Psychological Apprehension Research Articles

Reproductive Health and Domestic Violence: An Evidence Based Study from District Gujrat (Pakistan)

Domestic violence is generally part of the patterns of violent behavior and control rather than an isolated act of physical aggression. Domestic violence can take a variety of forms, including physical assault, psychological apprehension, constant belittling, intimidation, humiliation, and coercive sex, among others. It frequently can include controlling behavior such as isolating women from family, friends, self-esteem, and movements and restricting their access to fundamental human rights that are significantly associated with the psycho-social and reproductive health of women. Keeping in consideration the importance and sensitivity of the issue, the researcher tries in this study to explore the primary motives behind domestic violence that leads to aggressive behaviors and its impacts on women's reproductive health in our society. The researcher approached the researcher's district police office and obtained the list of registered cases regarding domestic violence in the district of Gujrat, Punjab. The findings of the study indicated that most of the women are the victims of domestic violence (physically, mentally, and sexually) and face discrimination and limited access to reproductive health services and pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality. Results highlighted that domestic violence intensively influenced women's physical as well as psychological conditions that led them towards mental, social, and economic disruptions. The sexual violence, including forced or coerced relationships and unwilling pregnancies, among others, significantly affected the reproductive health and well-being of women.

An overview of psychological analysis of patients with breast cancer undergoing total mastectomy and breast conservation surgery and its impact on objectified body consciousness at a tertiary care cancer centre.

e12537 Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females, and surgery plays a central role in its treatment. Surgical treatments may have a negative psychological impact on women’s mental health regarding their body image. The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological health insights pertaining to objectified body consciousness scores before and after the surgery and also to observe whether these scores were comparable across the surgery types. Methods: This retrospective qualitative study included 706 breast carcinoma patients who underwent either Breast Conservation Surgery or Total Mastectomy at Manipal Cancer Centre, between the years 2020-2021. A validated questionnaire of Objectified Body Consciousness was used to obtain responses at diagnosis and at 6 months postsurgery and final scores were calculated for both instances. Two sample t- tests/analysis of variance and Chi-square tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables respectively. Results: Out of total 706 breast cancer patients, 402 patients underwent Breast Conservation Surgery and 304 underwent Total Mastectomy procedure. A statistically significant change was seen in the mean Objectified Body Consciousness Score (14.22±15.44) for all patients when compared pre-operatively (72.72±11.38) and postoperatively (60.15±17.58). This change was higher in the Total Mastectomy group (29.38±11.53). Also, statistically significant rise in scores was seen with increasing age. There was a statistically significant difference between BCS and Total Mastectomy groups with respect to the distribution of age group, marital status, types of cancer, stage and grade of cancer, NACT administration and postoperative mean objectified body consciousness scores of patients (p-value <0.05). Conclusions: We could affirmatively conclude in our study that younger breast cancer patients and all patients who underwent a total mastectomy, had more psychological apprehension with the body image post-surgery, signifying these groups should be encouraged by healthcare professionals to reach out for counselling at the earliest. Knowing the pre-operative Objectified Body Consciousness scores and the type of surgery the patient is going to undergo, will help us to streamline categorical psycho-educational programs for each group and personalise our healthcare professionals to encourage women to reach out to social support groups and directed counselling at the earliest. This will help women adapt to their transformed life and be mentally prepared for the changes that are expected post-surgery.

Transareolar Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Females: A Novel Incision for Pulmonary Ground Glass Nodule Resection.

Purpose: Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is recognized for its minimally invasive nature, widely adopted globally. However, the evident scarring it leaves often triggers psychological apprehension and resistance to surgery. Transareolar incision, known for its superior cosmetic outcome with no visible scars, poses challenges in women due to the risk of mammary gland damage. In this report, we present successful pulmonary ground glass nodule (GGN) resection using transareolar VATS in female patients, aiming to address these concerns. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 35 female patients who underwent GGN resection through transareolar VATS between August 2020 and March 2022. Results: There were no serious complications or perioperative deaths in this cohort of 35 female patients undergoing GGN resection through transareolar VATS. The operations, including local resection or segmentectomy, had an average duration of 70.1 ± 26.4 minutes, with a tube duration of 4.7 ± 2.1 days and a hospitalization time of 7.2 ± 2.3 days. The surgical approach varied, with 21 cases using transareolar uniport, 8 cases assisted by a 3-mm tiny port, and 6 cases converted to two-port VATS. Scar outcomes varied, with 21 cases showing no scar, 8 cases displaying a microscar, and 6 cases presenting a dominant scar of 1.7 ± 0.5 cm. Postoperative pain scores at 1 week and 1 month were 1.9 ± 0.9 and 1.0 ± 0.9, respectively, and the wound numbness occurred in 2.86% (1/35) of cases. Regarding breast complications, 2 patients suffered delayed healing of the incision. No damage and inflammation of glands were detected by breast B-mode ultrasonography. Conclusions: The transareolar incision emerges as a novel approach for VATS in female patients, offering advantages in terms of pain management and cosmetic outcomes.

An Overview of Psychological Analysis of Breast Cancer Patients undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy and Breast Conservation Surgery and its impact on Objectified Body Consciousness at a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre in South India

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common cancer among females, and surgery plays a central role in its treatment. Surgical treatments may have a negative psychological impact on women's mental health regarding their body image. The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological health insights pertaining to objectified body consciousness scores before and after the surgery and also to observe whether these scores were comparable across the surgery types. Materials and MethodsThis retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data included 706 breast carcinoma patients who underwent either Breast Conservation Surgery or Modified Radical Mastectomy at tertiary care Cancer Centre, between the years 2020 to 2021. A validated questionnaire of Objectified Body Consciousness was used to obtain responses at diagnosis and at 6 months postsurgery and final scores were calculated for both instances. Two sample t-tests/analysis of variance and Chi-square tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables respectively. ResultsOut of total 706 breast cancer patients, 402 patients underwent Breast Conservation Surgery and 304 underwent Modified radical mastectomy procedure. A statistically significant change was seen in the mean Objectified Body Consciousness Score (14.22 ± 15.44) for all patients when compared preoperatively(72.72 ± 11.38) and postoperatively(60.15 ± 17.58). This change was higher in the Modified Radical Mastectomy group(29.38 ± 11.53). Also, statistically significant rise in scores was seen with increasing age. ConclusionWe could affirmatively conclude in our study that younger breast cancer patients and all patients who underwent a Modified Radical Mastectomy, had more psychological apprehension with the body image postsurgery, signifying these groups should be encouraged by healthcare professionals to reach out for counselling at the earliest.

On Westerns and Settler Migration: A Reading of Meek’s Cutoff by Kelly Reichardt

This essay examines Kelly Reichardt’s Meek’s Cutoff (2010) as an example of ‘slow’ and feminist western film. In particular, it shows how, by applying an “austere” aesthetics (Gorfinkel 2015) and by giving prominence to the act of migrating rather than the act of settling, the movie rewrites pioneer history, offering an example of what Catherine Russel defines “migrant cinema” (2017). Because of the visual centrality given to the act of migration, with its feeling of geographical displacement and psychological apprehension, the movie situates itself alongside other contemporary films representing present-day migration, and questions the traditional western movement as a travel of self-confident expansion and colonization. In this sense, Meek’s Cutoff can be rather read as a “decolonizing” (Trimble Young and Veracini 2017) rendition of white migration in the West, mostly achieved by including two destabilizing characters within the group of white settlers, Emily Tetherow and a Cayuse Indian, who trigger reflections on matters of knowledge and alliances.

High-level judo practice after hip resurfacing

Background and hypothesisThe ability to participate in sports after hip arthroplasty is increasingly being requested by patients. The possibilities of participating in sports such as judo after hip arthroplasty have not been explored sufficiently even though these sports are associated with a high risk of loosening, dislocation or revision. The aim of this study was to evaluate the return to judo after hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) in terms of time and level of practice in an expert population and to determine the surgical complication rate. Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective observational study of all licensed judo practitioners at an expert level (≥black belt 3rd Dan) who underwent HRA. Patients filled out a sport-specific questionnaire that captured their level of judo practice (international, national, regional, recreational), type of practice (teaching, technical recreational, competitive recreational), dan grade, weekly volume of practice and time elapsed after surgery before resuming judo. The features of the return to judo were analyzed (technical, ground, combat). ResultsSixty-seven HRA were implanted in 60 patients: 11 were international judokas, 3 were national, 8 were regional and 38 were recreational. The case series consisted of 18 patients who were 3rd Dan, 18 were 4th Dan, 7 were 5th Dan, 5 were 6th Dan and 12 were 7th Dan. The average follow-up was 65.3 months (range 9.9–11.9). All the clinical scores pointed to clinically and statistically significant improvement. Of the 60 patients, 53 had resumed judo at the final assessment (90%) after a mean of 4 months (2–7) for technical judo, 6 months (3–10) for ground judo and 7 months (3–12) for combat judo. Of those who did not resume their judo practice, 3 patients voluntarily changed sports, 2 had psychological apprehension and 2 had residual groin pain. The weekly volume of practice preoperatively was 0.9hours (0–5) and postoperatively it reached 5hours (2–18) (P<0.001). ConclusionHRA in a population of high-level judokas allows for return to sport practice without short-term complications such as fracture, dislocation or loosening. Level of evidenceIII.

Effect of adding interferential current stimulation to exercise on outcomes in primary care patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To evaluate the effect of adding interferential current stimulation to exercise on pain, disability, psychological status and range of motion in patients with neck pain. Design: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Primary care physiotherapy units. Subjects: A total of 84 patients diagnosed with non-specific mechanical neck pain. This sample was divided into two groups randomly: experimental (n = 42) versus control group (n = 42). Interventions: Patients in both groups had a supervised therapeutic exercise programme, with the experimental group having additional interferential current stimulation treatment. Main measures: The main measures used were intensity of neck pain according to the Visual Analogue Scale; the degree of disability according to the Neck Disability Index and the CORE Outcome Measure; anxiety and depression levels according to the Goldberg scale; apprehension as measured by the Personal Psychological Apprehension scale; and the range of motion of the cervical spine. The sample was evaluated at baseline and posttreatment (10 sessions/two weeks). Results: Statistically significant differences between groups at posttreatment were observed for Visual Analogue Scale (2.73 ± 1.24 vs 4.99 ± 1.56), Neck Disability Index scores (10.60 ± 4.77 vs 18.45 ± 9.04), CORE Outcome Measure scores (19.18 ± 9.99 vs 35.12 ± 13.36), Goldberg total score (6.17 ± 4.27 vs 7.90 ± 4.87), Goldberg Anxiety subscale, Personal Psychological Apprehension Scale scores (28.17 ± 9.61 vs 26.29 ± 11.14) and active and passive right rotation. Conclusions: Adding interferential current stimulation to exercise resulted in better immediate outcome across a range of measures.

Reflection on lemology teaching from the human infections with avian influenza A（H7N9）

The advent of human infections with avian influenza A（H7N9）and the emerging communicable disease has brought us profound thoughts on lemology teaching recently. We analyzed the exiting challenges of lemology teaching, including great changes in communicable diseases com-posing but limited class hours, decreasing of communicable diseases cases, medical students＆#39; psycho-logical apprehension, lack of teachers, more and more requirements in the prevention and treatment for communicable diseases from the public, etc. Several suggestions on how to further improve the lemology teaching quality were proposed including adjusting the curriculum arrangement, paing atten-tion to accumulate teaching cases, applying multi-media materials, taking full advantage of the teach-ing cases from specialized hospital, teaching students knowledge about themselves protection, improv-ing the quality of young teachers, emphasizing discipline characteristics and the importance of public health, reforming the teaching method and promoting the effect of teaching in communicable diseases. Key words: Lemology; Teaching reform

Varicose Veins in Ambulatory Surgery: Patients’ Perception

Introduction: It is mandatory to perform venous surgery in ambulatory surgery units. The aim of this study is to analyse the patient’s perception concerning the period before hospital discharge.Study design: This was a prospective observational study of 100 patients who underwent primary varicose vein surgery. Venous disease was assessed according to the CEAP classification and VCSS system. The perception of anxiety or psychological apprehension was documented by simple questions. Additionally, we recorded the daily postoperative pain, the return to normal activity and the patient’s satisfaction score.Results: Four patients required unplanned admission from the ambulatory surgery floor to the hospital unit: two for medical reasons (urinary retention and haematomas) and two ladies who stayed overnight because of a severe anxious state. When questioned about the potential anxiety before hospital discharge, the majority of patients (87%) declared no psychological apprehension. Eleven patients decided to leave the hospital despite potential distress. Patients with distress were more frequently male (p = .75) with superficial phlebitis (p = .49), pre-operative painful varicose veins (p = .13) and a higher number of surgical incisions (p = .35). The only significant difference existing between patients with or without anxiety was regarding the complication rate in the recovery room (p = .04).Conclusion: Despite careful patient selection, psychological distress could not be prevented or predicted. There is no doubt however that taking these emotional factors into consideration in outpatient surgical practice is essential.

Aportaciones para una epistemología de los estudios sobre fronteras internacionales

En este artículo proponemos un modelo interpretativo que puede servir como referente para abordar desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar los estudios sobre fronteras internacionales. Dicho modelo, inspirado en la teoría del campo social dinámico o campo sociocultural (Sztompka, 1995) y en los modelos de simulación social basados en inteligencia artificial (Lozares, 2004), se articula en cuatro dimensiones básicas: ideacional, normativa, materialista y agencial. El modelo es dinámico e interactivo y presupone la existencia de relaciones múltiples y complejas entre las cuatro dimensiones del campo, así como de una cierta autonomía en cada una de ellas. Dicho modelo está gobernado, además, por dos vectores fundamentales: espacio y tiempo. La dimensión espacial se refiere tanto al soporte físico y material, al territorio, como a otros aspectos, entre ellos la aprehensión psicológica del espacio y el espacio imaginario. En su dimensión histórica, temporal, consideramos que el modelo evoluciona constantemente sobre un fondo de mismidad suficiente para poder ser estudiado como hecho social. Abogamos aquí por la necesidad de construir una metodológica ecléctica que nos permita alcanzar una conjunción equilibrada entre los aspectos tangibles e intangibles, cuantitativos y cualitativos, macro y micro, interpretativos y comprensivos, singulares y compartidos, funcionales y crítico-racionales.

Escala de Aprensión Psicológica Personal (EAPP) en Fisioterapia

This study analyzes the factor of the personality “neuroticism (psychological apprehension)”. It is fit in inside a more extensive investigation that develops a method of scaling of the self-perceptions (sensibility, contraction and tolerance) before different levels of application of current TENS. Said work requires to control this variable of the personality, that can affect to this type of research method. We present the construction and validation of a new survey type instrument that we denominated: “Scale of Personal Psychological Apprehension (EAPP)”. This drift of the questionnaire of Eysenck EPQ-RS1, of extensive disclosure and application in environments as the psychology. The EAPP is an adaptation, so much in its side léxica as of content, of the ítems that measure the factor N (neuroticismo) that is one of the dimensions collected inside the questionnaire of Eysenck. Especially the study of validation is undertaken and analysis of the reliability of said scale EAPP. Consequently, the methodology is of character correlacional, extensively employee in all the studies on the quality of the measures. The useful sample97 students of Physiotherapy they conform it. The conclusions to the ones that have arrived imply the quality of the instrument, being shown valid and reliable for the analysis of this factor N, that would be able to influence in the car-appraisals of the subjects. In final, we include an useful instrument “scale EAPP”, to be employed in the very diverse studies of the environment of knowledge of the Physiotherapy and, therefore, of the Sciences of the Health that need the appreciations of the own subjects investigated.

Beowulf (review)

and the flinty eloquence of its folk. The generosity and sweetness of a people happy to have Uved, and been part of one another, now and perhaps forever, sing loud and clear in these bountiful hundreds ofpages. (BA) Disgrace by J. M. Coetzee Viking, 1999, 220 pp., $23.95 "These are puritanical times. Private life is public business," announces David Lurie, the twicedivorced , joyless academic protagonist of Disgrace, the novel for which J. M. Coetzee received an unprecedented second Booker Prize. After teaching for a quarter century, Lurie loses his job as an adjunct professor of communications at Cape Technical University for his refusal to pubUcly repent of his brief affair with a pretty yet mediocre student. At 52, Lurie suddenly finds himself job-less, friendless, despised by his ex-wife and unable to write (his current project is an eccentric chamber opera about Byron's last years). Contemptuous and angry, he arrives at his daughter Lucy's smaU, isolated farm in the uplands of Eastern Cape, intending to temporarily escape what she sarcasticaUy calls his "higher Ufe" for one he beUeves to be simpler and less compUcated. Lurie becomes a farm worker and animal-shelter volunteer and tries to reestabUsh a relationship with his twenty-something daughter, who refuses to coddle him despite his selfinflicted despair. Beginning a new life in the country as a recluse is filled with its own peril, and Lurie soon finds himsetf in a dangerous place, where all his sophistication and extensive learning prove useless. Lurie and Lucy are unable to protect themselves from an afternoonlong , savage attack by three black men. Beaten, disgraced and humiUated , the former professor must help himselfand his daughter recover from the violence. The process is slow, and the suffering they endure raises for Lurie myriad questions about human isolation, parenthood and racial confrontation . He finds few answers. Worn and weary, yetwiser and kinder, Lurie concludes, "One gets used to things getting harder." The author of eight novels, Coetzee writes in concise yet gorgeous prose, and with a fierceness of attitude, about what it means to be human and in search of your soul in a complex time and place. Disgrace is a touching and perplexing novel, a major achievement . (KS) Beowulf translated by Seamus Heaney Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2000, 220 pp., $25 Seamus Heaney's new translation ofBawul/plunges readers to the "first stratum of the language," and they apparently like what they find there. A New York Times best-seUer and a seUout at megastores, this is a Uvely yet responsible rendering by the Nobel laureate of one of English Uterature's oldest heirlooms. This shining translation abounds in idiomatic language, local metaphor and even the occasional diche. For example, BeowuU repUes to a drunken Unferth's criticisms that "it 198 · The Missouri Review was mostly beer/that was doing the talking," and Hygelac, Beowulf's king, "hankers" to know the SeaGeats ' stories. Heaney's famiUar diction springs from his wish to change the average reader's impression that the poem is "written on official paper," i.e., a dusty literary relic. He conjures the speech ofhis Ulster kinsmen to provide him a "voice-right" to the poem's original language. In his preface Heaney declares his priorities. Naturalness and the "forthright deUvery" he finds in the original have been put before strict fideUty to meter, sentence structure, apposition, kennings, etc. From the outset his refusal to translate safely (and slavishly) is clear. OccasionaUy, however, his adjustments result in a disappointing loss of poetic effect. Heaney's best and most clairvoyant moments as a translator involve an intense identification with a character's condition. One warrior's long wael-fagne (UteraUy, "slaughterstained ") winter with his enemy is rendered as "resentful, blood-suUen." This kind of psychological apprehension springs in turn from an abiUty to bring to life the physical dimension first: Ongentheow's hand is imagined as "feud-caUoused," and Beowulf 's pain from the heated metal of his cheekguard is powerfully felt. Similarly, poetically rich kennings such as "wave-vat" for "sea" and "heather-stepper" for "deer" remain as is. Rarely does Heaney miss the mark in regard to word choice, but when he does, the...