Psychological Gratification Research Articles

Gay Dating on Non-dating Platforms: The Case of Online Dating Activities of Gay Men on a Q&A Platform

Gay dating applications, such as Grindr and SCRUFF, are considered the primary platforms for gay men to conduct online dating activities. However, on Zhihu, a Chinese question-and-answer website, tens of thousands of homosexual users have been searching for romantic partners, which suggests that Zhihu may have unique affordances in online dating activities for Chinese gay men. To better understand how Chinese gay men perceive the affordances of a non-dating platform for online dating, we conduct a mixed-methods study, including observations, interviews, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of users' self-presentations. We find that gay men users publish personal ads by answering "fishing questions" on Zhihu. Through our analysis, we examine how users perceive the affordances of Zhihu to satisfy their social and psychological gratifications at the self, community, and audience levels. Although gay users face the risk of disclosing homosexual identity on mainstream social media, they perceive such risk as acceptable for better online dating experience. We discuss how users respond to severe social stigma in China, and the gap between user needs and the design of gay dating applications. We elaborate on the implications of our findings to discuss the potential benefits for LGBTQ users if LGBTQ service providers collaborate with social media.

Interactivity gratifications

The study explored how the interactive attributes of new media technologies influence thegratification-seeking behaviour of millennials. Using a mixed methods approach, it employed asurvey and focus group interviews to collect data from university students. From a population of2 400 university students from the Political Science Department of a renowned public universityin Ghana, 400 students were systematically sampled for the survey, while 40 students werepurposively selected for focus group discussions. The findings indicate that the interactive featuresof the technologies produced emerging social and psychological gratifications in millennialsby projecting them as purposeful, and active in deploying symmetric political communicationrepertoires. The practical implication of this is that political leaders need to invigorate their electoralcommunication repertoires both in substance and in depth by deploying the heuristic attributes ofthe new technologies to facilitate the awakening of visceral responses in millennials and get themto engage in e-politics.

Extended belief rule-based method for the assessment of matching between rescue tasks and volunteers

PurposeThis paper aims to solve the major assessment problem in matching the satisfaction of psychological gratification and mission accomplishment pertaining to volunteers with the disaster rescue and recovery tasks.Design/methodology/approachAn extended belief rule-based (EBRB) method is applied with the method's input and output parameters classified based on expert knowledge and data from literature. These parameters include volunteer self-satisfaction, experience, peer-recognition, and cooperation. First, the model parameters are set; then, the parameters are optimized through data envelopment analysis (DEA) and differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Finally, a numerical mountain rescue example and comparative analysis between with-DEA and without-DEA are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. The proposed model is suitable for a two-way matching evaluation between rescue tasks and volunteers.FindingsDisasters are unexpected events in which emergency rescue is crucial to human survival. When a disaster occurs, volunteers provide crucial assistance to official rescue teams. This paper finds that decision-makers have a better understanding of two-sided match objects through bilateral feedback over time. With the changing of the matching preference information between rescue tasks and volunteers, the satisfaction of volunteer's psychological gratification and mission accomplishment are also constantly changing. Therefore, considering matching preference information and satisfaction at two-sided match objects simultaneously is necessary to get reasonable target values of matching results for rescue tasks and volunteers.Originality/valueBased on the authors' novel EBRB method, a matching assessment model is constructed, with two-sided matching of volunteers to rescue tasks. This method will provide matching suggestions in the field of emergency dispatch and contribute to the assessment of emergency plans around the world.

Exploring the Relationships Among Gratifications-Sought, Social Media Usage, and Social Support Among Chinese Temporary Migrants

Based on a uses and gratifications 2.0 approach, this study identified three social and psychological gratifications (i.e., entertainment, information seeking, socializing) and four affordance-related gratifications (i.e., immediate contacts, controllability, bandwagon, and being there) that motivated Chinese temporary migrants to use social media. Both types of gratifications were positively linked to social media usage among temporary migrants. Social media usage positively predicted social support, while different patterns of social media usage were related to different types of social support.

What tips the scales? Disentangling the mechanisms underlying post-electoral gains and losses in democratic support

Prior research has shown that winning or losing elections matters. To account for this pattern, it is argued that winners can expect their preferred policies to be implemented and experience the psychological gratification of winning, whereas losers have to accept disliked policies in addition to the psychological distress of losing. In an attempt to better understand the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of winners' and losers' democratic support after elections, this study aims to separate the influence of policy performance and psychological gratification. Using panel data from the 2017 German federal election, we show that policy congruence with the government increases voters' democratic support whether they voted for the government or not, suggesting that policy congruence is more important than winning the government in securing losers' democratic support. We find no independent effect of psychological gratification; however, the evidence suggests that winning the government affected voters’ democratic support independent of the two tested mechanisms.

Factitious Disorder (Munchausen Syndrome) in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of 42 Cases.

Patients with factitious disorder (FD) or "Munchausen syndrome" intentionally fabricate or induce medical problems for psychological gratification. They may deceive plastic surgeons into performing multiple unnecessary procedures. We undertook the first systematic review of FD case reports in plastic surgery. Our aims were 2-fold: (1) describe the adverse outcomes associated with these cases and (2) identify strategies for their prevention by surgeons. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases were searched. We included cases in which an adult with FD presented to a plastic surgeon. Our search returned a total of 42 eligible cases reported from North America (43%), Europe (37%), and Asia (20%). Seventy-six percent of patients were women, and 62% worked in health care. Sixty percent had a comorbid psychiatric disorder, the most common (50%) being depression. Ninety-three percent of our sample presented with self-induced lesions. The average delay in diagnosis of FD was 54 months, with 46% of patients receiving multiple surgical procedures in this time, including debridement (36%) and skin grafts (39%). Surgical wounds were frequently exploited by patients to remain in, or return to, hospital: 50% contaminated or manipulated their wounds to prevent healing. Thirty-six percent of cases resulted in significant long-term disability (24%) or disfigurement (12%). Ten percent of patients received an amputation. Outcomes were improved when patients were confronted by surgeons, however, and 62% were willing to see a psychiatrist. Surgeons were able to support recovery in 33% of cases-for example, by using occlusive wound dressings. Patients with FD who present to plastic surgeons are high risk: the majority require surgical intervention for severe self-injury, and many engage in harmful behaviors, such as "doctor-shopping." Early recognition of FD in plastic surgery is, therefore, crucial and may be achieved via careful examination of lesions for unusual morphology. Medical records may reveal extensive health care service use and negative investigations. Finally, plastic surgeons may play an important role in managing such patients. Management strategies include direct observation by nursing staff in the postoperative period and use of strict occlusive dressings to prevent access to surgical wounds.

Facilitators to the continuous abuse of tramadol among the youth: A qualitative study in Northern Ghana.

Study aimConsidering the alarming rate at which young people abuse tramadol, as evidenced by the numerous media reports on the subject, this qualitative study was conducted to explore the facilitators to the abuse of tramadol by young people.Design and methodsA qualitative exploratory descriptive design was employed in conducting the study. A total of 18 participants were purposively sampled. Data for the study were collected through two focused group discussions and three in‐depth‐interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe findings of the study revealed four main themes. These themes were initiating factors of abuse; desirable physical effects; desirable psychological effects; and undesirable effects. It was revealed that many young people initially get into tramadol abuse because of peer pressure, curiosity or post‐traumatic addiction. However, they often continue the practice for various physical and psychological gratifications including euphoria, attentiveness, high energy levels, pain relief and improved sexual performance. The study also revealed some unpleasant side effects of tramadol abuse such as severe vomiting, loss of appetite, seizures, emotional aloofness and irritability. Many of the participants in this study also expressed willingness to quit tramadol abuse because of social discrimination and the enormous side effects that come with the abuse of the drug.

The Allure of Privacy or the Desire for Self-Expression? Identifying Users' Gratifications for Ephemeral, Photograph-Based Communication.

Temporary messaging programs continue to rise in popularity, due in large part to the perceived privacy that they afford. However, recent controversies have revealed that messages shared on ephemeral messaging services are persistent and potentially retrieval, thus undermining the privacy they are assumed to provide. Given this paradox, why are temporary messaging services so popular? Does the allure of privacy still motivate the use of temporary messaging programs? Or, if privacy is no longer afforded by ephemeral messaging, what other psychological gratifications do these applications fulfill that might account for their continued use? Informed by the Modality-Agency-Interactivity-Navigability (MAIN) model and the uses and gratifications tradition, the current study conducted qualitative interviews to identify the gratifications that individuals derive from the popular ephemeral messaging application, Snapchat. Study results show that the visual affordances of ephemeral messaging have legitimized photographic communication, providing self-expression and relational gratifications that are unfulfilled by text-based applications. By comparison, users report low levels of trust in the privacy affordances of ephemeral messaging, and instead projecting negative effects of temporary messaging on other users rather than self. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

일반고와 미용특성화고 학생의 뷰티 및 제품 관심도와 뷰티행동 비교 연구

Abstract In this study, changes in the timing of puberty physicality and mentality and beauty characteristics of high school students were characterized for high school students and the general high school population in order to distinguish between interest and beauty and beauty products and beauty behavior for comparative analysis. First, for beauty characteristics of high school students and the general high school population, differences in beauty action and beauty characteristics of high school students were higher than this beauty behavior. Secondly, for the high school students and high school beauty characteristics of general high school population for beauty and beauty products, the difference between interest and multi-functional beauty products that characterize high school students has beauty and beauty products with multi-functional beauty products interest being high. Third, high school students and high school beauty characterize the general high school population of beauty is different from behaviors on its factors with common factors including the psychological gratification 'for reasons of appearance management looks for reasons that do not' have time to manage the response. Two groups of factors that characterize the differences in appearance and beauty as areason to manage high school students interested in the 'style' order, high school students do not manage

Digital natives in social virtual worlds: A multi-method study of gratifications and social influences in Habbo Hotel

Millions of teenagers today engage in social virtual worlds (SVWs). However, teenagers, often referred to as digital natives, represent an under-investigated group in the virtual world research and the Information Systems literature. To this end, we draw on developmental psychology and the uses and gratifications approach to examine teenagers’ continuous SVW use with a multi-method approach. We first investigate role of psychological gratifications and social influences in predicting teenagers’ intention to continue using Habbo Hotel. Thereafter, to gain a deeper understanding of their in-world activities, we triangulate our findings with a structured content analysis of the respondents’ open-ended comments. Our quantitative and qualitative findings show that the intentions to continue SVW use are predominantly hedonically motivated. Moreover, we demonstrate that inside the platform users engage in social activities that are often associated with the hedonic experience. Finally, we discuss how these activities both extend and are distinct from digital natives’ offline and online social interactions.

Female serial killers in the early modern age? Recurrent infanticide in Finland 1750–1896

This article examines multiple infanticide in early modern Finland in which the same woman killed several newborns after repeated hidden pregnancies and childbirths. A well-documented case in Lohja, Nummi and Pusula Court of Assizes in 1874 is compared with nine other recurrent infanticides in Finland in the period 1750–1896. The context of the series of crimes and the reasons why it took so long to apprehend the murderers differed from the majority of reported infanticides, which were quite unplanned and the perpetrators of which were apprehended within days of the act. These offenders were serial killers who experienced a need to kill even if they were not literally serial killers according to modern conceptions of male-oriented serial killing. They did not deliberately get themselves pregnant with men in order to obtain psychological gratification from killing newborn babies. Rather, they resorted to killing several of their illegitimate babies as a solution of birth control because their first such crime went unreported or unprosecuted, probably as a result of the complicity of others. Such a perpetrator in the early modern age is labeled a ‘love-child murderess’ or a ‘burker of newborns’, depending on her relationship with the father or fathers of the victims. Serial killings of newborn babies as a solution of birth control continue to exist in modern times as serial neonaticide. It is suggested that a perpetrator of this category of crime in all ages be labeled a ‘birth controller’.

The Theatrical Representation of Incest in Marina Carr's On Raftery's HIll

Marina Carr ' s writing in On Raftery's Hill (2000) is the most recent, most relentlessly focused and complex of responses from an Irish dramatist to the issue of incestuous sexual violation. In her play she creates a world astray, full of obsession, havoc, mutilation and disgust. Eighteen-year old Sorrel Raftery is a young woman, living with her sister (Dinah), grandmother (Shalome), brother (Ded) and her father (Red). Sorrel is engaged to Dara Mood and just prior to her wedding her father rapes her. As the drama progresses it is discovered that Dinah is not Sorrel ' s sister, but her mother. Father and daughter, who was twelve at the time, were brought together by Dinah's own mother and now many years on, nobody intervenes when Red attacks Sorrel. Carr grapples with the issues of power, sexuality, secrecy, shame, dysfunction, inferiority, indignity and addiction at the core of sexual abuse. Should the incestuous abuser be regarded as mentally ill, morally reprehensible and/or a criminal, she queries? Can we distinguish between sexual and psychological gratification? She confirms for an audience how a negative bond can be as strong as a positive one, how family victims of violation can be antagonistic, almost rivals towards each other, and seldom allies, and how the victims of abuse through processes of internalisation and identification with the abuser can accommodate themselves on one level to situations and circumstances, even as self-esteem is slowly peeled away through threat and apparent powerlessness. In this play there is no morality; it is a world at times almost without the mantle of humanity. The capacity to survive that experience is superbly captured by Carr, the complexity of the bond between the family members is brilliantly achieved, but for the first time in one of her midland's plays the life of the central female character does not end in suicide. There is optimism in the basic survival of the victims of the Raftery curse.

Looking Farther Afield

Looking Farther Afield

Viewing the Elephant Man

J OHN WEBSTER is not entirely correct: men in particular have stood amaz'd at their own deformity, as the production in 1979 of Bernard Pomerance's drama The exemplifies. Based on the life of John Merrick, a famous Victorian sideshow performer hideously disfigured by neurofibromatosis, the play garnered Tony Awards, Obies, the Drama Desk Award, and the New York Drama Critics Circle Award as the best play of the year; but its success in New York, and in London the previous year, can hardly be attributed to the reputation of its little-known author or to the drawing power of the actors in the principal parts.1 Moreover, some critics, an ungenerous minority, maintained that the play's merit did not originate in Pomerance's superior or even competent craft. John Simon, for example, found the structure imbalanced and accused Pomerance of suspending dramatic action in the later scenes to create a vehicle for anti-imperialist polemic.2 Pomerance indeed may be less skilled than Bertolt Brecht or Edward Bond at designing engaging drama that at the same time furthers an enterprise of social education, although he is quite obviously influenced by Brechtian theory. But even if Pomerance were Brecht, this metamorphosis would in no way account for the contemporary celebrity of John Merrick: American audiences have seldom given box-office support to materialist drama like Bond's, Brecht's, or John Arden's. Why then were most reviewers and large audiences captivated by the play? David Lynch's 1980 film The (in which Pomerance had no hand) increased viewers' knowledge of Merrick and, like the play, enjoyed both critical acclaim and considerable popular success. Although more filmgoers lined up to see The Empire Strikes Back, The Blues Brothers, and Smokey and the Bandit, Part Two, audiences were moved by this skillful black-and-white melodrama re-creating the gritty environment of late Victorian factories and back-alley peepshows.3 Lynch effectively represents industrialized London by deftly adapting the cinematic style of his earlier cult success Eraserhead (1977), a style punctuated by montages of urban mechanization, the constant hum of manufacturing noise, and motifs of burning gas jets and clouds of steam. By the early 1980s, largely because of Pomerance and Lynch, Merrick's story was widely known; but the play and film are only two examples of the flood of publications about Merrick that appeared in the 1970s and 1980s: Ashley Montagu's The Man: A Study in Human Dignity (1971), Fred Shannon's The Life and Agony of the (1979), a published version of the Lynch filmscript, Michael Howell and Peter Ford's The True History of the (1980), Christine Sparks's The Man: A Novel (1980), and so on. How does one explain this cultural rediscovery of the Elephant Man nearly one hundred years after his death in 1890? What characteristics of John Merrick and his life are most fascinating today? Further, though both Lynch's film and Pomerance's drama share some textual features, they are so different in crucial respects as to form opposing mythologies of Merrick's history. What differing attractions do the two offer, and how are these attractions bound up in theatrical and filmic spectating? We contend that Pomerance's and Lynch's versions of the history of John Merrick combine to provide an unusually wide variety of pleasures, some spectatorial and libidinal, others more intellectual or contemplative. That is, Merrick's story has been and can be shaped into various forms, each with its own array of audience expectations and satisfactions. We hope to illuminate these by positing three distinct, albeit at times related and overlapping, sources of pleasure in Lynch's and Pomerance's treatments of Merrick's life: the conventions of melodrama, the psychological gratifications of both cinematic spectating and the viewing of sideshow freaks, and the critique of powerful Victorian institutions and colonial 868

THE ECONOMIC CHOICE IN DIVORCE:

The creation of traditional family patterns and the transformation of these patterns into stereotypical nuclear study models has spawned a prolific amount of literature on individual happiness, psychological gratification and emotional self-sufficiency. The fragmentation of these family models through divorce has resulted in a breakdown of family function and a disassociation of its members. While some attention has been paid to the economic impact of divorce on the nuclear family, little concern has been shown regarding the economic ramifications on the post-divorce family unit. It is hypothesized that in the post-divorce period, the nuclear has been reshaped or reformed into an extended family. The dissolution-fragmentation process changes the environment in which the family continues to function. It is this extended family and the environment which sustains it that presents the focus of our inquiry. Although we do not disagree that the nuclear family is the predominant model as established by former st...

A comparison of LISREL and two-stage least squares analysis of a hypothesized life–job satisfaction reciprocal relationship.

The nature of the relationship between life satisfaction and job satisfaction was investigated using both two-stage least squares and the analysis of linear structural equations by LISREL. These techniques were chosen because both provide the possibility of evaluating causal relationships that are bidirectional. The results are consistent with a model that hypothesizes a reciprocal relationship between job and life domains. Further, results concerning estimates of structural parameters were consistent across analysis techniques. Some comparisons and cautionary remarks regarding the use of both techniques are presented. The interrelationship of job satisfaction and life satisfaction has long been an area of concern in the literature on job attitudes (for reviews see Kabanoff, 1980; Near, Rice, & Hunt, 1980; Rice, Near, & Hunt, 1980). For the most part, the nature of the relationship between job and life satisfaction has been portrayed in terms of three rival hypotheses: (a) that there is a positive relationship; (b) that there is a negative relationship; and (c) that there is no relationship. The first hypothesis (known as the generalized or spillover model) suggests that satisfaction in one domain of a person's life spills over into other areas. Thus, for example, workers who experience discontentment in their work do not compensate for this lack of psychological gratification by finding satisfaction in other aspects of their life, but rather are more likely to experience a greater incidence of unhappiness in nonwork activities. The spillover model suggests that the causal flow is either from job to life satisfaction or from life to job satisfaction, but not both simultaneously. In contrast, the second hypothesis (known as the compensation model) argues that individuals who have jobs deficient in need fulfillment will compensate for this deficiency by seeking out challenging and interesting nonwork activi

Exhibitionism: genesis, dynamics and treatment.

A successfully treated case of Male Genital Exhibitionism is described. Privacy is an essential component of a growth-promoting environment. Lack of privacy during childhood may well be a central contributing factor in the genesis of exhibitionism. An exhibitionist affirms, in the act of exposure, that which is denied in the childhood home situation where privacy is lacking: (a) “I exist, I have life-space,” (b) “It doesmake a difference (confirmed by the reaction of the ‘victim’) that I have a penis”. The act simultaneously affirms his right to show-off. Exhibitionism constitutesnon-legitimate showing-off; the treatment includes a shift tolegitimate showing-off. The arrest, asa means to avoid success, appears to be more important motivation than any strictly sexual or psychological gratifications inherent in the act itself. A six-point program for the treatment of exhibitionists (and perhaps other “sexual offenders”) is offered as a set of efficacious tools (procedures) for successful treatment.

Intelligence and Central Life Interests in Two Groups of Older Men

It was predicted that VA domiciliary members would differ from a comparable group of Senior Citizens with regard to psychological referents for two legal criteria used in selection of domiciliary members. Intelligence and pattern of central life interests were used as referents. When compared with the Senior Citizens group, the domiciliary members were lower in intelligence, more concerned with matters of physical self-maintenance and less concerned with social or psychological gratification. The findings with regard to central life interests supported one aspect of Maslow's theory of motivation.