Psychological Resilience Scale Research Articles

Psychological Resilience and Related Factors among Primary Care Workers in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

PurposePrimary medical workers constitute a high-risk group for mental health problems, and psychological resilience might protect them from the negative psychological impacts of their work. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the current situation of psychological resilience among primary care workers in Wuhan, China, as well as related factors. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 417 primary care workers (30.0% men; 38.5±8.5 years old) were randomly selected to complete a questionnaire. The brief version of the National Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire and the Psychological Resilience Scale were used to assess participants’ mental health literacy and psychological resilience, respectively. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with the psychological resilience of primary care workers. ResultsMore than four-fifths of the primary care workers included in this study exhibited appropriate levels of mental health knowledge. In terms of mental health skills, participants’ attainment rates, ranging from high to low, were 60.9% for distracting attention, 45.3% for interpersonal support and 43.9% for cognitive reappraisal. The average psychological resilience score obtained by primary care workers was 27.81±5.71, and the factors associated with increased psychological resilience included being male, being older, and possessing higher mental health skills, including skills pertaining to interpersonal support and distracting attention. ConclusionThe psychological resilience of primary care workers in Wuhan is at a moderate level and thus requires further improvement. Although these medical staff exhibit appropriate levels of mental health knowledge, their mental health skills are relatively poor, despite the fact that interpersonal support and distracting attention are significantly associated with psychological resilience. Hence, interventions targeting mental health skills are recommended to promote psychological resilience among primary care workers.

Investigation of Gambling Behavior, Self-Confidence and Psychological Resilience Levels of University Students.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between gambling behavior, self-confidence, and psychological resilience levels among university students. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the relationship between gambling behavior and socio-demographic variables. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2023. The research employed a questionnaire, the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale, the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and the Self-Confidence Scale. The study was carried out online, reaching 229 students through Google Forms. According to the SOGS scores, 4.8% of the students are at risk of gambling addiction. Male students have statistically significantly higher SOGS scores than female students. The SOGS score is significantly higher in working students, smokers, and alcohol drinkers (p < 0.05). No statistically significant relationship was found between the students' SOGS scores and the self- confidence scale (p = 0.637) and the brief resilience scale (p = 0.675). It is thought that training should be given to risky groups in order to prevent gambling behavior. In addition, it is thought that supporting university students to be active in different arts and sports fields may have a positive effect on preventing and reducing addictions.

Psychological health status of Chinese university students: based on Psychological Resilience Dynamic System Model

IntroductionThe mental health of unverisity students is influenced by diverse factorsis multifaceted, requiring further investigation to evaluate its current status and determinants. The present study aims to address this gap by targeting Chinese university students and employing the Psychological Resilience Dynamic System model. Through a questionnaire survey, this research endeavors to explore the mental health status and influencing factors. Ultimately, the findings of this study aim to provide a theoretical basis and tailored practical guidance for the development of mental health intervention strategies for university students.MethodsBased on the Psychological Resilience Dynamic System Model, the mental health status of 3,390 Chinese university students from 15 universities was empirically investigated with the principle of stratified sampling and the geographical distribution and disciplinary diversity of universities. The questionnaires used included Kessler psychological distress scale, psychological resilience scale,positive psychological capital scale, family hardiness index and social support scale. Among the participants, 47.85% were male and 52.15% were female. Regarding the origin, 42.89% of the students were from rural areas, while 57.11% were from urban areas.ResultsKey findings unveil: (1) A prevalence of 24.54% in students has suboptimal mental health, with 18.70 and 5.84%, respectively, representing those with poor and relatively poor mental health conditions; (2) A noteworthy negative correlation (p &amp;lt; 0.01) between mental health scores of university students and nine pivotal factors, including psychological resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, hope, resilience, family resilience, objective support, subjective support, and support utilization; (3) Eight factors, including grade, family economic status, psychological resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, family resilience, objective support, and support utilization, emerge as significant predictors of university students’ mental health (p &amp;lt;0.001), collectively elucidating 57.9% of the total variance in mental health.DiscussionThe aforementioned research results, indicate that the influencing factors on the mental health of university students encompass four main aspects. These include individual demographic factors such as grade and family economic status, positive psychological capital factors such as psychological resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience, family resilience factors including responsibility, control, and challenge, and societal support factors including objective support, subjective support, and support utilization. Based on this, this paper focuses on four recommendations: giving full play to the leading role of universities in mental health education and stress intervention, strengthening the educational power of positive family ideals and role modeling, building a support system for positive social atmosphere and psychological counseling, and improving the self-shaping ability of university students’ psychological resilience and positive psychological capital. These recommendations aspire to better promote the mental health of university students and provide a strength reserve for psychological problem intervention.

Effects of intensive psychological intervention on treatment compliance, psychological status, and quality of life of patients with epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a nervous system disease characterized by recurrent attacks, a long disease course, and an unfavorable prognosis. It is associated with an enduring therapeutic process, and finding a cure has been difficult. Patients with epilepsy are predisposed to adverse moods, such as resistance, anxiety, nervousness, and anxiety, which compromise treatment compliance and overall efficacy. To explored the influence of intensive psychological intervention on treatment compliance, psychological status, and quality of life (QOL) of patients with epilepsy. The clinical data of 105 patients with epilepsy admitted between December 2019 and July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including those of 50 patients who underwent routine intervention (control group) and 55 who underwent intensive psychological intervention (research group). Treatment compliance, psychological status based on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Depression Scale Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores, hope level assessed using the Herth Hope Scale (HHS), psychological resilience evaluated using the Psychological Resilience Scale, and QOL determined using the QOL in Epilepsy-31 Inventory (QOLIE-31) were comparatively analyzed. Treatment compliance in the research group was 85.5%, which is significantly better than the 68.0% of the control group. No notable intergroup differences in preinterventional SAS and SDS scores were identified (P > 0.05); however, after the intervention, the SAS and SDS scores decreased significantly in the two groups, especially in the research group (P < 0.05). The two groups also exhibited no significant differences in preinterventional HHS, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and QOLIE-31 scores (P > 0.05). After 6 months of intervention, the research group showed evidently higher HHS, CD-RISC, tenacity, optimism, strength, and QOLIE-31 scores (P < 0.05). Intensive psychological intervention enhances treatment compliance, psychological status, and QOL of patients with epilepsy.

Gratitude predicts prosocial tendency through psychological resilience-cross-sectional study in Arab cultures.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gratitude and prosocial tendency and the potential mediating role of psychological resilience in this association. Six hundred and seventy-six Saudi Arabia and Egyptian students completed the Gratitude Scale, Prosocial tendency Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale. The results showed no significant differences in gratitude, prosocial tendency and psychological resilience according to culture or gender in both countries. Moreover, gratitude positively correlated with prosocial tendency and psychological resilience. Furthermore, the results revealed that psychological resilience significantly mediated the association between gratitude and prosocial tendency. We conclude that gratitude predicts prosocial tendency and psychological resilience plays a mediating role in this association among Arab societies.

The Impact of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy in enhancing Psychological Resilience among basic education teachers in Oman: Longitudinal Study

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy counseling program in enhancing the psychological resilience of basic education teachers in the Dhofar Region, south of the Sultanate of Oman. The experimental study sample consisted of (60) male teachers in cycle two of basic education in Dhofar Governorate with low psychological resilience scores. This sample was randomly divided into two equivalence groups: one experimental group and the other control group. Each group consisted of (30) male teachers. The counseling program was applied for the male teachers in the experimental group rather than the control group to develop psychological resilience with them. The researchers have used the psychological resilience scale (prepared by the researchers) and a counseling program based on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (prepared by the researchers). The results of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences at level (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental and the control group in the post-test on the psychological resilience scale in favor of the experimental group. There are also statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental group in both the pre-test and post-test on the psychological resilience scale in favor of the post-test. This revealed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in increasing the level of psychological resilience among male teachers as the scores of teachers rose significantly on the pre-test. In addition, the study has also concluded with finding non-statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group in both pre-test and follow-up tests on the psychological resilience scale. The results emphasise continuing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy's effectiveness in increasing psychological resilience among male teachers. In the light of the results, it can be recommended by: Organizing workshops and open discussion forums between teachers, as this approach will significantly motivate social relations, reinforce confidence among teachers, and enhance occupational performance.

The impact of artistic and sporting activities on children's levels of digital addiction, aggression, and psychological resilience

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of engaging in artistic and sporting activities on children's levels of digital addiction, aggression, and psychological resilience. Material and methodThis cross-sectional study encompasses children aged 11–12 who are regularly engaged and not engaged in artistic or sporting education. The study involved 623 children. Data collection utilized the “Digital Addiction Scale,” “Child and Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale,” and “Reactive and Proactive Aggression Scale.” ResultsThe study found statistically significant effects of engaging in sporting and artistic activities on digital addiction, psychological resilience, and reactive aggression (p < 0.05). Compared to the group with no activity, children engaged in artistic activities scored −4.38 units lower on the digital addiction scale, while those engaged in sports scored −4.23 units lower. Similarly, compared to the group with no activity, children engaged in artistic activities scored 3.32 units higher on the psychological resilience scale, and those engaged in sports scored 3.30 units higher. As children's psychological resilience scores increased, their scores for digital addiction and aggression decreased. Conclusion and recommendationsParticipation in such activities can help children acquire healthy coping skills, strengthen their emotional regulation abilities, and reduce problems associated with anger. Therefore, encouraging children to engage in these activities is crucial for contributing to their overall well-being and promoting a balanced lifestyle. Implications for nursing practiceNurses can educate families about the importance of sports and artistic activities for the healthy development of children. Moreover, diversifying the activities offered to children in schools and youth centers and encouraging these activities can help promote healthy lifestyles and reduce digital addiction.

Effects of Social Media Addiction and Psychological Resilience On Online Purchasing Decisions

In this research, it was aimed to assess the influence of social media addiction and psychological resilience on online purchasing decisions from a marketing standpoint. A survey was administered to 384 university students, comprising a demographic questionnaire, the Online Decision-Making Scale (ODMS), the Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS), and the Psychological Resilience Scale (PRS). Psychological resilience (PRS) exhibited a significant negative correlation with sensitivity to brand dimension of ODMS. SMAS total scores were positively correlated with sensitivity to quality, sensitivity to brand, sensitivity to innovation, sensitivity to mobility and sensitivity to web interface. The effect of social media addiction on online purchase decisions was statistically significant and positive, while the effect of psychological resilience was statistically insignificant. The findings indicate that university students' addiction to social media positively influences their online shopping behavior. As levels of social media addiction increase, students tend to engage in more online purchases.

Effects of proof-of-concept training on reducing work stress and anxiety of juniormedical staff: a randomized controlled trial proof-of-concept.

Psychological stress and anxiety have seriously affected the ability of new clinicians to adapt and coordinate their clinical work. Traditional pre-job training is often not very good at assisting new recruits to regulate their emotional problems. This study is a randomized controlled study. A total of 435 newly recruited clinicians participated in the study. 428 clinicians were randomized into a control group (n = 214) and an intervention group (n = 214). The control group conducted regular pre-job training. Doctors of the intervention group attend a themed course every two weeks on the basis of regular induction training. Their physiological status was evaluated by Perceived Stress Scale (PPS-10), Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7) and Psychological Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) 3months later. Participants in the intervention group received a training satisfaction questionnaire. After entering the clinic for 3months, the PSS-10 and GAD-7 scores of the intervention group were significantly lower than that of the control group. Consistently, the CD-RISC-10 score of new clinicians who received proof-of-concept pre-job training was significantly higher than that of new doctors in the control group. New doctors received the proof-of-concept group experienced alleviation in stress and anxiety.

Teachers’ Indıvıdual Cultural Values and the Relatıonshıp Between Psychologıcal Resılıence and Perceptıons of Alıenatıon

Schools are social structures and educational organizations are open and social systems. Determining the perception of cultural values, psychological resilience levels and alienation perceptions of administrators and teachers working in schools can provide information to practitioners and those concerned and offer clues for taking necessary measures. Determining the relationship and interaction level between these three qualities can contribute to the generation of realistic solutions. In this context, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between school administrators’ and teachers’ perceptions of individual cultural values and psychological resilience and their perceptions of alienation. Relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. The study was conducted with school principals, assistant principals and teachers working in Istanbul in the 2021–2022 academic year. Data were collected from 411 teachers randomly selected by clusterstratified sampling. “Individual Cultural Values Scale” translated into Turkish by Saylık (2019), “Psychological Resilience Scale” developed by Arslan (2015) and the “Alienation Scale” translated into Turkish by Güğerçin and Aksay (2017) were used as data collection tools. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that although the perceptions of psychological resilience of administrators and teachers were at a very high level, they also experienced a high level of alienation. Perceptions of individual cultural values are at a medium level in the power distance sub-dimension, at a medium level in the masculinity, femininity and collectivism sub-dimensions, and at a high level in other sub-dimensions. While there is a low level relationship between all sub-dimensions of individual cultural values perceptions of administrators and teachers and psychological resilience perceptions in general and their sub-dimensions, there is no significant relationship between alienation perceptions and cultural values except for the sub-dimension of long term reach.

Internet Addiction and Its Effect on Sleep Quality Among Medical Students

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of internet addiction in medical school students, and to examine the relationship between internet addiction and sleep quality, sleepiness and psychological resilience. Method: The study was conducted with 213 participants studying at Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine. A sociodemographic questionnaire, Young Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Brief Psychological Resilience Scale were applied to all participants, and the results were statistically evaluated. Results: The average age of the participants was found as 21.25±2.00. 65.3% (n=139) of the participants were women and 27.2% (n=58) were first-year students. The average score of Young's internet addiction was 27.15±7.35; the average Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was 5.49±2.47. 60% of them were evaluated as having poor sleep quality. Average Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were 6.62±4.22; average scores of the Psychological Resilience Scale were 19.35±5.04. There was a positive and significant relationship between Young Internet Addiction and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality. As internet addiction increased, sleep quality decreased. A negative significant relationship was found between Young's Internet Addiction and the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale. As internet addiction increased, psychological resilience decreased. Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that as internet addiction increased, sleep quality and psychological resilience decreased, and daytime sleepiness increased. We can improve sleep quality by preventing internet addiction, and increase participation in daily activities and psychological resilience by reducing daytime sleepiness. Keywords: internet addiction disorder, sleeplessness, resiliency, psychological

Family climate and its relationship to psychological resilience among counseling students in Jordan

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to identify the relationships among family climate characteristics and psychological resilience among (female) counselling students at one university in Jordan. A family climate scale and a psychological resilience scale were administered to a sample of 157 students. Results indicated high levels of both positive family climate and psychological resilience, with no differences in family climate shown due to the variables of birth order or academic year. Differences appeared in psychological resilience according to the birth order variable in favour of the eldest girl in the family, and according to the academic year variable and in favour of the fourth-year students. Positive family climate was positively correlated with psychological resilience.”

The Relationship between Religion, Spirituality, Psychological Well-Being, Psychological Resilience, Life Satisfaction of Medical Students in the Gaziantep, Turkey.

Religion and spirituality have been associated with better psychological health. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the psychological well-being, psychological resilience, life satisfaction and religion/spirituality. An online cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Turkey. The data were collected by using Personal Information Form, Individual Religion Inventory (IRI), Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWBS), Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BPRS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A total of 399 students participated in the study, 84% of them stated that they were Muslim. The perception of good psychological health was significantly higher among Muslims (32.7%) than non-Muslims (14.3%) (p = 0.013). The PWBS, BPRS, SWLS scores were significantly higher in those who attached very importance to religious/spiritual practices compared to those who attached little importance. While PWBS scores and BPRS scores did not differ, the SWLS scores was significantly higher in Muslims compared with the non-Muslims. A positive correlation was found between the IRI scores and PWBS (r = 0.446 p < 0.001), BPRS (r = 0.252 p < 0.001), and SWLS scores (r = 0.450 p < 0.001) for Muslim participants. The study showed that giving importance to religious/spiritual practices is associated with better psychological health.

The effect of nurses' perceived workplace incivility on their presenteeism and turnover intention: The mediating role of work stress and psychological resilience.

This study aims to determine the effects of nurses' perceived workplace incivility on nurses' presenteeism and turnover intention and to reveal the mediating role of work stress and psychological resilience in the possible impact. Nurses directly contribute to the treatment of patients. The problems nurses encounter in the workplace can negatively affect nurses' attitudes towards work. Therefore, the problems faced by nurses should be determined. This study complies with the STROBE checklist. This cross-sectional survey was conducted with 302 nurses working in a university hospital in the Konya province of Turkey. Data were collected in May-July 2021. The questionnaire consisted of six parts: sociodemographic characteristics form, workplace incivility scale, psychological resilience scale, work stress scale, turnover intention scale and presenteeism scale. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods and partial least-squares path analysis. It was determined that workplace incivility positively and significantly affected turnover intention, presenteeism and work stress. In contrast, it negatively and significantly affected psychological resilience. In addition, psychological resilience played a mediating role in the effect of workplace incivility on presenteeism. The results reveal that the behaviours of incivility encountered by nurses in the workplace increase their presenteeism and turnover intention, and work stress further strengthens these effects. The psychological resilience of nurses is a factor that can help them eliminate their negative emotions and attitudes. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing and health managers first identify the stress factors in the workplace and be determined to fight them. In addition, organizing training and providing psychological support to increase nurses' psychological resilience may enable nurses to develop more positive feelings about their jobs and workplaces. Nursing and health managers must determine workplace incivility behaviours and inform all employees about these behaviours, their consequences and how to deal with such incivility. In addition, nursing and health managers must determine the stress factors in the workplace and be adamant about combating these factors. In addition, nursing and health managers must give importance to training that will increase the psychological resilience of nurses.

Associations Among Psychological Resilience, Self-Esteem, Social Support, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behaviors in Adolescents Receiving Inpatient Psychiatric Care.

To explore associations among psychological resilience, self-esteem, social support, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescents receiving inpatient psychiatric care. In this cross-sectional study, 505 Chinese adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) receiving inpatient psychiatric care completed a general characteristics questionnaire, the Psychological Resilience Scale (PRS), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS). Statistical tests were used to compare NSSI incidence, scale scores, and factors influencing NSSI. The incidence rate of NSSI was 77.82% (n = 393). Total and dimension scores on the PRS, SES, and CASSS in the NSSI group were significantly lower than those in the non-NSSI group (p < 0.01). Binary logistic multifactorial regression analysis showed that participants who were female and aged 10 to 14 years were more prone to NSSI behavior (p < 0.05). Having close friends, high parental expectations, and moderate to high self-esteem were protective factors for NSSI behavior (p < 0.05). Nursing personnel should prioritize enhancing psychological resilience, self-esteem, and social support in adolescents receiving inpatient psychiatric care to mitigate the risk of NSSI and ensure the safety of hospitalized individuals. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

The Effect of Physical Exercise on Pilot Students' Emotional Regulation Ability: The Intermediary Role of Psychological Resilience

The aim of this research was to explore the relations between physical exercises and emotion regulation ability of pilot students in the aftermath of an epidemic, and also to investigate the intermediary role of psychological tolerance, with the aim of further finding measures to prevent and intervene in the development of emotional problems in pilot students, to promote pilot students’ psychological well-being better, and to safeguard aviation safety. This study used a questionnaire to examine 391 flight cadets, and the measurement tools included Physical Exercise Rating Scale, psychological resilience scale, and Emotion Regulation Scale. The results showed that the amount of physical exercise was significantly and positively correlated with emotion regulation ability, and psychological resilience was substantially and positively in correlation to emotion regulation ability; psychological resilience mediated in part by physical activities and pilots' emotion regulation ability, and the effect percentage was 52.63%. In summary, it is concluded that: (1) Physical exercise positively predicts the emotional regulation skills of student pilots, physical exercise has a positive predictive effect on psychological resilience, and psychological resilience has a positive predictive effect on pilot students' emotion regulation ability; and (2) Psychological resilience plays a partially mediating role in the impact between physical exercise and pilot students' emotion regulation ability.

Efficiency of the Technology-Based “HomeCARE-Family EmPow” for Children with Cancer and Their Parents: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectivesHome-based pediatric cancer care requires addressing both physical and psychosocial care needs for children and their parents Currently, there is a notable gap in intervention programs that evaluate technology-based psychosocial empowerment for children and parents in home-based pediatric cancer care. The study protocol was to assess the efficiency of a technology-based psychosocial empowerment intervention for home-based care for children with cancer and their parents. MethodsThis study was planned as a single-blinded parallel-group randomized controlled experimental design. The study was intended to include sixty-four children and parents in the research sample. The HomeCare-Family EmPow is a technology-based intervention based on the Psychological Empowerment Theory. This 4-week program, delivered via the website, consists of four modules for parents and two for children. The descriptive form, Self-Efficacy Scale- for children and adolescents with cancer, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Pediatric Cancer Coping Scale will be used in the data collection for children. The descriptive form, Self-Efficacy Scale, Problem-Solving Inventory, and Psychological Resilience Scale will be used for parents. Repeated measures analysis of variance and linear mixed-effects models will be applied for intra-group and inter-group comparisons. Outcome measures will be assessed before randomization, one week after the intervention, and one month after. ResultsThe possible differences between the intervention and control groups will be evaluated after the implementation of the intervention. Our proposed hypotheses will report the findings. ConclusionsThis research may provide a more comprehensive and evidence-based approach to pediatric cancer management at home-based pediatric cancer management by improving children's and parents' self-efficacy and coping by providing feasible, accessible, and innovative support. Implications for Nursing PracticeThe study outcomes are expected to enrich the understanding and management of the psychosocial well-being of children and their parents and empower them to cope with the treatment process more effectively during home-based care.

Mediating role of spirituality in the relationship of anxiety, stress and depression with resilience in individuals exposed to earthquakes in Türkiye

This study aimed to determine whether spirituality mediates the relationship of anxiety, stress and depression with resilience in earthquake survivors. The study population composed of 616 individuals above the aged of 18 years and over who experienced the February 6 earthquake. Sociodemographic information was collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Spirituality Scale (SS). Through a path analysis model, it was found that spirituality importantly acted as a mediator in the connection between DASS-21 and BRS scores; the direct effect of DASS-21 scores on BRS scores was −0.575, their indirect effect through spirituality was −0.206, and the total effect size was −0.364. This research revealed that spirituality has a strong positive impact on resilience by reducing depression, anxiety and stress in catastrophic situations. In addition, this study revealed that spirituality could promote healthy coping strategies, especially in uncertain situations such as after earthquakes.

Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version

IntroductionThe Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale was developed with the aim of measuring individual resilience in the context of earthquake disasters. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties. MethodsA total of 419 adult individuals (65.2% females, median age = 43.35) participated in the study. The psychometric properties of the scale were examined in terms of content validity, face validity, construct validity, criterion-related validity, and reliability. Translation and back-translation processes were conducted. ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses revealed that the scale has a 4-factor structure. In terms of criterion-related validity, a positive relationship was found between Individual Earthquake Resilience and the Short Psychological Resilience Scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The total scale had a Cronbach’s alpha score of 0.892. The Individual Earthquake Resilience Questionnaire subscales had Cronbach’s alpha scores of 0.620, 0.817, 0.776, and 0.692, respectively. DiscussionThe study confirmed that the 4-factor structure of the Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale met the required standards for validity and reliability at an acceptable level. This validates its use in assessing individual resilience within the context of earthquakes in a Turkish-speaking population.

Pandemic fear and psychological resilience in pregnant women after the pandemic - a study in Turkey.

The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of pandemic-related fear, depression, stress and anxiety in pregnant women in different trimesters after the pandemic and to examine their relationship with psychological resilience.Methods:A total of 250 women were included in the study, including 125 pregnant women and 125 healthy controls. The participants were divided into three groups according to their trimester of pregnancy. The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), the Epidemic Disease Anxiety Scale (EDAS) and the Short Psychological Resilience Scale (SPRS) were used to measure depression, anxiety, stress and psychological resilience.Results:Pregnant women had significantly higher DASS-21 total scores [19 (4-42) ] than healthy controls [11 (1-42) ], P = 0.001. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 23.2%, 44% and 20% respectively in pregnant women compared to 12.8%, 31.2% and 9.6% in healthy controls. DASS-21 total scores were highest in the 1st(21.2 ± 5.8) and 3rd(22.8 ± 8.9) trimesters and lowest in the 2nd(16.1 ± 6.9) trimesters. The DASS-21 total score was positively correlated with the EDAS total score and the pandemic perception subscale. SPRS total score was negatively correlated with anxiety, stress and DASS-21 total score.Conclusion:Pregnant women experienced higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and pandemic anxiety than non-pregnant women in the post-pandemic period. Psychological resilience was negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnant women. These findings indicate that the pandemic negatively affects the mental health of pregnant women and the importance of providing psychological support services to protect their mental health.