Psychological Science Research Articles

Correlations between representation theory andintentionality theory

The Theories of Representation and Intentionality have emerged from various fields of knowledge, including Psychology, Philosophy, and Cognitive Sciences. Within the realm of Information Science, the concept of Information Representation has gained widespread acceptance, while studies on Intentionality Theory remain relatively limited. In light of the post-custodial paradigm, informational subjects are recognized as active participants in the socio-informational landscape, employing their intentionality to produce, organize, represent, and seek information across diverse digital information environments. This research endeavors to identify the correlations between Representation and Intentionality Theories within the context of Information Science, examining their contributions to Information Findability. Information Findability encompasses a theoretical-practical approach to designing, implementing, and evaluating information environments. This study adopts a bibliographical and exploratory approach, employing qualitative methods and utilizing databases such as the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) Periodicals Portal, the Information Science Database (BRAPCI), and Google Scholar. The research findings reveal correlations between Representation and Intentionality Theories, highlighting the significance of these theoretical underpinnings in enhancing Information Findability. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for further exploration of Intentionality in Information Science, given the scarcity of research in this area and its relevance in incorporating the informational subject's perspective into the concept of Information Findability.

Assessment of Nurses' Perception toward Application of Evidence Based Practice Approach

Background Evidence-based nursing practice (EBNP) has become one of the most effective methods for improving patient outcomes and the quality of care as well as delivering cost-efficient health care. Nurses' perspectives are critical to the successful adoption of evidence -based practice. While positive views regarding EBP serve as a foundation for developing appropriate nursing approaches to improve patient care, there is a noticeable gap between belief in evidence-based practice advantages and actual implementation. Objective : To assess nurses’ perception toward the application of an evidence-based practice approach. Methods : A non-probability using a convenience sampling. Data were collected through self administered questionnaire technique for data collection, which is constructed through the extensive review of the related literature that consisted of two assessment parts first one consist of demographic data, and the second part of the assessment tool is concerned with assessing the nurse's perception scale which include three parts, the first part contains (4) statement, the second part contains (3) statement and the last part contains (2) statement developed by Majid et al (2011). The reliability of the instrument was the Cronbach alpha of perception section was between 0.68 to 0.95, and the face validity of the study instruments was determined by a panel of (12) experts in the Nursing and Medicine fields, and science of psychology, All the experts agreed that the instrument is valid with some suggested modifications. Data were analyzed through the application of frequency, percentage and the inferential statistical analysis approach is used to test the study null hypotheses within a confidence interval equal to 0.95(Chi-square which is used to determine the association between nurses' perception and demographic data). Such analyses are computed by using the SPSS program version 24. Results : The findings indicate that the total assessment of perception about application of evidence-based practice approach about (39.54%) of the nurses have poor perception of evidence-based practice,(51.23 %) of them have moderate perception; while (9.32 %) of them have good levels according to the total assessment of perception about evidence-based practice. Conclusion: According to the study results and discussion half of nurses have good perception toward application of evidence based practice approach when assessed by the statistical analysis.

Gift and ghost authorship and the use of authorship guidelines in psychology journals: A cross-sectional survey

More than 800 (co-)authors participated in a large-scale cross-sectional survey on inappropriate attribution of authorship and the use of explicit authorship guidelines in psychological science (response rate 29.6%, predominantly from Europe and North America). Almost half of the respondents had been involved in a study where someone was added as an author who did not contribute substantially (gift authorship) at least a few times. Being involved in a study where someone was not listed as an author when they contributed substantially (ghost authorship) was experienced considerably less frequently. In approximately half of the respondents’ research settings, the use of explicit authorship guidelines is actively encouraged, leading to more frequent discussion of authorship in earlier stages, as well as to the perception of authorship decisions as fairer. Encouraging the use of explicit authorship guidelines is a simple yet effective intervention. Importantly, the American Psychological Association’s (APA) authorship guidelines are considerably more lenient than the widely used criteria of the Committee on Publication Ethics and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

Eudaimonia Among University Students

This research aimed to identify Eudaimonia among University students, and the significance of statistical differences in Eudaimonia according to the variable of gender (males, females) and specialization (scientific - humanities) among university students. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built a scale (Eudaimonia) according to the Huta model (9). The Eudaimonia scale consisted of (12) items, and the face validity and construct validity of the tool were verified. The reliability of the scale was verified by a retest method, as its reliability coefficient reached (0.84), and the reliability coefficient using the Cronbach’s alpha method reached (0.86). The scale was presented to a group of arbitrators specialized in the field of educational and psychological sciences, measurement, evaluation, and extracting the discriminatory power of the items. The sample of this research amounted to (400) male and female University students, and using statistical methods (t-test for one sample and for two independent samples, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the ratio Percentile) and using the statistical package (SPSS). The results of the research showed that there is Eudaimonia among University students, and there are no statistically significant differences depending on the gender variable (males, females), and there are no statistically significant differences depending on the specialization variable (scientific, humanities), and the research concluded. A set of suggestions and recommendations.

Direction of research and innovation in modern psychology (from the experience of foreign research)

The article creates a comparative intellectual platform by analyzing research in modern psychology. It is analyzed that analysis of the direction of new foreign modern research is the basis for increasing the intellectual potential of Kazakhstani psychological science. Modern professional research in the new direction of psychological science, research familiar from the results of scientific activity, are examined in detail. It can be noted that almost all the psychological research discussed in the article at congresses and conferences are studies that fully cover the social sphere and the requirements of the time. Foreign research is largely related to effective scientific research in Kazakhstan in the direction of developing the integration of science and knowledge, production in accordance with the requirements of new times. The article presents the foundations of world scientific psychological research, which determine the direction of our research, and analyzes scientific research on the Asian continents and the Pacific Ocean. The authors discuss their research at cognitive behavioral psychology conferences in Singapore, reviewing research from world congresses in Africa, Japan and the prestigious Global Science Technology Forum (GSTF) in Singapore, while witnessing conferences held by that organization. The authors summarize their thoughts that by familiarizing ourselves with many innovation studies, we can increase our own innovation potential.

Gender-Driven English Speech Emotion Recognition with Genetic Algorithm.

Speech emotion recognition based on gender holds great importance for achieving more accurate, personalized, and empathetic interactions in technology, healthcare, psychology, and social sciences. In this paper, we present a novel gender-emotion model. First, gender and emotion features were extracted from voice signals to lay the foundation for our recognition model. Second, a genetic algorithm (GA) processed high-dimensional features, and the Fisher score was used for evaluation. Third, features were ranked by their importance, and the GA was improved through novel crossover and mutation methods based on feature importance, to improve the recognition accuracy. Finally, the proposed algorithm was compared with state-of-the-art algorithms on four common English datasets using support vector machines (SVM), and it demonstrated superior performance in accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, the number of selected features, and running time. The proposed algorithm faced challenges in distinguishing between neutral, sad, and fearful emotions, due to subtle vocal differences, overlapping pitch and tone variability, and similar prosodic features. Notably, the primary features for gender-based differentiation mainly involved mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and log MFCC.

Ordinal Outcome State-Space Models for Intensive Longitudinal Data

AbstractIntensive longitudinal (IL) data are increasingly prevalent in psychological science, coinciding with technological advancements that make it simple to deploy study designs such as daily diary and ecological momentary assessments. IL data are characterized by a rapid rate of data collection (1+ collections per day), over a period of time, allowing for the capture of the dynamics that underlie psychological and behavioral processes. One powerful framework for analyzing IL data is state-space modeling, where observed variables are considered measurements for underlying states (i.e., latent variables) that change together over time. However, state-space modeling has typically relied on continuous measurements, whereas psychological data often come in the form of ordinal measurements such as Likert scale items. In this manuscript, we develop a general estimation approach for state-space models with ordinal measurements, specifically focusing on a graded response model for Likert scale items. We evaluate the performance of our model and estimator against that of the commonly used “linear approximation” model, which treats ordinal measurements as though they are continuous. We find that our model resulted in unbiased estimates of the state dynamics, while the linear approximation resulted in strongly biased estimates of the state dynamics. Finally, we develop an approximate standard error, termed slice standard errors and show that these approximate standard errors are more liberal than true standard errors (i.e., smaller) at a consistent bias.

Emerging Themes and Research Frontiers in Suicide Prediction: A Scientometric Analysis.

Suicide remains a critical global health issue despite advancements in mental health treatment.The purpose of this analysis is to emphasize the development, patterns, and noteworthy outcomes of suicide prediction research. It also helps to uncover gaps and areas of under-researched topics within suicide prediction. A scientometric analysis was conducted using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. To thoroughly assess the academic literature on suicide prediction, various scientometric methodologies such as trend analysis and citation analysis were employed. We utilized the temporal features of the Web of Science to analyze publication trends over time. Author affiliation data were used to investigate the geographic distribution of research. Cluster analysis was performed by grouping related keywords into clusters to identify overarching themes within the literature. A total of 1,703 articles from 828 different sources, spanning from 1942 to 2023, were collected for the analysis. Machine learning techniques might have a big influence on suicide-related event prediction, which would enhance attempts at suicide prevention and intervention. The conceptual understanding of suicide prediction is enhanced by scientometric analysis, which further uncovers the research gap and literature in this area. Suicide prediction research underscores that suicidal behavior is not caused by a single factor but is the result of a complex interplay of multiple factors. These factors may include biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Understanding and integrating these factors into predictive models is a theoretical advancement in the field. Unlike previous bibliometric studies in the field of suicide prediction that have typically focused on specific subtopics or data sources, our analysis offers a comprehensive mapping of the entire landscape. We encompass a wide range of suicide prediction literature, including research from medical, psychological, and social science domains, thus providing a holistic overview.

An Examination of Learning Using Fourier Analysis of Mathematical Models of Consciousness

The concept of consciousness remains quite possibly the ultimate mystery for humanity. It is somehow linked to the ability to learn and experience the external environment. The process of learning is of utmost importance to any species and yet remains largely not understood. While many experts from varying fields throughout history have attempted to quantify and measure learning, all failed to capture the process with a mathematical explanation. The purpose of this paper is to present three different models of consciousness and their related Fourier transform and evaluate the ability of each to capture some of the behavior that is understood about the conscious experience. There is some evidence that the experience of consciousness as a function of time can be measured in an expression of phase. With this hypothesis, the technique of Fourier transform becomes a useful tool to examine a mathematical model of consciousness that can be transformed from the phase plane to the linearization of time. This paper summarizes some current research on consciousness and learning and perception of time. This paper then presents three different models of consciousness represented as a pulse function, Dirac Delta function, and exponential decay function and examines each model utilizing Fourier transform. Finally, this paper concludes that the intersection between psychology, neuroscience and cognitive science can be made by utilizing analysis tools in the field of applied mathematics.

Studying the Place of Transcendental Ideals and Human Instincts in Modern Psychology: An Insight into the Alternative Discourse of Mohammad Rafi-ud-Din

The integration of psychological and natural sciences is an ongoing process that aims to understand the human mind in the context of the natural world. Rafi-ud-Din has made significant contributions to this field with his concept of human nature and psychology. He argues that the urge for ideals is the real, ultimate, and sole dynamic power of human actions, and that it finds its roots not in instincts but in something transcendental and metaphysical. He describes man as a spiritual and moral self that has innate knowledge of good and evil, and builds his own discourse to describe human nature in the light of the Qur’ān. He also addresses the influential theories of Marx, Freud, Adler, and MacDougall at length and critiques the ideas that view human nature as primarily driven by instincts, arguing that this view reduces man to the status of a social animal and ignores the spiritual and moral dimension of human existence. His alternative discourse on the role of instincts in human psychology and the place of transcendent ideals in understanding man offers a unique perspective on this topic, and his work is an important contribution to the ongoing debate on the integration of psychological and natural sciences. This paper aims to study the ideas and approaches of Rafi-ud-Din about Human Nature and his efforts to refute the thoughts of modern thinkers.

X anniversary international conference of young scientists “Psychology — the science of the future”

On November 16–17, 2023, the X anniversary international conference of young scientists “Psychology — the Science of the Future” was held at the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) with the support of the Faculty of Psychology of the State Academic University of Humanities. The event was dedicated to discussing topical issues of psychological science, new methods of research and data processing, and the development of cooperation between young scientists from various universities and scientific institutes. The conference featured presentations by participants from more than 30 cities of Russia, near and far abroad in nine scientific areas, breakout sessions, master classes, a round table and lectures. As a result, an electronic collection of conference materials was released. Also experts highlighted the best reports with the right to publish articles in the twelfth collection of young scientists “Psychological Research”, published by the by the Faculty of Psychology of the State Academic University of Humanities and the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Driving role of perceived psychological factors in households’ low-carbon behaviors: A study based on the Chinese household carbon generalized system of preferences

Reducing household carbon emissions is crucial to achieve carbon neutrality. The household carbon generalized system of preferences (HCGSP) has attracted widespread attention as a new solution to promote low-carbon behavior among Chinese households. However, the perception of CGSP among households and the underlying mechanisms that drive low-carbon behavior remain unclear, creating barriers to the wider adoption of the HCGSP in households. Taking the HCGSP pilot city of Shenzhen as the study area, this study explored the effects of families with different personality traits on their perception of HCGSP and low-carbon behaviors from the perspectives of perceptual psychology and behavioral science using the extended theory of planned behavior and the Big Five personality theory as the research framework. Findings suggest that attitudes generally influence families' low-carbon behavioral intentions. Perceived personal interest (PPI) and policy perception (PA) also affected low-carbon behavioral intentions significantly. We believe that attention should be paid to the influence of attitudes on households’ low-carbon behaviors and the development of universal HCGSP interventions based on attitudes, along with publicity and education activities related to PPI and PA, which will help promote low-carbon behaviors in households.

An integrated approach to coaching for individual thriving

The purpose of coaching psychology is to apply knowledge and methods from the psychological sciences to promote human thriving. This article builds on a presentation given at the British Psychological Society’s coaching psychology conference in June 2023. It begins by arguing for the need for an integrated model of thriving that is relevant for coaching. It then reviews the history of psychological research into thriving and associated concepts and presents an overview of current models of thriving in psychology. Finally, the paper proposes an integrated model of coaching for thriving: the 4Es of energy, engagement, expansion and exploration. This model is intended to help coaches operationalise the psychological research on thriving as a focus for coaching psychology practice and research.

Control in context: The theta rhythm provides evidence for reactive control but no evidence for proactive control.

A prime goal of psychological science is to understand how humans can flexibly adapt to rapidly changing contexts. The foundation of this cognitive flexibility rests on contextual adjustments of cognitive control, which can be tested using the list-wide proportion congruency effect (LWPC). Blocks with mostly incongruent (MI) trials show smaller conflict interference effects compared to blocks with mostly congruent (MC) trials. A critical debate is how proactive and reactive control processes drive contextual adjustments. In this preregistered study (N = 30), we address this conundrum, by using the theta rhythm as a key neural marker for cognitive control. In a confound-minimized Stroop paradigm with short alternating MC and MI blocks, we tested reaction times, error rates, and participants' individualized theta activity (2-7 Hz) in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram. An LWPC effect was found for both, reaction times and error rates. Importantly, the results provided clear evidence for reactive control processes in the theta rhythm: Theta power was higher in rare incongruent compared with congruent trials in MC blocks, but there was no such modulation in MI blocks. However, regarding proactive control, there were no differences in sustained theta power between MC and MI blocks. A complementary analysis of the alpha activity (8-14 Hz) also revealed no evidence for sustained attentional resources in MI blocks. These findings suggest that contextual adjustments rely mainly on reactive control processes in the theta rhythm. Proactive control, in the present study, may be limited to a flexible attentional shift but does not seem to require sustained theta activity.

The double empathy problem: A derivation chain analysis and cautionary note.

Work on the "double empathy problem" (DEP) is rapidly growing in academic and applied settings (e.g., clinical practice). It is most popular in research on conditions, like autism, which are characterized by social cognitive difficulties. Drawing from this literature, we propose that, while research on the DEP has the potential to improve understanding of both typical and atypical social processes, it represents a striking example of a weak derivation chain in psychological science. The DEP is poorly conceptualized, and we find that it is being conflated with many other constructs (i.e., reflecting the "jingle-jangle" fallacy). We provide examples to show how this underlies serious problems with translating theoretical claims into empirical predictions and evidence. To start tackling these problems, we propose that DEP research needs reconsideration, particularly through a better synthesis with the cognitive neuroscience literature on social interaction. Overall, we argue for a strengthening of the derivation chain pertaining to the DEP, toward more robust research on (a)typical social cognition. Until then, we caution against the translation of DEP research into applied settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Ensuring Mental Well-being in the Digital World: Challenges and Approaches

In recent years, the integration of digital technology into mental health care has become increasingly prevalent. However, digitalization serves as a dual-force catalyst in the domain of psychological sciences, presenting a spectrum of unparalleled opportunities and significant challenges. The technological growth required for providing mental health interventions transcending geographical and temporal constraints also contributes massively to the emergence of psychological phenomena that can detrimentally impact mental health. This overview explores the intricate relationship shared between digitalization and mental health, investigating the challenges posed by the digital landscape on psychological well-being while highlighting the potential of digital platforms to address mental health concerns and enhance overall well-being

Rekonseptualisasi Epistemologi: Metode Islamisasi dalam Ilmu Psikologi Modern

Modern psychology is often considered inadequate in addressing human psychological issues holistically due to its lack of spiritual dimension and an overemphasis on psychological aspects. This leads to the loss of essential direction and purpose in understanding human behavior. This study aims to explore the approach of Islamization as a solution to improve the shortcomings of modern psychology. The focus is on the reconceptualization of epistemology in modern psychological science through the integration of Islamic values with modern psychological concepts and theories. This research uses a qualitative approach by collecting data from various relevant literature sources on modern psychology and Islam. The data are analyzed thematically to identify patterns and themes that emerge in the context of the epistemology and methodology of psychology. The results of the study indicate that Islamization in modern psychological science can result in a reconceptualization of epistemology that considers the spiritual and psychological dimensions of humans in a balanced manner. By integrating Islamic principles into psychological theories and methods, this approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Consequently, Islamic psychology becomes a significant alternative in healing and comprehensively understanding human psychological issues, as well as restoring essential direction and purpose in modern psychological science. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of more inclusive and holistic psychological theories and practices.

Causal inference for treatment effects in partially nested designs.

artially nested designs (PNDs) are common in intervention studies in psychology and other social sciences. With this design, participants are assigned to treatment and control groups on an individual basis, but clustering occurs in some but not all groups (e.g., the treatment group). In recent years, there has been substantial development of methods for analyzing data from PNDs. However, little research has been done on causal inference for PNDs, especially for PNDs with nonrandomized treatment assignments. To reduce the research gap, in the current study, we used the expanded potential outcomes framework to define and identify the average causal treatment effects in PNDs. Based on the identification results, we formulated the outcome models that could produce treatment effect estimates with causal interpretation and evaluated how alternative model specifications affect the causal interpretation. We also developed an inverse propensity weighted (IPW) estimation approach and proposed a sandwich-type standard error estimator for the IPW-based estimate. Our simulation studies demonstrated that both the outcome modeling and the IPW methods specified following the identification results can yield satisfactory estimates and inferences of the average causal treatment effects. We applied the proposed approaches to data from a real-life pilot study of the Pregnant Moms' Empowerment Program for illustration. The current study provides guidance and insights on causal inference for PNDs and adds to researchers' toolbox of treatment effect estimation with PNDs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Global research and scientific publications on PND between 1969 and 2022: A bibliometric analysis.

We hope to offer a comprehensive understanding of the advancements and patterns in research on PND. Methods: We performed a thorough search on the Web of Science Core Collection to locate relevant studies published from 1969 to 2022 and utilized four distinct tools, namely VOSviewer (J Data Inf Sci, 2017, 2, 1; J Am Soc Inf Sci, 1973, 24, 265; Amer Doc, 1963, 14, 10 and Scientometrics, 2010, 82, 581), CiteSpace (Scientometrics, 2010, 84, 523), Scimago Graphica, and R-bibliometrix which allowed us to examine various aspects. Results: We included a total of 6787 articles and reviews for analysis which described PND research, the sources, and the subfields; highlighted the significant developments in this field; identified three main directions in PND.Conclusion: This study highlights the rapid growth of research on PND in recent years and provided an overview of previous studies in the field of PND, thereby establishing the overall landscape of PND research and identifying potential avenues for future investigations. We performed a thorough search on the Web of Science Core Collection to locate relevant studies published from 1969 to 2022. To perform bibliometric analysis and network visualization, we utilized four distinct tools, namely VOSviewer (J Data Inf Sci, 2017, 2, 1; J Am Soc Inf Sci, 1973, 24, 265; Amer Doc, 1963, 14, 10 and Scientometrics, 2010, 82, 581), CiteSpace (Scientometrics, 2010, 84, 523), Scimago Graphica, and R-bibliometrix. These tools allowed us to examine various aspects, including the yearly publication output, the contribution of different countries or regions, the involvement of active journals, co-citation analysis, publication status, keywords, and terms, as well as scientific categories. We hope to offer a comprehensive understanding of the advancements and patterns in research on PND. The insights gained from this study can assist researchers and clinicians in enhancing the management and implementation of their work in this field. In this study, we included a total of 6787 articles and reviews for analysis. First, publication trends and contribution by country analysis described PND research. Second, a historical analysis described PND research, the sources, and the subfields. Third, an analysis of keywords highlighted the significant developments in this field. Fourth, an analysis of research themes identified three main directions in PND. In summary, the research volume exhibits exponential growth over time. Furthermore, the majority of contributions originate from Western countries and China. The interdisciplinary nature of the field is evident, with its roots in biology and medicine and further branching into psychology and social sciences. POCD, delirium-predominant associated clinical management were major research themes about PND.

Comparing theories with the Ising model of explanatory coherence.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 29(3) of Psychological Methods (see record 2025-28068-002). In the article, the copyright attribution was incorrectly listed, and the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license disclaimer was incorrectly omitted from the author note. The correct copyright is "© 2023 The Author(s)," and the omitted disclaimer is below: Open Access funding provided by University College London: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0). This license permits copying and redistributing the work in any medium or format, as well as adapting the material for any purpose, even commercially.] Theories are among the most important tools of science. Lewin (1943) already noted "There is nothing as practical as a good theory." Although psychologists discussed problems of theory in their discipline for a long time, weak theories are still widespread in most subfields. One possible reason for this is that psychologists lack the tools to systematically assess the quality of their theories. Thagard (1989) developed a computational model for formal theory evaluation based on the concept of explanatory coherence. However, there are possible improvements to Thagard's (1989) model and it is not available in software that psychologists typically use. Therefore, we developed a new implementation of explanatory coherence based on the Ising model. We demonstrate the capabilities of this new Ising model of Explanatory Coherence (IMEC) on several examples from psychology and other sciences. In addition, we implemented it in the R-package IMEC to assist scientists in evaluating the quality of their theories in practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).