Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test Research Articles

A correlation study of military psychological stress, optimistic intelligence quotient, and emotion regulation of Chinese naval soldiers

Psychological stress is closely related to the mental and physical health of soldiers. We explored the relationships between stress, optimistic intelligence, and emotion regulation in Chinese Navy personnel (N = 452), who completed the General Information Questionnaire, the Psychological Stress Self-Evaluation Test, the Chinese Adult Optimistic Intelligence Quotient Questionnaire, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in this cross-sectional study. Results show that stress was negatively correlated with perceived happiness and the ability to respond positively to negative events, and positively correlated with emotional regulation, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression. These findings indicate that comprehensive measures using positive psychology techniques should be taken to reduce stress among naval soldiers to enhance their well-being and the military's combat readiness.

Panic state and related influencing factors among military personnel during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak

Objective: To explore the panic state and related influencing factors among military personnel during the early epidemic stage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Methods: In the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, 431 officers and soldiers stationed in Hebei were randomly selected by the cluster sampling method and investigated with psychological stress self-evaluation test (PSET), self-rating anxiety scale, and self-designed questionnaires regarding the knowledge of COVID-19, sources of psychological panic scale, evaluation scale of various information released and risk perception scale Results: A total of 411 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 95 36% The results showed that 5 84% (24/411) of the officers and soldiers were in psychological stress state and 4 14% (17/411) in psychological panic state The psychological panic score of officers and soldiers in psychological stress state (47 76 + 6 51) was significantly higher than that in non-stress state (32 95 + 10 94), and the difference was statistically significant (t= 106 01, P< 0 01) There were significant differences in their understanding of different dimensions of COVID-19 knowledge (χ2=91 53, P<0 01) The high proportions of lack of understanding were found for COVID-19 related research progress (22 87%, 94/411) and symptoms (20 92%, 86/411) The main sources of psychological panic were the highly infectious trait of the virus, all wearing masks and eye glasses, information from the Internet and so on Among all kinds of released information, the numbers of cumulative confirmed cases, new confirmed cases and cumulative suspected cases were the concerned epidemic information The age, degree of anxiety in risk perception, possibility of infection, level of psychological stress and knowledge regarding COVID-19 were the predictors of psychological panic among military personnel (P<0 05 or P< 0 01) Among the dimensions of risk perception, the predictors for apprehension regarding COVID-19 among military personnel included the influence of COVID-19 on individuals and society and event characteristics of COVID-19 (P<0 05 or P<0 01) For the interventions of panic state, providing relevant medical knowledge was the most needed Conclusion: During the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic, factors such as risk perception and the sources of psychological panic can affect the psychological panic among military personnel During the CVOID-19 epidemic, corresponding measures should be taken to prevent the psychological panic among the officers and soldiers

Resilience and its influencing factors among soldiers participated in a large-scale military exercise

Objective To investigate the current situation of resilience and identify its influencing factors among soldiers who participated in a large-scale military exercise. Methods The Psychological Stress Self-Evaluation Test(PSET), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(Chinese version), Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ) were conducted in 320 servicemen during a field military exercise. Statistical package SPSS version 18.0 and SAS version 9.3 were used for the analysis. Results A total of 309 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The median score of resilience among soldiers was 60(50, 73). Resilience of soldiers show significantly negative correlations with stress(r=-0.144, P<0.05)and negative coping style(r=-0.135, P<0.05)and positive correlations with perceived social support(r=0.502, P<0.01) and positive coping style(r=0.584, P<0.01). Social support and coping style can predict the resilience of soldiers. Conclusion The soldiers’ resilience are on a medium level. Coping style and social support have some effects on resilience. Key words: Resilience; Soldier; Stress; Coping style; Perceived social support

Effects of job content on psychological stress in young recruits

To explore the effects of job content on psychological stress in young recruits. In October 2014, 625 young recruits enrolled in one troop of Xinjiang Military Command in 2014 were chosen as subjects by multi-stage stratified random sampling. The Chinese version of the job content questionnaire (JCQ)and the psychological stress self evaluation test (PEST)were used to investigate the subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups with scores higher and lower than the mean score of three subscales (job requirement, degree of autonomy, and social support)of JCQ to explore the effects of job content on psychological stress in young recruits. The correlation of psychological stress with three subscales of job content was evaluated using the Pearson' s correlation analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for psychological stress. The PEST score of young recruits was 49.98±9.98. Forty-five (7.68%)out of them had scores of ≥70 points and were diagnosed with high levels of psychological stress. When the subjects were grouped based on socio-demographic characteristics, a high level of psychological stress was significantly more frequent in subjects less than 20 years of age than in those not less than 20 years of age, in smoking subjects than in non-smoking subjects, and in urban residents than in rural residents (10.42% vs 5.03%, P<0.05; 10.14% vs 5.33%, P<0.05; 10.85% vs 5.88% , P <0.05). There were no significant differences in educational level or identity before recruitment between subjects with different levels of psychological stress (P>0.05). In various job content domains that had impacts on psychological stress, subjects with a low score of social support had significantly higher PEST scores than those with a high score of social support (50.96±10.35 vs 48.49±9.22, P<0.01). The PEST score was negatively correlated with the degree of autonomy and social support (r=-0.103, P<0.05; r=-0.239, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that job requirement and social support were influencing factors for psychological stress (OR=0.718, 95% CI= 0.718 (0.607~0.851), P<0.05; OR=1.185, 95% CI=1.185 (1.087~1.292), P<0.05). Psychological stress of young recruits in army is not optimistic. Psychological stress is weakly negatively correlated with social support. The low scores on job requirement subscale and social support subscale may be potential protective factor and risk factor for psychological stress, respectively.

The relationships among psychological stress, emotion regulation type and job burnout in military stationed in Xinjiang

Objective To explore the relationship among psychological stress, emotion regulation type and job burnout of military stationed in Xinjiang, and provide theoretical basis for intervening job burnout in military stationed in Xinjiang. Methods 757 soldiers were chosen by random cluster sampling method and measured with the job burnout scale for military personnel, the psychological stress self-evaluation test and the questionnaire of the soldier’s emotion regulation type. Results ①The scores of somatization, self-evaluation, passive work slowdown and job burnout of the only-child soldiers(respectively(6.34±4.86), (7.66±4.16), (5.00±3.51), (28.60±15.82)) were significantly higher than those of the non-only-child soldiers(respectively(5.34±4.51), (6.89±4.28), (4.25±3.22), (25.73±15.04) (t=2.804, 2.384, 2.950, 2.446; P<0.05 or P<0.01). For the score of the three factors (sense of achievement, somatization, and passive work slowdown), as well as the total score of job burnout, soldiers who had injury history were significantly higher than those who had not (t=3.471, 3.676, 4.222, 3.469; P<0.01). The total score and five factors scores of job burnout among soldiers who had high expectation were significantly lower than those soldier who had normal or less expectation (P<0.05 or P<0.01). ② Psychological stress, cognition attention, self comfort, training expectation and emotional appeal had significant predictive effect on job burnout (t=14.518, 8.241, -4.332, 2.990, -2.695; P< 0.01). ③Cognition attention played a mediating role between psychological stress and job burnout, and the rate of mediating effect was 18.8%. Self comfort played a mediating role between psychological stress and job burnout, and the rate of mediating effect was 4.4%. Conclusion Only-child or not, injury history and training expectation have important influence on job burnout.Cognition attention and self comfort play mediating role between psychological stress and job burnout. Key words: Military stationed in Xinjiang; Job burnout; Psychological stress; Emotion regulation type; Mediating effect

A cross-lagged regression analysis between resilience, mental health and psychological stress of recruits during training

Objective To explore the resilience and mental health of recruits during training, and to investigate mutual prediction of resilience between mental health and psychological stress to provide the scientific evidence for the mental health training and psychological selection of recruits. Methods Connor-Davidson resilience questionnaire (CD-RISC), symptom checklist(SCL-90), psychological stress self-evaluation test(PSET), satisfaction with life scale(SWLS), positive and negative affect scale(PANAS) were applied to 650 recruits in 2011 before starting training and after two months of training. Results ① Chinese recruits had good resilience, and the CD scores of pre-and post-test were (61.60±14.36) and (61.41±14.55) respectively.②Mental health (SCL-90) of two tests were good in recruits. ③ Correlation analysis showed that the same premise of phase correlation, resilience (pre-test) could significantly predict mental health (post-test) (β=0.070, P 0.05). Resilience (pre-test) could significantly predict psychological stress (post-test) (β=0.075, P 0.05). ④ Compared with high resilience group, low-resilience group of recruits had higher total score of SCL-90 and psychological stress and less positive emotion, more negative emotion and lower life satisfaction. Conclusion The recruits training have good resilience. Resilience of recruits have predictive ability to mental health, psychological stress during training. Key words: Training; Recruits; Resilience; Mental health; Cross-lagged regression analysis

心理控制源对军事应激的影响：应对方式的中介作用

目的：探讨心理控制源、应对方式及军事应激之间的关系。方法：采用内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表(IPC)、军人心理应激自评问卷(PSET)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对347名军人进行调查。结果：军事应激与机遇和有势力他人、消极应对呈显著正相关，与积极应对方式呈显著负相关；内控性与积极应对呈显著正相关，外在控制源(机遇和有势力他人)与消极应对呈显著正相关，而与积极应对呈显著负相在；积极应对在内控性和军事应激之间起完全中介作用。结论：心理控制源是军事应激的有效预测因素，且积极应对在二者之间起完全中介作用。 Objective: This study investigated the relationship among locus of control, coping style and military stress. Methods: Three hundred and forty-seven servicemen were surveyed with Internality, Powerful Others, and Chance Scale, Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Results: Military stress was positive correlated with powerful others, chance, and negative coping style significantly. Positive coping style was positive correlated with internality significantly. Negative coping style was positive correlated with powerful others and chance significantly. Positive coping style mediated the effect of internality on military stress totally. Con-clusion: Locus of control can effectively predict military stress, and positive coping style mediates the relationship between locus of control and military stress.

Effects of resilience training on the warship soldiers' work fatigue, psychological stress and mental health

Objective To study the effects of resilience training on work fatigue,psychological stress and mental health in warship soldiers.Methods 100 warship soldiers were selected and divided randomly into training-group (n=45) and control group (n=55),and the training group was divided into two groups by casting lots ( n t =22,n 2 =23 ).The shedding rate of the training group was 13％ (6 out of 45 ),while the control group was 10％ (5 out of 50).All of them were tested by the Resilience Scale for Adults ( RSA),Newly Developed Questionnaire for Work Related Fatigue Feelings (WRFFQ),Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test (PSET) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) before and after training.According to resilience theory and its elements to design the group-training,10 times resilience training was arranged 2 hours once per week for the training group.The aim was to train members' self-awareness,emotion management,interpersonal communication,problem solving and social support and other capabilities.Before training there were no significant differences between the training-group and control-group in age,military service,job and education level and total average score of RSA,WRFFQ score,PSET standard scores and the SCL-90 total average score (P＞ 0.05 ).Results ①Compared with the pre-test resuits,the RSA ( 2.90 + 0.47) scores of training-group ( n =39) significantly increased after training,but the scores of WRFFQ(33.62 ± 11.24),PSET(47.80 ±9.09) and 5CL-90( 1.14 ±0.09) significantly reduced (P＜0.05) ;For control group ( n =50),no significant differences were found in scores of RSA (2.56 + 0.57 ),WRFFQ (42.38± 17.76),PSET( 53.70 ± 13.25) and SCL-90( 1.43 ± 0.45 ) (P＞0.05 ) ; ②Compared to the control group,posttest scores of RSA significantly increased,but the scores of WRFFQ,PSET and SCL-90 significantly decreased for the training-group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Resilience training can effectively improve warship soldiers' resilience,increase their anti-stress ability and mental health level and reduce fatigue symptoms. Key words: Resilience training; Work fatigue; Psychological stress

The influence of military exercises on mental health and serum copeptin of the soldiers in field army

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the mental health and the change of serum copeptin,cortisol and aldosterone levels of the soldiers in field army under military exercises stress.Methods A total of 294 soldiers were evaluated with the psychological stress self evaluation test (PSET) before the exercises and the soldiers whose PSET score were T ＜ 70 had to accept the survey with the general information questionnaire before the exercises, and another two questionnaires including PSET and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) after the exercises, the higher stress group and lower stress group were defined according to the PSET score, T≥70 and T ＜ 70 respectively.Meanwhile, we draw the venous blood of them in order to detect the serum concentration of copeptin,cortisol and aldosterone before and after the military exercise.Results ( 1 ) After the survey of PSET before the exercises,263 soldiers were determined to be the final research objects.According to the score of PSET after the exercises, 104 soldiers(39.5% ) were considered as the higher stress group,and the symptoms mainly included anxiety,hostility and poor sleep and appetite.(2) Compared with the lower stress group,the higher stress group were younger(21.51 ± 3.13 vs 24.09 ± 4.16, P ＜ 0.01 ), higher at the proportion of soldiers ( 68.27% vs 54.09%, P＜0.01 ) and lower at the proportion of soldiers who have experiences of military exercises(37.50% vs 57.23%, P＜0.01 ).(3) Compared with the lower stress group,the higher stress group had higher score in EPQN ( 10.43 ± 1.78 vs 8.77 ± 1.67, P ＜ 0.01 ).(4) The serum levels of copeptin ( P ＜ 0.01 ), cortisol ( P ＜ 0.01 )and aldosterone( P＜0.01 ) have increased after the military exercise.Compared with the lower stress group, the higher stress group have higher serum copeptin level ( 11.36 ± 2.21 vs 9.43 ± 2.34, P ＜ 0.01 ) after the exercises.( 5 ) The relationship between PSET score and the copeptin level after exercise can be expressed as a formula: PSET score = 27.909 + 3.669X ( X: copeptin level after exercise), and 11.472 pmol/L was considered as the threshold value.Conclusion As a strong stress agent, military exercises may cause obvious physiological changes and has notable effect on related hormones.The change of serum copeptin level can be used as a sensitive indicator to determine the degree of stress. Key words: Field army; Psychology; Copeptin; Cortisol; Aldosterone

Research on resilience, self-awareness, personality, stress levels and mental health of warship soldiers

Objective To study the relationships among resilience, self-awareness, personality, stress level and mental health in the warship soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults ( RSA), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ( EPQ), Self Acceptance Questionnaire( SAQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale( GSES), Wallance Self Concept Scale (WSCS), Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test (PSET) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90)were used to survey 1451 warship soldiers. Results ① 2.5％ of the warship soldiers reported obvious psychological stress. Mental health of warship soldiers was worse than the norm of China population, except for obsessivecompulsive and interpersonal sensitivity factor. While the scores of other factors were significantly higher than the norm of Chinese soldiers(P＜0.01). ②The total scores of SCL-90, psychological stress and resilience, internal/external had negative correlation with self-awareness, and positive correlation with neuroticism. Compared to the SCL-90-negative group,SCL-90-positive soldiers (SCL-90 total score ＞ 160) had higher scores of nervousness and PSET and lower scores of RSA, internal/external and self-awareness (P ＜ 0.01 ). ③Regression analysis showed that stress levels, emotional stability,self-awareness and resilience were able to predict 35.1％ of mental health in warship soldiers. Mental health, emotional stability, internal/external and resilience were able to predict 33.2％of individual's stress level. Conclusion To some extent, warship soldiers have psychological stress and mental health problems. Resilience, personality, self-awareness are important factors affecting psychological stress and mental health. Key words: Resilience; Self-awareness; Psychological stress

The correlation of psychological stress and personality of the peacekeeping soldiers during the mission period

Objective To investigate the correlation of psychological stress and personality of the peace keeping soldiers when they were implementing their mission.Methods 80 soldiers were investigated by Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test(PSET),Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ)during initial and end stage of mission.Results(1)The number of persons whose T score of PEST≥70 increased from 6(4.44%)to 14(10.4%)during the mission,there is significant different between initial and end stage of mission.(2)The scores of SCL-90 factors including somatization,anxiety,interpersonal sensitivity and depression in the end stage of mission are significantly increased when compared with the initial stage;(3)The EPQ-N score in the end stage of mission is significantly higher than that of the initial stage;(4)The T score of PEST is positively correlated with EPQ-P and EPQ-N,but negatively correlated with EPQ-L;and the SCL-90 factors are positively correlated with EPQ-P and EPQ-N,but negatively correlated with EPQ-L.Conclusion The peacekeeping soldiers have remarkable changes in psychological stress and mental health during the mission period and personality influence psychological stress significantly;and extrovert personality and stable emotion aajustment are positive factors for the mental health of peacekeeping soldiers. Key words: Peacekeeping soldiers; Psychological stress; Personality; Correlation