Psychological Load Research Articles

Порівняльний аналіз змін лактату і сечовини у сечі спортсменів-лучників за різного фізичного та психологічного навантаження

The qualified athletes training includes, in addition to physical training, also the improvement of the psychological state aimed at the formation of the athlete’s state of the readiness for competitive activity. Considering this, the search for non-invasive assessment methods for monitoring the physical and psychological activity of athletes is very urgent. Understanding this condition can help create methods and tools to adaption to the extreme conditions of such activities. According to the “clogging” theory, fatigue is an overtime accumulation of various metabolites (in particular, lactic acid, urea, etc.) in the body’s bio­logical fluids. Therefore, the study was aimed at evaluating the impact of a specialized self-training technique under different psychological (training and official competitions) and physical (before and after physical exertion) states on the changes in urinary metabolite excretion of the archers. In the study, 16 young athletes (5 masters of archery and 11 candidates for master of sports) participated. Athletes were randomly divided by age and qualification into two groups: control (worked out according to the standard protocol) and experimental (auto-training methods were additionally used). The research was conducted under different physical (before and after training) and psychological (training (rest stage) and official competitions (start stage)) conditions. The subject of biochemical monitoring was the metabolites lactate and urea, which were determined in urine samples of archers taken according to the protocol before and after physical exertion during regular training and official competitions. The lactic acid concentration, as well as urea, in the urine of archers did not change during training sessions of sportsmen after performing physical activity of the usual type. That is, the use of the auto-training technique during regular training sessions does not affect the accumulation of the studied metabolites in the urine, which is probably due to the short-term use (one week) of the technique itself. With help of two-way ANOVA analysis, it was established that changes of the lactic acid concentration in urine are mainly due to physical (80 %) and psychological (3.6 %) loadings of athletes, and urea changes – the unaccounted factors (88.8 % on average). At the official competitions stage, after the auto-training method systematic application, a concentration of the lactate significant decreased by 9.7±0.4 % (р>0.95) in the urine of archers compared to controls after the usual physical exercises implementation. Under these conditions, the lactic acid level in the urine of athletes is mainly determined by the using of auto-training technique (68.2 %) and the psychological (6.4 %) load. It should be noted that the share of influence of the unaccounted factors for both athlete’s groups was moderate and amounted to 20.4 % on average. The urea level in the urine insignificant increased after training in both athlete groups, both during training sessions and during official competitions, and was also independent of the athletes’ use of auto-training technique. At the official competitions stage, after the systematic application of the auto-training technique, the concentration of lactate in the urine of archers significant decreased by 9.7±0.4 % (р>0.95) compared to the control group after performing the usual physical exercises implementation. Under these conditions of the Start stage, changes of the lactic acid concentration in the urine of athletes depend mainly by the using of auto-training technique (68.2 %) and psychological load of archers (6.4 %). It should be noted that the share of influence of unaccounted factors for both groups of athletes was moderate and amounted to 20.4 % on average. The urea level in the urine insignificant increased after training in both athlete groups, both during training sessions and during official competitions, and was also independent of the athletes’ use of auto-training technique.

Inter-Role Conflict and Mental Health in Early Adulthood Females

Inter-role conflict is one of the most common and challenging realities. It occurs when an individual faces dual demands from different roles, and the situation is likely to cause a lot of psychological strains. This kind of conflict was most prevalent among females in the early adulthood age of development, a period that involves a turning point to other important developmental tasks in life such as procurement of employment, further educational pursuits, and formation of settlement or marriage. Work and family responsibilities become intertwined during this phase, as the drive for career advancement merges with other obligations, potentially impacting one's health. The effects of inter-role conflict on mental health can be significant, impacting such outcomes as anxiety, depression, and stress. Anxiety might manifest itself through constant apprehension or a low probability of performing well in one or more positions. At the same time, depression can cause a lack of self-worth and a negative outlook on life. Such mental health issues can lead to maladjustment in behavior, which means that one can become less productive at work as well as seclusion in their relationships. Inter-role conflict, if persistent, causes chronic stress, which worsens these concerns and may lead to irreversible mental health problems. This review also explores the impact of inter-role conflict on mental health outcomes and explores potential strategies to mitigate these effects. Some realistic approaches to reducing the psychological load include time management, role prioritization, and seeking social support. This literature review emphasizes the importance of psychological strategies from existing literature to help young women manage their roles more effectively. Therefore, by integrating literature from the existing research, this study illuminates how inter-role conflict affects early adulthood females’ mental health with a focus on coping strategies.

Psychophysical changes after total sleep deprivation and experimental muscle pain.

Sleep disturbances exacerbate chronic pain, increase psychological load, and increase inflammation. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) mimics aspects of chronic pain, predominantly affecting peripheral pain mechanisms, while experimental sleep provocations have been shown to impact central pain mechanisms. This study aimed to combine a DOMS model with total sleep deprivation (TSD) to create a novel model affecting both peripheral and central pain mechanisms. A total of 30 healthy participants attended two sessions (baseline and follow-up) separated by 24 h of TSD and a home rating after 48 h. Assessments of interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, sleep quality, pain catastrophising, affect, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were included in the baseline and follow-up sessions. Additionally, pressure pain and tolerance thresholds, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) were assessed using cuff-pressure algometry in the baseline and follow-up sessions. DOMS was induced with eccentric calf raises during the baseline session followed by 24 h of TSD. At follow-up pain tolerance (p = 0.012) was significantly reduced, and CPM (p = 0.036) was significantly impaired compared to baseline. Psychological changes included decreases in pain catastrophising (p = 0.027), positive affect (p < 0.001), negative affect (p = 0.003), and anxiety (p = 0.012). Explorative regression models predicted 58% and 68% of DOMS pain intensity after 24 and 48 h, respectively, based on baseline body mass index, pain thresholds, psychological measures, and IL-6 (p < 0.01). Combining DOMS with 1 night of TSD induced pain hypersensitivity, impaired CPM, and altered psychological states. A combination of baseline inflammation, psychological measures, and pain sensitivity significantly predicted DOMS pain intensity after 24 and 48 h.

The impact of internal and external loads on player performance in Chinese basketball association

BackgroundLimited research has investigated the association between training load and performance of basketball players during games. Little is known about how different indicators of player performance are affected by internal and external loads. The purpose of this study was to determine whether external and internal loads influence basketball players’ performance during games.MethodThis longitudinal study involved 20 professional male basketball players from a single team, classified as first-level athletes by the Chinese Basketball Association. During 34 games, external load was measured as PlayerLoad using micro-sensors, while internal load was assessed using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Player performance was quantified using three metrics: Efficiency, Player Index Rating (PIR), and Plus-Minus (PM). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the strength of the relationships between training loads and performance metrics. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to further analyze the influence of internal and external loads on basketball performance.ResultsPearson correlation analysis revealed moderate positive correlations between both sRPE and PlayerLoad with Efficiency and PIR. Specifically, sRPE (r = 0.52) and PlayerLoad (r = 0.54) were both significantly correlated with Efficiency. For PIR, sRPE (r = 0.50) and PlayerLoad (r = 0.56) also demonstrated moderate correlations. These correlations were further substantiated by linear mixed-effects models, which showed that sRPE (β = 2.21, p < 0.001) and PlayerLoad (β = 1.87, p = 0.004) had significant independent effects on Efficiency. Similarly, sRPE (β = 2.15, p < 0.001) and PlayerLoad (β = 2.36, p < 0.001) significantly predicted PIR. Additionally, a significant interaction effect between PlayerLoad and sRPE was found on Plus-Minus (β = -2.49, p < 0.001), indicating that the combination of high physical and psychological loads negatively impacted overall team performance. However, the correlation strengths for Plus-Minus were relatively low (sRPE: r = 0.16; PlayerLoad: r = 0.10).ConclusionBoth external and internal loads positively contribute to performance, the integration of objective (accelerometry) and subjective (sRPE) measures of load provides a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and psychological demands on athletes, contributing to more effective training regimens and performance optimization.

Prospective cohort study identifying risk factors for sports injuries in adolescent athletes: the Healthy Injury-Free Adolescent Athletes (HIFAA) study

A high incidence of injuries has been reported in young athletes. Several factors have been associated with athletes’ sports injuries. However, scientific evidence is lacking, particularly for adolescent athletes. Hence,...

Information density threshold of urban road traffic signs based on visual comfort

The content and density of traffic signs directly affect the operation of urban road traffic and drivers. To overcome the limitations of quantitative research on the density threshold of traffic signs on urban roads, a real vehicle experiment was conducted to record the psychological characteristics of drivers. Four psychological parameters of drivers—pupil area, fixation intensity, heart rate change rate, and heart rate variability—were explored. Subsequently, principal component analysis was used to present a new index, S, divided into 5 grade scales, to represent the driving visual comfort level. The information entropy theory was applied to quantify the amount of information on road traffic signs that are included in driving tests, and a regression relationship between the traffic sign information and comfort index S was established. The visual psychological load thresholds for different comfort levels were −2.289≤S < −1.526 for very comfortable, 1.526≤S < −0.763 for relatively comfortable, −0.763≤S ≤ 0.763 for comfortable, 0.763<S ≤ 1.526 for uncomfortable, and 1.526<S ≤ 2.289 for very uncomfortable. To maintain the visual comfort of drivers, the information density of traffic signs should be less than 0.373 bits/m and the maximum information density of traffic signs should not exceed 0.507 bits/m. This conclusion provides a reference for the rational layout of traffic signs on urban roads.

Multimodal Massage Localization Algorithm for Human Acupoints

As the aging population issue worsens, people are experiencing increasing life pressures, and the elderly are unable to receive sufficient care, intensifying the demand for home-based intelligent massage healthcare robots. Addressing the challenges faced by users in expressing preferences for specific areas like the back through gestures or voice during the use of massage robots, and the issue of elderly individuals expressing imprecisely, which hinders effective communication of the desired massage target location to the robot, this paper proposes a new human-machine interaction mode for massage robots. The main innovations include: achieving precise control of the massage area through the representation of a virtual human body on the screen; proposing a virtual-to-real mapping algorithm based on human acupoints to address the consistency issue in human virtual-to-real mapping; introducing a multimodal intent understanding algorithm based on dynamic information entropy to address the current limitations of a single interaction mode and low intent comprehension rates in massage robot interactions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multimodal massage localization algorithm achieves good massage intent recognition effects. By combining natural human-machine interaction with intent understanding, it not only accurately captures user massage intentions and assists in completing massage tasks but also reduces user psychological and cognitive loads, leading to more desirable interaction outcomes.

Analysis of Drivers’ Workload States on Highways in High Elevation Regions

The low-pressure (and low-oxygen) environment in plateau regions affects drivers’ psychophysiological states and, thus, driving behavior and road safety. Six scenarios of expressway exit ramps were constructed based on the UC/win-road simulator to quantitatively analyze the effect of the plateau environment on workload state. A total of 50 participants in Nanjing (altitude 50 m) and 50 participants in Lhasa (altitude 3,650 m) were recruited for the simulation experiments. Based on the principal component analysis, a sample entropy index (SEI) was constructed to reflect the drivers’ psychophysiological levels by combining the sample entropy of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals β%, β/(α+θ), β/α, and heart rate (HR). Meanwhile, the pupil area change rate and the percentage of fixation time and duration within the region of interest were analyzed to characterize the drivers’ visual workload. Based on the psychophysiological and visual load, the differences in workload states among plain and plateau drivers were analyzed using a regression model and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. At the same time, the changing trends of the drivers’ workload states in the curved section of the exit ramp under different scenarios were analyzed. The plateau drivers experienced a higher level of mental stress and greater psychological load. Furthermore, the higher radius of horizontal curves reduced the visual load level for drivers when traveling on the highway exit ramp sections. These findings should serve as a valuable reference for refining the design of plateau expressway exit ramps and providing a theoretical basis for improving driving safety in plateau areas.

Ergonomic risk in the management of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatrography is the therapeutic method of choice to treat biliopancreatic diseases. The complexity of the endoscopic procedure, learning curves, duration, and the demand for the service in health institutions, condition the presence of ergonomic risks in the domain of the multidisciplinary team that intervenes in the technique.Objective: To describe about possible ergonomic risk factors in the management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Methods: A search was carried out in the Google Academic/Scholar, PUBMED, SciELO Regional, SciELO Public Health, SciELO Cuba engines. In the search strategy, the terms were used: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ergonomic risks, ergonomic risk perception in the working population. The documents were evaluated at length and a summary document of the information was developed.Results: Dynamic and static postures, repetitive movements, load manipulation, psychological load and visual fatigue are considered risk factors that require greater attention in relation to the activities involved in the technique.Conclusions: Possible ergonomic risk factors in the endoscopic procedure were described. The complex activities that derive from the procedure and their relationship with the specialties involved were considered, in order to promote occupational health, sustainability and the transition towards excellence in the services provided.

Automated assessment of mental workload from PPG sensor data using cross-wavelet coherence and transfer learning.

Highly complex cognitive works require more brain power. The productivity of a person suffers due to this strain, which is sometimes referred to as a mental burden or psychological load. A person's mental health and safety in high-stress working conditions can be improved with the help of mental workload assessment. A photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal is a non-invasive and easily acquired physiological signal that contains information related to blood volume changes in the micro-vascular bed of tissues and can indicate psychologically relevant information to assess a person's mental workload (MW). An individual under a high MW possesses an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity, which results in morphological changes in the PPG waveform. In this work, a time-frequency analysis framework is developed to capture these distinguishing PPG features for the automatic assessment of MW. In particular, a cross-wavelet coherence (WTC) approach is proposed to extract simultaneous time-frequency information of the PPG during MW relative to the resting PPG. The suggested technique is validated on a publicly available data set of 22 healthy individuals who took part in an N-back task with PPG recording. Under three different fixed window lengths, images are obtained using WTC between PPG records during N-back task activity and rest. The images are used further to obtain PPG classification in two broad classes of low and high MW using a customized pre-trained Inception-V3 model. The best validation and test accuracy of 93.86% and 93.07%, respectively obtained in the window setting of 1200 samples used for WTC image creation.

Unraveling the impact of fog on driver behavior in highway tunnel entrances: A field experiment

Objectives This research aims to (1) study the visual and psychological characteristics of drivers in foggy tunnel entrances, (2) compare driver behavior inside and outside foggy tunnels, and (3) propose improvement ideas based on the study results. Methods A realistic vehicle trial was conducted. Eight participants completed trials in both foggy and clear zones on the same roadway. Drivers’ physiological and psychological properties were analyzed using gaze, saccade, pupil, and heart rate as primary indicators. Pupil area change rate and heart rate variability (HRV) were used as secondary indicators. Results Visibility and tunnel area had a significant impact on drivers’ visual and psychological traits. For instance, drivers in the foggy zone exhibited longer fixation duration, larger pupil area, faster heart rate, and greater HRV. Moreover, the foggy zone inside the tunnel heightened drivers’ visual discomfort and psychological tension. Conclusion The study suggests a high risk associated with driving in the entrance area of highway tunnels during foggy conditions, particularly after entering the tunnel. This situation significantly increases drivers’ visual and psychological load. Furthermore, the effectiveness of retro-reflective facilities diminishes. Therefore, employing more self-illuminated or actively illuminated visual guiding facilities is recommended to aid drivers in acquiring traffic information.

Development of Remote Construction System of Modularized Rail Structure for Inexperienced Operators

Remotely controlled robots are required to operate in human-inaccessible environments, such as the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. In our previous studies, we proposed a modularized rail structure for such environments. In long-term decommissioning work at a nuclear power plant, robots are controlled by inexperienced operators who have limited knowledge of the design details of the robots. In this study, we developed a remote construction system for supporting inexperienced operators by transmitting the status information of the constructor robot to the operator during the remote construction of a modularized rail structure. The proposed remote construction system was designed based on a human information-processing model. Experiments were conducted using the developed remote construction system. The proposed method achieved a success count of inexperienced operators equivalent to that of skilled operators. Furthermore, a questionnaire administered to participants showed that their cognitive, psychological, and physical loads during construction were sufficiently low during the experiment.

Restorative benefits of classroom windows: a study on the effect of window:wall ratio on task load and learning performance based on VR technology

Abstract As a connection to the outdoor environment, windows can relieve the stress, emotional, and cognitive fatigue that building users face from long hours of study. It provides restorative function for building users between study and work, thus reducing task load and improving learning performance. To investigate the effects of different window:wall ratios (WWRs) on task load and learning performance, virtual reality (VR) technology was used to build virtual classrooms with WWRs of 25%, 40%, 55%, 70%, and 85%. The task performances, physiological data, and subjective evaluations of 34 college studies were analyzed. It was found that the highest subjective psychological loads were in classrooms with a 25% WWR and were lowest when the WWR was 55%. Participants performed best in classrooms with a WWR of 55%. Further multiobjective optimization with particle swarm optimization found that 58.41–62.24% WWR not only contributed to the users’ physical and mental happiness but also improved their learning efficiency. In addition, the participant’s HRV-LF/HF and EEG β wave values were significantly correlated with their performance on the task test. These findings provide a reference for the spatial design of school classrooms and a foundation for further research into the relationship between HRV and EEG physiological indicators and learning efficiency.

Job rotations based on physical and psychological workloads: A proposal for the footwear industry

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to propose a model of job rotations in shoes (sandals and tennis shoes) production cells, aiming at reducing the risk exposure to work-related musculoskeletal disorders considering physical and psychological workloads. MethodsThe physical load was assessed by the Occupational Repetitive Actions method, and the psychological load by the Job Stress Scale. A total of 259 workers in the footwear industry participated in this study. These loads were incorporated into a multi-objective mathematical programming model, where the objective functions aimed to minimize the maximum work-related musculoskeletal disorders and the maximum total work demand, and to maximize the minimum work control and social support to which a worker might be exposed during a daily journey. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in the literature that physical and psychological aspects are considered when solving job rotation problems. To tackle the problem, we propose a matheuristic based on an epsilon-constraint framework. This method allows us to generate different solutions with respect to the specific objective functions. To assess the effectiveness of the solutions, we calculated the variance of the scores of the physical and psychological loads in the conditions without and with rotations. ResultsFive rotation solutions were reached for the sandal production cells and twelve for the tennis shoe production cells. There was a reduction in the variation of physical and psychological loads in all solutions for both cells when compared to the no rotation condition. However, for the sandal production cells, the reduction in variation between the physical loads of the conditions with and without rotations was not significant due to the similarity of the exposure indices. ConclusionsThe model reduces the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, promoting variability in muscle recruitment and enrichment of work content, being applicable in other segments.

Analysis of dietary behaviour in physically active persons’ cohort

Physical and psychological load need dietary support of energy by balanced diet. Dietary intake influences physical fitness and training performance outcomes of participants. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nutrition behaviour from physically active persons and impact of nutrition knowledge on their nutritional behaviour. Respondents were at the age of 22-35 years. Respondents of study group got general knowledge about balanced diet in the nutritional education course. Respondents of the study group fulfilled the standardized questionnaire ‘Diet 3-day menu diary’ and standardized survey ‘Physical activity during the current life period before and after nutritional education course. That allows researchers to evaluate the balance between daily intake for energy recovery and daily physical activity as energy expenditure. The study was carried out according to ethical rules for obtaining and processing data. All obtained data was anonymised. The results of the study could be used to develop appropriate diet planning during the pre-training period before planning physical exercises with high physical and psycho-emotional load to improve exercise performance.

Optimal dose of vigorous physical activity on cardiorespiratory and perceptual response for sedentary youths using internal load monitoring.

Vigorous physical activity (VPA) has been demonstrated to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in sedentary college students more effectively than other PA. However, differences in training volume may affect this outcome. This study examines the physiological, psychological, and internal training load (ITL) characteristics of VPA with varying volumes in a single session. Thirty sedentary college students were divided into three groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), sprint interval training (SIT), and threshold training (THR). PA process was monitored. The study measured various cardiorespiratory parameters, including heart rate (HR), respiratory waveform and amplitude, respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), minute ventilation volume (VE), fractional concentration of oxygen in end-tidal gas (O2%), fractional concentration of end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2%), global oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide discharge (VCO2), and the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. The following physiological indicators were measured: carbon dioxide discharge (VCO2), Oxygen pulse (OP), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Additionally, subjective perception indicators were recorded, including the feeling scale (FS), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and dual-mode model (DMM). The session-RPE (s-RPE) and Edward's TRIMP were used to measure ITL. There were no significant differences in HR across the three conditions. THR had the highest level of TV (p = 0.043), but RR was significantly lower than that of HIIT and SIT (p < 0.01). HIIT had the highest levels of VO2, VCO2, O2%, and OP (p < 0.05). RPE was higher in HIIT and SIT compared to THR (p < 0.01), but the difference in FS was not significant. The DMM time-domain trajectories were similar in HIIT and THR. The correlation between exercise intensity, RPE, and FS was highest in THR group (r = 0.453, r = -0.58, r = -0.885). ITL did not show a significant difference between three conditions, but TRIMP and s-RPE readings were opposite in magnitude. This study proposes that using an appropriate amount of THR to foster interest and adaptive strength during the PA habit establishment period, incorporating HIIT to enhance exercise efficiency during the adaptation period, and implementing SIT to reduce the monotony may effectively enhance the cardiorespiratory fitness of sedentary college students and establish PA habit.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ЕКОНОМІЧНО АКТИВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ КРАЇНИ

The article examines the essential characteristics of the state of the economically active population and defines its specific characteristics under the conditions of the Russian war in Ukraine. It is shown that the state of the economically active population is not stable, unchanged, which is explained by the presence of certain reasons. Among them, the following are highlighted: 1) a single, original element of the economically active population is a single person with his physiological and age limitations; 2) employment and unemployment are always derived from the degree of business activity in the country's national economy; 3) force majeure circumstances may occur in real life (natural disasters, military actions, etc.). It was noted that now, under the conditions of the war, there is a significant, almost critical excess of the outflow of the able-bodied population over its inflow. Since the definition of the concept of "economically active population" is based on the criterion of work, the work first, on the basis of an abstract-logical approach, defines the characteristic features of the processes of modern labor activity of working people, and then singles out negative changes in the content and nature of work during the destructive war. when workers are subjected to additional, significant physical, psychological and stressful load, the level of danger in labor activity increases. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the fundamentally new, positive trends of uniting workers into united labor teams with unified values and increased responsibility of each, due to the focus of all Ukrainians on achieving victory in the war. Some attention is paid to considering the problem of unemployment during the war, approaches to reducing the gap between the number of officially registered unemployed and the availability of job vacancies. The need to strengthen state regulation of all processes related to the state of the economically active population and intensifying the search for reserves to increase the efficiency of the use of the country's human production potential is substantiated. At the same time, the intensification of the activities of state employment services is of great importance, since they have a more reliable information base on the state of the economically active population at the territorial level.

LANGUAGE REPRESENTATIVES OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF UKRAINIANS AND IRISH: A TRANSLATION ASPECT (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF CONTEMPORARY FICTION AND MEDIA TEXTS)

The article defines the leading features of the linguistic representation of the value orientations of Ukrainians and Irish people in the translation studies aspect. It is emphasized that the works of modern Ukrainian and Irish literature combine spatial and temporal definiteness, i.e., closeness to the “real plot”, and the expressiveness of the reflection of a person – an actor, endowed with features and values that attach him to history. The tendency of the development of the value component in modern Ukrainian and Irish literature consists in the strengthening of the psychological load of images, in the desire to outline with the help of linguistic means not only the functional, but also the deep-emotional aspect of the national values of the Ukrainian and Irish people.

Development of intelligent monitoring system based on Internet of Things and wearable technology and exploration of its clinical application mode

Wearable monitoring, which has the advantages of continuous monitoring for a long time with low physiological and psychological load, represents a future development direction of monitoring technology. Based on wearable physiological monitoring technology, combined with Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence technology, this paper has developed an intelligent monitoring system, including wearable hardware, ward Internet of Things platform, continuous physiological data analysis algorithm and software. We explored the clinical value of continuous physiological data using this system through a lot of clinical practices. And four value points were given, namely, real-time monitoring, disease assessment, prediction and early warning, and rehabilitation training. Depending on the real clinical environment, we explored the mode of applying wearable technology in general ward monitoring, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, and integrated monitoring inside and outside the hospital. The research results show that this monitoring system can be effectively used for monitoring of patients in hospital, evaluation and training of patients' cardiopulmonary function, and management of patients outside hospital.

Trattare la bronchiolite con nCPAP nelle Pediatrie per “proteggere” le Terapie Intensive pediatriche?

Respiratory support with oxygen (O2 ) is the recognized mainstay of treatment in acute bronchiolitis. The methods of administration include - in addition to low flow O2 - also heated and humidified high flow O2 (HFNC) and CPAP, according to an increasing stratification of severity and respiratory effort. The transition from HFNC to CPAP requires, in most cases, the transfer of the child to an intensive care unit (PICU). The particular epidemic trend of bronchiolitis in the post-pandemic years and the concrete risk of care overload for PICUs led us to consider the use of nCPAP in the general paediatric ward as an alternative to transfer to intensive care, aiming to reduce the pressure on the PICU and the consequent discomfort and psychological load for children and their families. We describe our preliminary experience - which allowed us to avoid about 80% of transfers to PICU for bronchiolitis - discussing some clinical issues and possible organizational developments.