Psychological Effects Of COVID-19 Research Articles

Characteristics of elderly patients diagnosed with delusional disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study in a memory clinic

Since the declaration of an emergency following the spread of COVID-19, the number of elderly patients complaining of delusions has increased. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of patients diagnosed with delusional disorders in our clinic. A total of 1,884 patients ≥ 65 years old who visited the Center for Comprehensive Care on Memory Disorders at Kyorin University Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were included in the study. The 17 patients diagnosed with delusional disorders were divided into 2 groups based on the timing of the first declaration of emergency, and the characteristics of each group were investigated. Seven patients were diagnosed with delusional disorder before the first declaration of emergency and 10 after the declaration. The proportion of patients increased by approximately three-fold after the declaration. Post-emergency patients were less motivated to be active than those encountered before the declaration, and many had no history of mental illness. Seven of the 10 post-emergency patients visited the Memory Clinic within 1 year of the onset of delusions. After the first declaration of an emergency, elderly patients with no history of psychiatric disorders acutely developed delusional disorders.The physical and psychological effects of COVID-19 on the elderly should be considered.

Canadian healthcare workers’ mental health and health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from nine representative samples between April 2020 and February 2022

ObjectiveIn the context of COVID-19, Canadian healthcare workers (HCWs) worked long hours, both to respond to the pandemic and to compensate for colleagues who were not able to work due to infection and burnout. This may have had detrimental effects on HCWs’ mental health, as well as engagement in health-promoting behaviours. This study aimed to identify changes in mental health outcomes and health behaviours experienced by Canadian HCWs throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsNine representative samples (Ntotal = 1615 HCWs) completed the iCARE survey using an online polling firm between April 2020 (Time 1) and February 2022 (Time 9). Participants were asked about the psychological effects of COVID-19 (e.g., feeling anxious) and about changes in their health behaviours (e.g., alcohol use, physical activity).ResultsA majority of the HCWs identified as female (65%), were younger than 44 years old (66%), and had a university degree (55%). Female HCWs were more likely than male HCWs to report feeling anxious (OR = 2.68 [1.75, 4.12]), depressed (OR = 1.63 [1.02, 2.59]), and irritable (OR = 1.61 [1.08, 2.40]) throughout the first two years of the pandemic. Female HCWs were more likely than their male counterparts to report eating more unhealthy diets (OR = 1.54 [1.02, 2.31]). Significant differences were also revealed by age, education level, income, parental status, health status, and over time.ConclusionResults demonstrate that the impacts of COVID-19 on HCWs’ mental health and health behaviours were significant, and varied by sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., sex, age, income).

Physical and psychological effects of post-COVID-19 syndrome on patients in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia: a descriptive prospective study

Although there have been many cases of reports on post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) worldwide, studies related to the long-term physical and psychological effects of COVID-19 have not been widely conducted in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify PCS's long-term physical and psychological symptoms in patients who had confirmed COVID-19. This descriptive prospective study was conducted from April to June 2022 with 79 respondents who had been confirmed positive for COVID-19 and whose medical records were reported at one of the public health centers in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, from January to December 2020 by purposive sampling. The COVID‐19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Screening Scale (C19‐YRS) was used to identify PCS symptoms. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the frequency distribution data and the percentage of PCS cases. The results showed that 20.3% of respondents had at least one PCS symptom. Nearly a third (32.9%) of the respondents had deteriorated general health conditions after being infected with COVID-19. The most common physical symptoms of PCS were shortness of breath when climbing stairs (6.3%), resting, dressing, changes in throat sensitivity, voice (each 5.1%), swallowing problems, and pain (each 2.5%). At the same time, the most psychological effects of PCS were illness-related nightmares (12.6%), PTSD (11.4%), anxiety (7.6%), still avoiding thoughts of their illness (2.5%), and depression (1.3%). With varying severity, the physical and psychological symptoms of PCS were still felt by respondents. Although the symptoms of PCS are relatively mild, the follow-up treatment of post-recovery patients after being diagnosed with COVID-19 is crucial.

Environmental Ethics and Mental Health during COVID-19

As the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, population density, ecological changes, etc. natural phenomena are shown. The physical, chemical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and psychological effects of COVID-19 have been felt all over the world. COVID-19 negatively affects the environment with an unbalanced increase in medical waste and disposable products, while quarantine and pandemic measures have given an opportunity for nature to renew itself. The causes and consequences of COVID-19 have brought the concepts of environmental health and therefore environmental ethics to the agenda of healthcare professionals. As the environmental ethics attitudes and behaviors of health professionals develop, health professionals will be able to take initiatives to create these attitudes and behaviors in society. Environmental ethics has been evaluated in the context of public health, mostly in the physical health. However, environmental ethics is also very important in terms of community mental health. Living in an unhealthy environment threatens mental health. Because people want to live in a safe environment, every factor that threatens this trust poses a risk for mental health. There is actually literally no way to talk about happiness in an environment where there is no environmental order and nature is deteriorated and polluted. Therefore, we aimed to explain the concepts of environmental health, environmental ethics and mental health during the COVID-19 process. Thus, an important strategy development in the pandemic process can be achieved by enabling the assessment and management of the causes of the COVID-19 pandemic from a broader perspective.

The Psychological Effect of COVID-19 and Resilience

Bu araştırma COVID-19 tanısı alan bireylerin yaşadıkları psikolojik semptomları ve kendilerini toparlama düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipte yapılan bu araştırmanın örneklemini Haziran 2021-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında araştırma kriterlerine uyan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 823 kişi oluşturdu. Veriler online olarak Bilgi Formu, Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği ve Kendini Toparlama Gücü Ölçeği ile toplandı. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin %69,9’u kadın, %57,4’ü ise bekardır. %66,3’ü üniversite mezunu, %81,2’si geniş ailede ve %65,1’i ilde yaşamaktadır. Katılımcıların %57,5’inin birlikte yaşadığı kişiler COVID-19 tanısı almıştır. Depresyon Anksiyete Stres ölçeği alt boyut puanları da kadınlarda ve bekarlarda daha yüksek bulundu (p

Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Performance of Nursing Staff of Mid Atlantic Wellness Institute, Bermuda

The novel Coronavirus or Covid-19 infection is one of the infectious diseases that has covered the world like a storm and sent the scientific communities scrambling for a cure with the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020) declaring it as a Pandemic on March 11th, 2020. Nurses as frontline workers become overwhelmed with the large number of cases thereby affecting their physical, social, and psychological wellbeing. For this reason, this study will explore the psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the performance of nursing staff at the Mid Atlantic Wellness Institute, Bermuda. The study explored a qualitative research method utilizing purposive sampling technique adopted under the auspices of Husserl’s phenomenological philosophical theoretical framework. Twelve participants recruited for the study were Registered Nursing Staff at the Mid Atlantic Wellness Institute, Bermuda. One on one interview used as a method of data collection using interview guide. The data was analyzed using Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method. Ethical approval obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Bermuda Hospital Board. Three themes emerge: mental/psychological response to Covid 19, Psychological effect of Covid-19, and Impact of Covid 19 on staff performance. Covid 19 pandemic has affected the performance of Registered Nursing Staff of MAWI in Bermuda. Therefore, to forestall further effects, there is need for the MAWI Bermuda to provide adequate mental and psychological support to Registered Nurses affected by Covid 19 Pandemic. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, Mid Atlantic Wellness Institute- Bermuda, Nursing staff, psychological impact, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COVID-19 AMONG SURVIVORS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Patients with COVID-19 suffer considerable physical and psychological stress not only during the disease crisis but also after the illness. In this regard, the first practical step is to clearly understand the patients physical and psychological problems. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the physical and psychological effects of COVID-19 on survivors. To achieve this goal, a phenomenological study was conducted. Researchers utilized non-probability convenient sampling, and 12 participants were recruited from a cohort of individuals with confirmed COVID-19 infection and experiencing a history of mild to severe symptoms. The collected data was analyzed through themes of Effects on Physical Health, Effects on Psychological Health, and Social Stigma. The study found that contracting and recovering from coronavirus is an experience in which participants oscillate between relief, safety, confinement, and raw fear. A major focus was seen on the physical and psychological aspects of the diseased body. Stigma and financial stress after infection were also expressed. This study provided a better understanding of the physical and mental well-being of COVID-19 survivors after recovery based on real-world experience. Participants experienced their bodies being vulnerable and marked after COVID-19. They wavered between radiant joy in healing and uncertainty in assessing symptoms. Patient’s experiences, therefore, help us better understand how people cope with post- illness challenges and guide us to better ways to support them in the future. Keywords: Stigma, Physical Health, Psychological Health, Patients, Health impact, Post-COVID Syndrome.

Six Feet Apart: A Deeper Look at the Psychological Effects of COVID-19

Six Feet Apart: A Deeper Look at the Psychological Effects of COVID-19

Validation of “Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales” and “Changes in Psychological Distress during COVID-19” among University Students in Malaysia

Objectives: This study assessed the reliability and validity of the DASS-21 self-reported measure in the context of COVID-19 on anxiety, stress, and depression. Through this Study, the psychological effect of COVID-19 on anxiety, tension, and depression amongst samples of students enrolled in 201 Malaysian private universities was assessed. Methods: The data were collected from university students through an online survey because of Malaysian Government Movement Control Order (MCO) restrictions. Two separate intervals were used for data collection (i.e., May and September 2020), as this period was associated with the pandemic. For scale validation, convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity criteria were used. Results: The outcome of a CFA model for DASS-21 yielded factor loading that is very significant. Therefore, the measure of the root means square error approximation (RMSEA) and the comparative fit index (CFI) are acceptable values that were produced, demonstrating a good fit for the data. Conclusions: This study was conducted in the Malaysian context to validate depression, anxiety, and stress among university students using the DASS-21 scale. Our findings support the reliability of using DASS-21 in the Malaysian cultural context. Lastly, we testified to the presence of depression, anxiety, and stress among university students through descriptive statistics and provided empirical evidence in this regard. Our results suggested that there was a significant presence of DASS among university students.

Uticaj COVID 19 pandemije na pojavu anksioznosti i depresije kod studenata zdravstvene nege

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the symptoms of significant psychological burdens for the entire population. However, little is known about the psychological effect of COVID-19 on healthcare students. Objective: The research aimed to determine whether and to what degree healthcare students exhibit signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression during the second year of the pandemic. Material and methods: The study was conducted as an online cross-sectional study, by surveying 133 healthcare students of the Faculty of Medicine. The questionnaire for the assessment of anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder - GAD-7) and the questionnaire for the assessment of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire - PHQ-9) were used as research instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for statistical data processing, and statistical significance was determined at the p≤ 0.05 level. Results: The highest percentage of students showed minimal symptoms of depression (40.6%), i.e. symptoms of minimal anxiety (45.1%), while the total average score of the GAD-7 questionnaire was 6.35±5.27(SD), and the average value of the total PHQ-9 score was 7.42±5.59(SD). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on healthcare students, who during the second year of the pandemic showed mild depression and mild anxiety.

Examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on general self-efficacy among the frontlines

This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on general self-efficacy among the frontlines in the northern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research employed a descriptive-correlational approach to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on general self-efficacy among the frontlines. The study took place at the major government hospitals in the northern region of Saudi Arabia. The researcher used simple random sampling to ensure the representativeness of the population. The frequency and percentage were utilized to determine the demographic profile of the respondents. T-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to determine significant differences. Moreover, bivariate-r was used to test whether a statistically significant relationship exists between the variables. This study was conducted between November and December 2021. Nurses scored high on the impact of event scale (38.83±21.62) and general self-efficacy (25.93±6.88). There are significant differences found on gender to IES (t=2.110; p<0.36), ward assignment (t=244; p<.034), age (F=11.28; p<.001), and years of experience (F=10.11; p<.001). Conversely, no significant difference was found on gender to GSE (t=-.847; p>.398) ward assignment (t=-1.092; p>.253), age (F=.212; p>.932), and years of experience (F=.611; p>.655). Lastly, there is no significant relationship between the impact of COVID-19 and general self-efficacy (r=.170; P<.75). Despite the psychological effects of COVID-19, nurses still cope with the challenges. Male nurses, those assigned in the COVID-ward, aged 26-30 years old, and with 16 years and more experience were most affected during the COVID-19. No significant difference was found in demographic characteristics of GSE, and lastly, no significant relationship between the impacts of COVID-19 on GSE.

Psychological effects of COVID-19 in general Italian population in function of age and gender.

Psychological effects of COVID-19 in general Italian population in function of age and gender.

Experiences of U.S. Nurses Compared With Nonnurses in the First Year of COVID-19: Findings From a National Registry.

Nursing professional organizations and media sources indicated early in the pandemic that the physical and psychological effects of COVID-19 might be distinct and possibly greater in nurses than in other types of healthcare workers (HCWs). Based on survey data collected in Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes (HERO), a national registry of U.S. HCWs, this study compared the self-reported experiences of nurses with other HCWs during the first 13 months of the pandemic. Nurse responses were compared to responses of nonnurse HCWs in terms of viral exposure, testing and infection, access to personal protective equipment (PPE), burnout, and well-being. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between nurse and nonnurse roles for the binary end points of viral testing and test positivity for COVID-19. We also examined differences by race/ethnicity and high-risk versus low-risk practice settings. Of 24,343 HCWs in the registry, one third self-identified as nurses. Nurses were more likely than other HCWs to report exposure to SARS-CoV-2, problems accessing PPE, and decreased personal well-being, including burnout, feeling tired, stress, trouble sleeping, and worry. In adjusted models, nurses were more likely than nonnurse HCWs to report viral testing and test positivity for COVID-19 infection. Nurses in high-risk settings were more likely to report viral exposure and symptoms related to well-being; nurses in low-risk settings were more likely to report viral testing and test positivity. Black or Hispanic nurses were most likely to report test positivity. Differences were identified between nurses and nonnurse HCWs in access to PPE, physical and mental well-being measures, and likelihood of reporting exposure and infection. Among nurses, testing and infection differed based on race and ethnicity, and type of work setting. Our findings suggest further research and policy are needed to elucidate and address social and occupational disparities.

Psychological effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer, their caregivers

There is limited study reporting the severity of anxiety and depression in cancer cohort and their caregivers. We aimed in this systematic review to determine the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among comprehensive cancer patient and their caregivers during COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review search was performed on PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus till June 2021. PRISMA guidelines were used in this systematic review. Reviews were performed to collect all original research articles to describe prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the cancer patients and their caregivers. All analysis was done by using RStudio version 1.0.136. 4 studies from our search criteria were eligible for inclusion for anxiety symptoms. Meta-analyses revealed that no any significant difference in incidence of anxiety in cancer and their caregivers. The pooled odds ratio 1.00 [95% CI; 0.87- 1.15]. Pooled prevalence in patients and their caregivers 49% [25%; 74%] and 50% [26%; 73%] respectively. Anxiety was relatively higher in cancer patients and their care givers. Isolation, married caregivers showed most significant factor to increase anxiety in cancer patients and their care givers. This metaanalyses suggest that prevalence of anxiety in cancer patients and their caregivers were significantly increasing during COVID-19.

A Cross-Sectional Survey On the Psychological Effects of COVID-19 on Doctors and Non-doctors in Pakistan

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is still showing fluctuating trends and rapidly increasing case numbers, naturally creating a significant air of panic and hopelessness. This study aimed to investigate the mental health status of doctors in comparison to non-doctors, and its suggestive determinants amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted during January–March 2021, using a convenience sampling technique. A sample size of 377 was calculated through RaoSoft (RaoSoft Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA) software. Inventories used are Zung Self-Assessment Anxiety Score (SAS) and Self-Assessment Depression Score (SDS), for the purpose of comparing different groups. The survey was distributed as an online Google form via social media. Results were evaluated by IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0 (Endicott, New York, USA). Results: A total of 395 participants responded, out of which 10% showed extreme levels of anxiety. Among doctors, 14% had moderate levels of anxiety while 10% of unmarried respondents had extreme self-reported anxiety. Out of non-doctors, 15% showed signs of depression, among which a moderate level of depression was seen in 13% males, and severe depression was seen in 4% of married respondents. Higher depression scores were recorded in non-doctors, while there was no significant difference in anxiety levels of both groups. Conclusion: A significant impact on mental health has been noted in various groups of respondents, with severe depression as well as severe anxiety. This should be alarming enough to instigate authorities to conduct mental health programs to counter this negative impact of COVID-19. Quick interventions and strategies can save countries from a grim future.

Psychological Effects of Covid-19 among University Students

Psychological Effects of Covid-19 among University Students

COVID-19 and Physician Assistant Faculty Burnout: A Year into the Pandemic.

The psychological effects of COVID-19 have been extensive and have affected health care workers and educators alike. The aims of this study were to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted PA faculty and their attitudes toward work. Two quantitative, pre/post surveys were offered to 21 PA faculty at one institution prior to and then one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. PA faculty perceptions of workplace culture and burnout were included in the online surveys. Data were collected on 17 PA faculty (81% response rate). There was a statistically nonsignificant decrease in faculty disengagement (2.1 v 2.1, p = 0.87) and a statistically significant increase in faculty exhaustion (2.2 v 2.5, p = 0.005). There were statistically significant increases in communication, value, job satisfaction, and wellbeing workplace items. As many workplace protocols remain changed as a result of COVID-19, institutions should monitor and adjust processes to reduce the risk of burnout for faculty.

Two Years and Four Time Points: Description of Emotional State and Coping Strategies of French University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

While it is now clear that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the mental health of individuals, especially the most vulnerable ones such as students, we have very little knowledge about the long-term consequences. The objective of this study was to compare the mental health and coping of French university students during the different phases of the pandemic in the first 2 years. To this end, French university students were evaluated at four time points: during France’s first lockdown (April–May 2020; nT1 = 1357), the period after lockdown (June 2020; nT2 = 309), 1 year after the first lockdown, which was also a lockdown period (April–May 2021; n T1′ = 2569); and 1 year after the end of the first unlock (June 2021; nT2′ = 1136). Anxiety and depressive symptoms, coping and concerns were measured. In order to compare scores between the lockdown and unlock periods within the same year, paired samples t-tests were performed. To compare scores between the 2 years for different participants, independent samples t-tests were conducted. Our results showed that maladaptive strategies, concerns and symptoms were higher during lockdown periods, compared with unlock periods. In addition, symptom levels were higher in the second year of the pandemic compared with the first one. These argue that the psychological effects of COVID-19 were exacerbated by lockdowns but also by time. This highlights the need for more attention to be paid to students’ mental health.

Psychological Effects of COVID-19 on Mental Health: An ICT-based Perspective

Psychological Effects of COVID-19 on Mental Health: An ICT-based Perspective

University Students Adjusting to COVID-19 Stressors: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the COVID-19 Stressors Questionnaire.

The psychological effects of COVID-19 have been documented in the past year, but scarce literature exists on the nature of COVID-19 stressors. Using a random split sample of 1199 young adult university students, results of exploratory factor analyses (EFA) identified a four-factor structure in the COVID-19 Stressors Questionnaire (C19SQ), which were labeled Resource Constraints, Social Restrictions, Future Uncertainty, and Health Concerns. This model was supported by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) when run on the other split sample of 1139 university students. Higher levels of COVID-19 stress were positively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms and negatively associated with sleep duration, sleep quality, and the number of exercise days. COVID-19 stress also uniquely predicted poor university adjustment. This study demonstrated the link between COVID-19 stressors and mental and physical health symptoms, thus providing support for conceptualizing the psychological impact of the pandemic as adjustment problems for some individuals.