchase Intention on Compensatory Consumption: The Regulatory Role of Pro-Environmental Behavior

Green purchasing behavior refers to the potential of consumers to reduce the impact on the environment and the excessive loss of natural resources in the procurement process as far as possible under the premise of meeting their own needs. This behavior is not only helpful in alleviating environmental problems but also is an important way to achieve sustainable development. However, whether consumers will increase non-green or excessive compensatory consumption behaviors due to the “moral permission” psychological tendency, present after purchasing green products, is an important question in the current research. This study explores the effect of green purchase intention on compensatory consumption behavior, with special attention to the moderating role of pro-environmental behavior in this relationship. With the increasingly severe global environmental problems, green consumption, as a pro-environmental behavior, has gradually become the focus of social attention. By analyzing the relationship between consumers’ green purchase intention and their subsequent compensatory consumption behavior, this study further reveals the important role of pro-environment behavior in the consumption decision-making process.

Understanding Behavioural Biases Driving Equity Investors in India: A Factor Analysis Approach

In the dynamic realm of equity investment decisions, this study challenges the traditional assumption of investor impartiality and rationality, arguing that investors’ choices are often shaped more by beliefs and psychological inclinations than by objective reasoning alone. Drawing from behavioural finance theory, which contests the adequacy of the standard finance model in capturing the nuances of decision-making, this research delves into the psychological forces influencing private investors. Recognizing the prevalent biases coloring their decisions, the study investigates common prejudices impacting investor choices. Leveraging survey data from 375 equity investors, the research employs exploratory factor analysis and regression models to disentangle the effects of cognitive biases, such as the gambler’s fallacy, overconfidence, aversion to ambiguity, lack of representativeness, aversion to loss, and anchoring. The findings challenge the assumption of investor rationality, offering valuable insights into the complexities of financial decision-making. Notably, the study underscores a robust and positive association between these biases and equity investment decisions, shedding light on the intricate interplay between psychological factors and investment behaviour.

Chess as a pedagogical tool

The present article discusses an original way of learning chess in the school context. This proposition concerns the first year of learning chess by the seven-year-old pupils. The organizational principles are described, resulting in the children’s age, psychological disposition and didactic implications. Four school subjects are linked with chess instructions. Firstly, chess is presented as a physical education, which is not common. Subsequently, Polish, mathematics and arts activities are suggested. The whole project is dedicated to promoting chess learning in a friendly context, even for children who will not choose to become chess players.

TRIGUNA-TRIDOSHA RELATIONSHIP; IMPORTANCE AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN AYURVEDA: A REVIEW

Prakriti is constitution and temperament, physique and nature, physical and mental makeup, general built and habits. In classical texts of Ayurveda three doshas namely vata, pitta, kapha and three guna namely satva, raja, tama mentioned according to different acharyas. Ayurveda says that everyone is made up of five bhautika tatvas and one jivatma that is self consciousness. Five tatvas are namely: Akasha (space), Jala (water), Teja (agni), Vayu (air), Prithvi (earth). These combination of 6 elements gives rise doshas which are three in number namely vata, pitta, kapha. The three gunas are each associated with a specific characteristic, sattvik (purity), rajas (activity) and tamas (darkness). These doshas shows physiological and psychological tendencies. Humans, food and various objects are composed of these three gunas. Gunas are qualities, dravya stands for the 5 elements and dosha represents movement. Together, they form the basis of three constituents. The main purpose of this article is about to establish relationship and therapeutic approach between doshas and gunas.

FOLK THINKING AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOL FOR THE REGULATION OF ETHNIC BEHAVIOR

The article refers to the verbal formulaic structures that strengthen the self-composition of a person in extreme situations, which have been crystalized and perceived by the people over time, becoming a unique tool for self-defense. Speech practices are very important from the point of view of the preservation of the given ethnos and as embodiments of clarification of thought, they are reflected in the decisive moments in the life of the nation or people, especially in the context of great psychological tension (natural disaster, flood, disaster, war, etc.). We see the formation of a verbal saying as a unique result of the perceptive experience of the eternal mind or as a type of oral tradition that arose on the basis of archetypal thinking. The phrases in question have accompanied the humankind through history and have been conceived by practices over the centuries, being accepted as traditional behaviors in the given community, they influence the behavior of ethnocrats and provide super-orienting references. Stable phrases awaken stronger voice than our own: the speaker with folk oral thinking speaks with a thousands of voices, captivates and humbles, elevates what is described from the singular and temporary to the realm of eternal existence. In an extreme state, we implement the forms and content of speech that our mental world needs and that correspond to the content of our life.

Study of factors influencing psychosocial and professional characteristics of general practitioners (family doctors): validation of the international questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version)

Introduction. Professional activity of physicians is associated with high psychological tension, which leads to the development of emotional and physical burnout. The management of factors of potential impact on psychosocial and indirectly on professional characteristics of medical workers in health policy is an important part of providing quality of the medical care to the population. The purpose of the study. Identification of psychosocial predictors forming burnout syndrome in the professional activity of general practitioners (GPs), family doctors (FDs) with using the psychosocial questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version). Materials and methods. The methods of questionnaire survey, statistical analysis, and generalization of three hundred forty respondents’ answers were applied. The survey was conducted from May to November 2022 using the electronic Russian version of the international questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version), available on the website of the N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health. General practitioners (family doctors) of the outpatient and polyclinic level of Moscow health care institutions participated in the survey. Results. Factor analysis of new predictors of psychosocial tension in the work of GPS (FDs), was carried out on a considerable volume of statistical material, which formed a high level of professional burnout — 233.01 ± 82.39 (224.23; 241.80, p = 0.05) points. Research limitations. The study was limited to a representative sample of GPS (FDs) working in healthcare facilities in Moscow within the framework of testing the reliability and construct validity of the full Russian-language version of COPSOQ III (Long version). The results of the study as a whole are not interpolated to the problem area of working conditions of GPs (FDs) in the health care system of the Russian Federation, further research is required. Conclusion. The research has revealed new factors of the development of professional burnout of GPS (FDs) on the basis of their interview with the help of adapted psychosocial international questionnaire COPSOQ III (Long version).

An Evaluation of the Quality of Life and Emotional Status of Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators at the Vilnius University Hospital, Lithuania.

Background and objective An arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate or rhythm. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a small electronic device connected to the heart to continuously keep track of and help control rapid and sometimes life-threatening electrical problems with the heart. However, it may result in psychological tension in patients' lives, eventually affecting their quality of life (QoL). In light of this, we aimed to assess the QoL ofpatients with ICDat the Vilnius University Hospital, Lithuania. Methods We employed the following three questionnaires in this study: an originally prepared questionnaire including sociodemographic and health factors; the 36-item Short Form HealthSurvey questionnaire(SF-36); and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess depression and anxiety. Data analysis was performed usingSPSS Statistics v. 13.00 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Of the patients evaluated in all areas of QoL, males demonstrated higher scores compared to females. A statistically significant difference was found when assessing the domains of physical activity, social function, pain, and physical and mental health QoL. Conclusions Based on our findings, the majority of ICD patients can achieve their desired QoL and psychosocial outcomes. Our results show that patients with ICDs have the potential to return to a normal life. Depression and anxiety manifested more commonly inrespondents with a disease duration of up to five years.

A Conceptual Recapture of Darunaka and its Relevance in-Present Era

Introduction: Ayurveda describes local minor diseases in detail along with systemic diseases. Cosmetic diseases are those that impact a person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. In Ayurveda, Darunaka, a cosmetic ailment, is referred to as either Kapalgat Roga or Kshudra Roga. Darunaka is a safe substance that doesn't hurt, but it might cause psychological tension and low self-esteem. Everyone is highly aware of the importance of hair care, and according to Ayurveda, Darunaka is one of the main causes of hair loss. Darunaka is the Ayurvedic term that most closely correlates seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff (pityriasis capitis). Few explorations have been conducted regarding above, but no one has covered all aspects comprehensively thus this paper aim to collect and comprehensive review information available regarding about Darunaka and to understand its relevance in present era and preventive care. Methodology: This review is in a narrative format and done from literature and publications relevant to Darunaka Vyadhi and dandruff. Results: According to Vagbhata the prognosis of Darunaka is included in Sadhya stage. This literature review includes pathogenesis, contributing factors, management of Darunaka as per Ayurveda. These basic principles of the Vyadhi are still applicable and it improves the quality of life of the patient. There's a good chance that Darunaka's Ayurvedic care will unravel the disease's pathophysiology. Discussion: The discussion is mainly based on conceptual part and the effect is made to draw a final conclusion.

A Review of Research on Foreign Language Enjoyment in Second Language Learning

Positive psychology (pp) is a branch of human psychology that specialises in the study of methods to evoke positive psychological dispositions in people. It advocates a focus on mental health and emotional experience, and on the well-being of people's lives. Pp was introduced to the field of second language acquisition around 2012. The past decade has seen a surge in research and discussion surrounding the emotions experienced by English language learners. Two of the most prominent emotions are foreign language anxiety and foreign language enjoyment (FLE). This study employs a literature analysis to investigate the influence of FLE on second language acquisition. The findings indicate that the degree of FLE experienced by different research subjects varies and that these emotions are correlated with foreign language anxiety. Finally, this study demonstrates How positive emotions affect the acquisition of foreign language proficiency and performance. The primary focus of the study is the influence of FLE on students' SLA abilities. This is a significant area of research that offers valuable insights for educators seeking to create positive learning environments in the English classroom.

Strategies in Navigating Psychological Tensions: An Integrative Review

Strategies in Navigating Psychological Tensions: An Integrative Review

Literature Review: Pemanfaatan Instrumentasi Tes Minat terhadap Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling

Interest and aptitude tests help in recognizing children's potential early on, so that parents and educators can plan education that is more suitable and supports the optimal development of children's potential. The purpose of this study is to help individuals know that interest and aptitude test instrumentation has a major impact in directing individuals in developing themselves, both in academics and careers. Children who study and work according to their interests tend to be more motivated, happy and accomplished. With a clear understanding of interests and aptitudes, children can make better decisions regarding future education, major and career choices. In this study we used the Literature Review method by collecting several sources. The results and discussion of the literature review discussion regarding interest tests, interest inventories, and Android-based psychological test applications in guidance and counseling in schools show that these tools are very important to help students determine educational and career paths according to their interests and talents. Interest tests help reduce uncertainty in career decision-making, improve the fit between individuals and jobs or study programs, and expand understanding of the psychological tendencies underlying their choices.