Psychological Symptoms Of Anxiety Research Articles

A study to assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and its impact on quality of life in the menopausal women in a selected Urban community, Kolkata, West Bengal

Menopause is the end of menstruation. Menopause is cessation of menstruation for 12 months or a period that equivalent to three previous cycles or as time of cessation of ovarian function resulting in permanent amenorrhea. Menopause is a part of a women’s natural ageing process when lower level of estrogen & progesterone is produced by ovaries. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 400 women in the age group of 45-50 years in a selected urban community, Kolkata, West Bengal in 2020. Menopause Specific Quality of Life scale was used to assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and its impact. Data analysis was performed calculating mean, frequency and percentage and chisquare. Among the vasomotor symptoms prevalence of sweating was maximum (98%), among psychological symptoms anxiety and nervousness was the maximum prevalent symptoms(98%), most prevalent physical symptom was lack of energy (89.25%). Vasomotor symptoms had mild moderate and severe impact on quality of life where the other symptoms had mild and moderate impact on quality of life. Menopausal symptoms had significant association with socio demographic variables. The results support the popular belief that menopause causes vasomotor, physical and psychological problems. From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that almost all areas or domains evaluated were impaired in menopausal women but the vasomotor and psychological symptoms affects women’s quality of life more than the physical and sexual symptoms of menopause

Anxiety symptoms in patients admitted in medical intensive care unit: A cross-sectional study

Objective: Patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) for various medical morbidities are prone to suffer various psychiatric symptoms. Common conditions for which psychiatric consultation is sought are anxiety, delirium, self-harm attempt, and adjustment disorder. Anxiety is a commonly encountered problem and can affect the treatment outcome and compliance. This study was carried out in the MICU of tertiary care hospital to assess the pattern of anxiety symptoms in patients admitted to the MICU. Material and Methods: Sixty patients admitted to MICU were included in the study and assessed using semi-structured pro forma, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Faces Anxiety Scale. Data were statistically analyzed using mean, Chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression test. Results: The majority of the participants were male, predominantly belonging to the age group of 40–59 years. Most of them had some physical, behavioral, or psychological symptoms of anxiety in a mild form. Although the extent of the anxiety symptoms in most of the patients was mild, a few also reported a moderate level of anxiety. Patients with cardiac and respiratory disorders had higher scores on anxiety rating scales than those with other diagnoses. Male gender, cardiorespiratory disease, and the presence or absence of anxiety had a negative correlation (r = −1.79) whereas gender, disease, and presence of mild or moderate anxiety had no statistical significance. Conclusion: Most of the patients, especially those admitted with cardiac and respiratory disorders, had mild anxiety symptoms. Assessment of anxiety in MICU patients can be an important aspect to prevent or reduce the overall disease burden.

Library Staff Need More Support in Order to Alleviate Teaching Anxiety

A Review of: Lundstrom, K., Fagerheim, B. & Van Geem, S. (2021). Library teaching anxiety: Understanding and supporting a persistent issue in librarianship. College & Research Libraries, 82(3), 389-409. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.82.3.389 Abstract Objective – To determine academic librarians’ attitudes towards their teaching, how teaching anxiety manifests itself, and how teaching anxiety affects these attitudes. Design – Online Survey. Setting – The survey was distributed through various library science listservs. Subjects – Any library staff with a teaching component in their role were invited to respond. There was a total of 1,035 initial responses. Methods – The survey questions were based on a previously published survey about teaching anxiety by Davis (2007). However, the survey for this study added questions about formal and self-diagnosis of other types of anxieties, physical and psychological anxiety symptoms, and how teaching anxiety impacts other areas of the respondents’ lives. There were also questions on potential supports to reduce teaching anxiety, as well as potential barriers to these supports. Main Results – It was found that approximately 65% of respondents experience teaching anxiety. Approximately 40% of those respondents were formally diagnosed with anxiety, and approximately 42% were self-diagnosed. There was a significant association between a formal diagnosis of anxiety, and teaching anxiety. There were also significant associations between past training, preparation, and teaching anxiety, with anxiety occurring less with increased training and preparation. Conclusion – Teaching anxiety is a significant issue among library staff. Supports in the form of workshops on teaching as well as coping with anxiety can possibly help to reduce this phenomenon.

Mental Health Screening of Healthcare Professionals Who Are Candidates for Psychological Assistance during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are among those most affected by the COVID-19 health emergency, with many presenting symptoms of anxiety and depression. Research shows that one of the factors involved in mitigating the impact of stressful situations is the use of cognitive emotional regulation mechanisms. The aims of this study were (a) to describe the functional and dysfunctional cognitive emotional regulation mechanisms (FRMs and DRMs) by gender, (b) to screen the main group of healthcare professionals who are candidates to receive psychological assistance based on FRMs and DRMs, and (c) to determine the HCP profile of candidates for psychological assistance. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Data were obtained from an adhoc questionnaire—the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The representative sample comprised 1452 HCPs. The results revealed significant differences between men and women in the use of DRMs. Women showed a higher use of catastrophizing (≤0.001) and rumination (0.008). The screening procedure detected that 7.5% (109 cases) of the HCPs were candidates to receive psychological support. According to the results of this study, age group (30–39 years old), professional activity (being a nurse or nursing assistant), and having psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression are variables that independently increase the probability of requiring psychological assistance. The gender variable was not found to be an independent factor when it comes to receiving psychological support. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the influence of cognitive emotional regulation strategies employed by HCPs in the screening of candidates for psychological assistance and design effective interventions to reverse the emotional distress caused by COVID-19.

Anxiety due to COVID-19 among healthcare providers during pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey in Iran.

AimThe main purpose of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare providers in Iran.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional survey was performed on healthcare providers selected through the convenience sampling method from April 6 to May 19, 2020, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To this end, a self‐report web‐based questionnaire made up of a sociodemographic characteristics information form, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was distributed. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square test (χ 2), and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were accordingly practiced to analyze the data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.ResultsOf 1343 healthcare providers, 45.8% and 73.0% had moderate physical and psychological anxiety symptoms, respectively. The logistic regression model similarly demonstrated that anxiety caused by COVID‐19 was significantly correlated with the age ranges of 41‐50 (P = .007) and 51‐60 (P = .014) years as well as male participants (P < .001). In addition, the prevalence rates of depression and stress were, respectively, reported by 35.1% and 27.8%. There was correspondingly a significant relationship between depression and age as well as stress and gender.ConclusionsIt seems that healthcare managers need to focus more attention on psychological aspects in healthcare providers during this pandemic and plan to teach them about coping strategies.

Writing Anxiety and Writing Performance: A Descriptive-Correlational Study of Grade 11 Students at Centro Escolar Integrated School Malolos

Using the descriptive-correlational approach, the researchers sought to establish a connection between writing anxiety and writing performance of Grade 11 students at Centro Escolar Integrated School in Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines. The results showed that majority of the respondents experience a “moderate” level of psychological symptoms of anxiety while experiencing “lack of focus,” and “fear of failure” which has the highest weighted average of among ten symptoms. In addition, no correlation was established between writing performance based on grades and level of anxiety based on physical and psychological symptoms of the respondents.

Managing anxiety and uncertainty: applying anxiety/uncertainty management theory to university health professionals and students’ communication

ABSTRACT Background Previous research indicates that health centers on college and university campuses provide quality primary healthcare services to students; however, students are under-utilizing these campus health facilities due partly to their uncertainty about health services provided at these centers. While studies have examined students’ uncertainty about university health services and their health providers, little is known about strategies students use to manage their uncertainty when communicating with university health professionals. Responding to the call that more health communication scholarship should be theory-driven (Babrow and Mattson, 2011), this study utilized anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory to explore how college students managed their anxiety and uncertainty about their health problems when communicating with university health professionals at a university health center. Method 184 participants completed an online open-ended questionnaire. A thematic constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. Results The study found that students reported using trust, relaxation, and information seeking/giving as strategies to manage their anxiety and uncertainty. Conclusions The study concludes that basic systematic desensitization techniques (e.g. taking a deep breath, listening to music) and cognitive restructuring techniques (e.g. staying positive, focusing the mind on things one enjoys) could help students to manage their physical and psychological symptoms of anxiety when communicating with university health professionals. Also, assuring students of confidentiality could help them to reduce their uncertainty about disclosing personal and sensitive information to university health professionals during their interactions.

Застосування альфа-казозепіну (Lactium®) та вітаміну В6 у клінічній практиці (огляд літератури)

The article summarizes the literature data on the use of alpha-casozepine and its combination with vitamin B6 in clinical practice. It has been found that the properties of alpha-casozepine are similar to those of the benzodiazepine family of drugs, with the exception of such concomitant side effects of these drugs as addiction or sedation. Therefore, today alpha-casozepine has been increasingly used as a dietary supplement to improve sleep and to relieve stress disorders. The anxiolytic effects of alpha-casozepine have been confirmed in many experimental models over the past 20 years. It has been found that alpha-casozepin affects sleep by modulating its architecture, but has almost no sedative effect, which makes it similar to melatonin since both facilitate, rather than induce, sleep. The effect of alpha-casozepine on sleep is associated with GABA receptors. It was found that with transport of the peptide across the blood-brain barrier, the C-terminal residue of tryptophan, a precursor of serotonin, is released, which is an important neurotransmitter in the regulation of mood and satiety. Direct modulation of GABA receptors by alpha-casozepin, including in the neurons of the hypothalamus, has been proven. According to the results of clinical trials, alpha-casozepine has a positive effect on both physical and psychological symptoms of anxiety. It has been shown that the use of alpha-casozepine promotes faster recovery after a stress response, which is manifested by lower blood pressure and heart rate during the relaxation period (after stress) compared with the rest period (before stress induction). Studies show that anxiolytic peptides derived from milk are promising for use in a wide range of functional disorders of the nervous system, sleep disorders, anxiety, in the treatment of patients with arterial dystonia, including in childhood. It is worth noting the use of a combination of alpha-casozepine (Lactium®) and vitamin B6, including in children, because such a combination promotes good absorption of the drug and a positive effect on the nervous system. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: alpha(casozepine, lactium, anxiety, sleep.

Primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents: Association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and psychological symptoms

ObjectiveNo prior study has investigated the relation of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adolescent age groups. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of PD with ADHD and psychological symptoms among adolescents. Another objective was to examine the PD related non-psychogenic factors and sleep quality. Materials and methodsTwo hundred nine adolescent girls who applied to policlinics for various reasons were enrolled. All participants completed self-report questionnaires. Questionnaire for sociodemographic data, menstrual pattern and dysmenorrhea in adolescents, Visual analog scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Turgay Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale were used to measure outcomes. ResultsA hundred and four (49.8%) adolescents reported having pain that affects daily activities during menstruation. These adolescents had worse sleep quality, more inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity problems, and other psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, somatization, negative self-perception, and hostility in comparison to others (P < 0.05). The menstrual pain severity, measured by VAS, was positively correlated with ADHD symptoms and all other psychological parameters (P < 0.05). ConclusionPD affecting daily-activities may be related to ADHD symptoms and psychiatric distress. Future studies are needed to support the association between ADHD and PD. Assessing the psychiatric problems of adolescents with dysmenorrhea is important.

Experiences and management of physician psychological symptoms during infectious disease outbreaks: a rapid review

BackgroundPrior to the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians experienced unprecedented levels of burnout. The uncertainty of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic along with increased workload and difficult medical triage decisions may lead to a further decline in physician psychological health.MethodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for primary research from database inception (Medline [1946], EMBASE [1974], PsycINFO [1806]) to November 17, 2020. Titles and abstracts were screened by one of three reviewers and full-text article screening and data abstraction were conducted independently, and in duplicate, by three reviewers.ResultsFrom 6223 unique citations, 480 articles were reviewed in full-text, with 193 studies (of 90,499 physicians) included in the final review. Studies reported on physician psychological symptoms and management during seven infectious disease outbreaks (severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], three strains of Influenza A virus [H1N1, H5N1, H7N9], Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS], and COVID-19) in 57 countries. Psychological symptoms of anxiety (14.3–92.3%), stress (11.9–93.7%), depression (17–80.5%), post-traumatic stress disorder (13.2–75.2%) and burnout (14.7–76%) were commonly reported among physicians, regardless of infectious disease outbreak or country. Younger, female (vs. male), single (vs. married), early career physicians, and those providing direct care to infected patients were associated with worse psychological symptoms.InterpretationPhysicians should be aware that psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, fear and distress are common, manifest differently and self-management strategies to improve psychological well-being exist. Health systems should implement short and long-term psychological supports for physicians caring for patients with COVID-19.

Cluster Analysis of the Associations among Physical Frailty, Cognitive Impairment and Mental Disorders.

BackgroundPhysical frailty, cognitive impairment, and symptoms of anxiety and depression frequently co-occur in later life, but, to date, each has been assessed separately. The present study assessed their patterns in primary care patients aged ≥60 years.Material/MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated 263 primary care patients aged ≥60 years in eastern Croatia in 2018. Physical frailty, cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression, were assessed using the Fried phenotypic model, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. Patterns were identified by latent class analysis (LCA), Subjects were assorted by age, level of education, and domains of psychological and cognitive tests to determine clusters.ResultsSubjects were assorted into four clusters: one cluster of relatively healthy individuals (61.22%), and three pathological clusters, consisting of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (23.95%), cognitive frailty (7.98%), and physical frailty (6.85%). A multivariate, multinomial logistic regression model found that the main determinants of the pathological clusters were increasing age and lower mnestic functions. Lower performance on mnestic tasks was found to significantly determine inclusion in the three pathological clusters. The non-mnestic function, attention, was specifically associated with cognitive impairment, whereas psychological symptoms of anxiety and dysphoria were associated with physical frailty.ConclusionsClustering of physical and cognitive performances, based on combinations of their grades of severity, may be superior to modelling of their respective entities, including the continuity and non-linearity of age-related accumulation of pathologic conditions.

Brief EcoMeditation Associated With Psychological Improvements: A Preliminary Study.

BackgroundA growing body of clinical research attests to the psychological and physiological benefits of meditation. EcoMeditation is a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach used to promote health and well-being, comprising four evidence-based techniques: The Quick Coherence Technique for regulating heart rate variability (HRV), Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), mindfulness, and neurofeedback.ObjectivesThis study investigated changes in psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), pain, and happiness following a one-day EcoMeditation training workshop delivered in a large-group format and at 3-months post-intervention.MethodsA convenience sample of 208 participants (137 women, 71 men) aged between 21 and 87 years (M = 55.4 years; SD = 12.8 years) attended a one-day EcoMeditation training workshop. Participants completed a pen-and-paper survey pre-workshop and post-workshop, and an online survey three months following the EcoMeditation intervention.ResultsPost-workshop results revealed significant reductions in anxiety (−23.4%, p < .001), depression (−15.8%, p = .011), PTSD (−11.8%, p < .001), and pain (−18.5%, p < .001), while happiness scores increased significantly (+8.9%, p < .001). At 3-month follow-up, one-way repeated-measures ANOVA (N = 65) found significant decreases in anxiety between pre-test and post-test, and pain between pre-intervention and 3-month follow-up. Differences in depression and PTSD scores were not significant over time. Happiness scores significantly increased from pre-test to 3-month follow-up. However, post-hoc analyses suggested that the final sample size was inadequate to detect significant differences between time points.ConclusionFindings provide preliminary support for EcoMeditation as a brief group-based stress reduction intervention with benefits for improved psychological functioning.

Clinical observation of the use of portable pulmonary function test trainer in patients with stable COPD

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of the use of portable pulmonary function tester in patients with stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 80 patients with stable COPD were enrolled in our hospital from March 2018 to March 2019. They were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods. The comparison group was used for routine pulmonary function training, and the intervention group was trained for Portable Pulmonary Function Training and Test Device (PPFTTD). Comparison was made of forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), measured/predicted value of the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1 measured/predicted value), measured/predicted value of maximal voluntary ventilation per minute between the two groups. Quality of life (QOL) scores such as daily living ability, social activity, depressive psychological symptoms, and anxiety psychological symptoms were measured. Results: The FEV1/FVC value, measured/predicted value of FEV1 and MVV of intervention group were higher than those in the comparison group ([Formula: see text]). QOL scores, such as daily living ability, social activity, depression psychological symptoms, and anxiety psychological symptoms in the intervention group, were lower than those in the comparison group ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: In the treatment of stable COPD, the use of portable pulmonary function tester is significant, and it should be widely promoted and applied in clinical practice.

Somatic symptoms and their association with anxiety and depression in Chinese patients with cardiac neurosis.

ObjectiveWe sought to investigate somatic symptoms detected by the Somatic Self-rating Scale and to evaluate whether they were associated with the psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with cardiac neurosis.MethodsA total of 180 patients with cardiac neurosis at the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China, were surveyed from January 2017 to July 2018. Participants completed a general information questionnaire, the Somatic Self-rating Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7.ResultsThe mean (±standard deviation) somatic symptom score in patients with cardiac neurosis was 40.83 ± 7.12. The most severe symptoms were cardiovascular symptoms, fatigue and muscle soreness. A total of 90 patients (46.4%) had anxiety and 80 (50.0%) had depression. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that somatic symptoms in patients with cardiac neurosis were associated with both anxiety and depression.ConclusionSomatic symptoms in patients with cardiac neurosis were associated with both anxiety and depression. Therefore, it is important to provide effective emotional interventions to promote patient rehabilitation.

HUBUNGAN PERILAKU CARING PERAWAT DENGAN KECEMASAN PASIEN PRA OPERASI DI RUANG BEDAH RSUD Dr. H. MOH. ANWAR SUMENEP

Nurse caring behavior as a moral commitment to protect, maintain and improve the dignity of patients as human beings. The problem of this study is the patient psychological symptoms of anxiety that arise when undergoing surgery, and many patients complain that the nurse is not good when providing services.This study purpose was to analyze the relation between nurse caring behavior with preoperative anxiety patient in bedah ward RSUD dr.H. Moh. Anwar Sumenep.&#x0D; The study design was Cross Sectional Study. The population all preoperative patients who treated in bedah ward as many as 13 nurses and preoperative patient. The sample sum a 13 nurses and 55 preoperative patients who had fill inclusion criteria by Quota Sampling technique. Independent variable is nurse caring behavior and preoperative patient anxiety as dependent variable.&#x0D; The results showed that most of the have good caring behavior as 7 nurses (53.8%) and most of the preoperative patients had low anxiety many as 34 patients (61.8%). The result of statistic test use Spearman rho befoud P value &lt;α (0.002&lt;0.05). The correlation strength r of 0.783 who has the direction that the strength of the relationship study between vareabel is sturdy. Conclusion in this study be found significant relationship between nurse caring behavior with anxiety preoperative patients in bedah ward RSUD dr. H. Moh. Anwar Sumenep 2017.

The Interrelated Physiological and Psychological Effects of EcoMeditation.

This study investigated changes in psychological and physiological markers during a weekend meditation workshop (N = 34). Psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and happiness were assessed. Physiological markers included cortisol, salivary immunoglobulin A (SigA), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate (RHR). On posttest, significant reductions were found in cortisol (−29%, P < .0001), RHR (−5%, P = .0281), and pain (−43%, P = .0022). Happiness increased significantly (+11%, P = .0159) while the increase in SigA was nonsignificant (+27%, P = .6964). Anxiety, depression, and PTSD all declined (−26%, P = .0159; −32%, P = .0197; −18%, P = .1533), though changes in PTSD did not reach statistical significance. No changes were found in BP, HRV, and heart coherence. Participants were assessed for psychological symptoms at 3-month follow-up, but the results were nonsignificant due to inadequate sample size (n = 17). EcoMeditation shows promise as a stress-reduction method.

The Role of Short Term Psychological and Somatic Anxiety in the Prediction of Long Term Anxiety of Early Hospital Discharged Patients with Complete Functional Recovery after a Mild Stroke

<p class="p1">Few previous investigations have focused on post-stroke anxiety (PSA) predictors in mild stroke patients. The aim of the study was to determine whether anxiety-related psychological symptoms and psychomotor agitation predict PSA. We compared 10 anxious and 10 non-anxious patients at 6 months post-stroke (T2) to their psychological anxiety and psychomotor agitation levels 3 months earlier (T1). Anxious patients had more psychological anxiety symptoms than non-anxious patients. Overall T2 anxiety was strongly correlated with T1 psychological anxiety. Thus, psychological symptoms are a better predictor of PSA than somatic symptoms of anxiety. Those results could improve PSA diagnosis and prognosis by directing clinicians to pay particular attention to psychological anxiety after a stroke, even in early discharged patients with complete functional recovery.

Examination of Broad Symptom Improvement Resulting From Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The purpose of this randomized trial was to evaluate the efficacy of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Breast Cancer (MBSR[BC]) program in improving psychological and physical symptoms and quality of life among breast cancer survivors (BCSs) who completed treatment. Outcomes were assessed immediately after 6 weeks of MBSR(BC) training and 6 weeks later to test efficacy over an extended timeframe. A total of 322 BCSs were randomly assigned to either a 6-week MBSR(BC) program (n = 155) or a usual care group (n = 167). Psychological (depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of recurrence) and physical symptoms (fatigue and pain) and quality of life (as related to health) were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks. Linear mixed models were used to assess MBSR(BC) effects over time, and participant characteristics at baseline were also tested as moderators of MBSR(BC) effects. Results demonstrated extended improvement for the MBSR(BC) group compared with usual care in both psychological symptoms of anxiety, fear of recurrence overall, and fear of recurrence problems and physical symptoms of fatigue severity and fatigue interference (P < .01). Overall effect sizes were largest for fear of recurrence problems (d = 0.35) and fatigue severity (d = 0.27). Moderation effects showed BCSs with the highest levels of stress at baseline experienced the greatest benefit from MBSR(BC). The MBSR(BC) program significantly improved a broad range of symptoms among BCSs up to 6 weeks after MBSR(BC) training, with generally small to moderate overall effect sizes.

Relationship Between Stressful Life Events And Anxiety During The Period Of Adolescence

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between stressful life events and anxiety during the period of adolescence. It is known that stressful life events are commonly studied risk and environmental factors in the development of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. In addition, physical and psychological symptoms of anxiety are often associated with stressful life events. These events are related to the different experiences of conflict and disrupted communication in the family. Subsequently, these events directly or indirectly affect the self-esteem and the self-image of adolescents during the period of adolescence. This research starts with the assumption that stressful life events predicted anxiety during the period of adolescence. Another assumption, in this research, is that females have higher level of anxiety compared with males. This study was conducted on a sample of 160 participants (80 girls and 80 boys) students in the fourth year of secondary school. The instruments used in the research include: scale of stressful life events for children and adolescents – Stress-D, and the Scale for anxiety for children and adolescents – SCAD-62. The results showed that stressful life events were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms (r= .962, p&lt;.01). Also, the symptoms of anxiety are closely associated with medical (F,24,135= .871, p&lt;.05) and family stressful events (F,24,135= 2.017, p&lt;.05). There were significant relationship between medical stressful life events and gender (p= .045), and social stressful life events and gender (p= .001). On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between academic stressful life events and gender (p= .944), and family stressful life events and gender (p= .564). In conclusion, the results of the study show that females have higher level of anxiety compared with males (r= .985, p&lt;.01). The results show that there is a significant relationship between specific types of stressful life events, including those related to physical health and family which discord the anxiety during the period of adolescence.

Somatic symptoms of anxiety and nonadherence to statin therapy.

The association between anxiety and nonadherence to preventive therapies remains unclear. We investigated whether somatic symptoms of anxiety predict statin nonadherence. This is a prospective cohort study of 1924 individuals who responded to a questionnaire survey on health status and initiated statin therapy after the survey during 2008-2010. We followed the cohort for nonadherence, defined as the proportion of days covered <80%, during the 365days since the first dispensation after the survey. We used log-binomial regression to estimate the predictors of nonadherence. 18% of participants reported no experience of the eight somatic symptoms of anxiety (palpitation without exercise, irregular heartbeat, chest pain upon anger or emotion, sweating without exercise, flushing, tremor of hands or voice, muscle twitching) before the statin initiation, and 16% had experienced at least one symptom on average weekly to daily. 49% of respondents were nonadherent. Weekly to daily occurrence of these symptoms predicted a 33% increase in the risk of nonadherence (risk ratio [RR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.13-1.57) compared to no symptoms when adjusted for sociodemographics, lifestyle risks, cardiovascular comorbidities, and depression. Particularly, chest pain upon anger or emotion (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.46) and muscle twitching (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42) predicted an increased risk of nonadherence to statin therapy. Psychological symptoms of anxiety were not associated with nonadherence when adjusted for somatic symptoms. Somatic anxiety-related symptoms predicted nonadherence to statin therapy. Information on pre-existing somatic symptoms may help identifying patients at increased risk of statin nonadherence.