Psychoanalytic Model Research Articles

ЧУЖИНКА: ПРОЄКЦІЯ АЛІЄНОВАНОЇ ЖІНОЧОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В МАЛІЙ ПРОЗІ ДЖИН РІС

The present study examines the prose texts written by Jean Rhys (1890–1979), a British woman writer of modernist literature. It is based on the perusal of several short stories, among others: “In the Rue de l’Arrivée”, “A Night”, “La Grosse Fifi ”; “Outside the Machine”, “The Lotus”, “Till September, Petronella”, and “Let Them Call It Jazz” which were included in two collections of her fi ction – “The Left Bank and Other Stories” (1927) and “Tigers are Better-Looking” (1968). The purpose of the paper is to analyze the author’s concept of lonely, alienated, vulnerable and defenseless female individuals which forms the core of her artistic imagination. The scientifi c research uses gynocritics as its methodological background. According to the theory of its critic E. Showalter, it was possible to identify four models of woman writing having been realized in Jean Rhys’s short prose: a) psychoanalytic; b) biological; c) linguistic and d) cultural. The psychoanalytic model of Rhys’s fi ction is viewed in the context of both the emotional and conscious worlds of an alienated female identity. The woman protagonist being rejected by a hostile society, becomes a stranger and outcast. The feelings of deep loneliness, pain, fear, and loss, intertwined with the death wish and with resistance, determine the constants of female existence. An important aspect of woman personality is the dimension of female friendship and solidarity. The biological model of short prose by J. Rhys is explored through the concept of female corporeality. The corporeal vulnerability of women protagonists is shown as a form of the fragility of their inner world. An unattractive woman image created by the author manifests the psychological uncertainty and brittleness of female characters. And a metaphor of the looking glass as a refl ection of their appearance reveals the concept of the female Self as a loss which varies from the loss of a woman’s youth to the loss of feminine identity or its splitting. The linguistic model of Rhys’s short stories testifi es to the bipolar artistic world of the writer, which is demonstrated at the confrontation between French and British cultures with the signs of laconism, subtext, and silence as the main features of her writing manner. Meanwhile, the cultural model of J. Rhys’s prose is read through the prism of the intertextual discourse of literature, music and painting. Key words: loneliness, fear, suff ering, alienation, hostility, corporeality, vulnerability.

“False teeth too, eh? … False identity too, eh?”: Postcolonial identifications in Dambudzo Marechera’s The House of Hunger

ABSTRACT This article reads a selection of stories from Dambudzo Marechera’s The House of Hunger with a focus on images of teeth. Combining a psychoanalytic model with elements of the abject, it argues that Marechera frequently invokes images of displaced or broken teeth as a physical marker of the psychically fragmented self. It reads Marechera’s use of teeth imagery as a means of dismantling psychoanalytically informed models of identification that rely on fixed identities and participate in a colonial dialectic of recognition. It argues that teeth, which are displaced during moments of identification with authority figures such as parents or soldiers, provide clear examples of the fragmented self that refuses to stay in place or cohere to a singular, fixed identity. As such, these moments of identification can be read as a form of resistance to the colonial structures of apartheid that form the backdrop of much of Marechera’s writing.

Creepypasta and “the Fabrègues Affair”: Imitation and aggression in a recent case of youth violence

This article offers a critical analysis of “the Fabrègues Affair” (2022), a case of youth violence in which two twelve-year-old girls carried out a series of stabbings, resulting in the death of one of their fathers. What was initially viewed as a simple “family tragedy [ drame intrafamilial]” ballooned into a national conversation when the girls claimed, after their arrest, that their violent act had been inspired by “creepypasta,” crowdsourced online horror fictions and videos. While the crime, in its purported relation to digital forms of storytelling, appears eminently specific to the present moment, and while news coverage consistently emphasized the girls’ femininity and sexual orientation in an apparent attempt to further sensationalize their act, the conventional wisdom, as it appears in media coverage of the case, exposes a striking reliance among commentators on outdated psychoanalytic models that do not attend to the specificities of the moment, or to questions of gender and sexuality. This article explores how theories of the relationship between imitation and aggression have been applied in “the Fabrègues Affair” before proposing alternative feminist approaches to understanding the social phenomenon of violent behaviors among girls who appear to draw inspiration from imaginary monsters. In doing so, it aims to contribute new perspectives, drawn from feminist theory and horror studies, to girlhood and childhood studies in the contemporary French context.

Clinical and Research Perspectives on the Therapeutic Conversation: The Case of MS. M.

This paper presents a collaboration between a clinician (C.M.J.) and a research team (W.B., B.M., and S.M.) to address the question: At an operational level, what happens in the special form of conversation that is psychotherapy? How can we study, beyond a priori lenses of psychoanalytic models, what we are actually doing when we engage in this process? How can we capture from the linear flow of conversation, the simultaneous, complex, active, interwoven, dimensional emotion schemas that words can only point toward? To address the question, we first present the need for new approaches in the current climate within the clinical and research communities. Next, we address the challenges for clinicians and researchers by using multiple code theory and derived linguistic measures that offer an objective view of the processes of subjectivity. We then apply the research methods to the clinical data to illustrate the yield of the collaborative effort-a yield that captures the connection between the linear flow of words and the arousal, verbal expression, and reflection/integration of emotion schemas without the usual filters of psychoanalytic models of process and change. The project illustrates the critical value of clinicians' perspectives to guide researchers and encourages clinicians to participate in research to advance our field. For researchers, this project represents a "fourth generation" of process research that includes the criteria of video-recorded, transcribed data; the clinician's report of their experience; a theory of how emotion-laden meaning and motivations (emotion schemas) are expressed in the therapeutic conversation; and reliable, valid measures to capture and represent those processes; and that encourages researchers to access the rich contributions of clinicians' understanding. The implication for clinical practice is a new way to look beyond the lens of psychoanalytic models into what is actually unfolding in real time.

THE HEROINE’S JOURNEY IN ANGELA CARTER’S THE BLOODY CHAMBER AND OTHER STORIES

Over the past decades, cis-women have obtained opportunities to demonstrate their skills and voice their opinion in what had predominantly been male-dominated settings, estab- lishing that there is no such environment unbefitting of their presence. However, this develop- ment in gender equality carries the question whether people of all genders are conditioned to change their innermost self in order to feel welcomed in Western societies which are predicated on masculine principles. In The Heroine’s journey: Woman’s Quest for Wholeness Maureen Mur- dock utilizes Jungian archetypes to examine the methods in which collective and one’s individual femininity keeps being suppressed in favor of traditionally established masculine traits. Outlin- ing each stage of the heroine’s journey, a psychoanalytic model of her own making, Murdock asserts that each individual must strike the balance between masculinity and femininity within themselves in order to complete their own, and others’, quest for wholeness. Considering that in The Bloody Chamber Angela Carter transforms masculine-driven fairy-tales into those celebrat- ing the aforementioned quest for balance, the purpose of the paper is to provide a detailed exam- ination of how Carter’s anthology follows the heroine’s journey. The paper establishes that each story corresponds to a stage in the heroine’s mythic quest, and that Murdock’s interpretation of Jungian archetypes echoes the character arcs of Carter’s heroes and heroines.

Mourning, melancholia and machines: An applied psychoanalytic investigation of mourning in the age of griefbots*

ABSTRACT Death and mourning are being shaped by posthumous opportunities for the dead to affect current life in ways not possible in pre-digital generations. The psychological and sociological impact of the dead ‘online’ and of ‘grief tech’ is only beginning to be understood. It has not yet been explored psychoanalytically until this paper that examines one type of grief tech, namely the griefbot. This development is critically explored through a psychoanalytic reading of an episode of Black Mirror. I suggest that a psychoanalytic model of mourning provides an invaluable perspective to help us to think about this technology’s potential as well as the psychological and ethical risks it poses. I argue that the immortalisation of the dead through digital permanence works against facing the painful reality of loss and the recognition of otherness, which is fundamental to psychic growth and to the integrity of our relationships with others. Drawing on Derrida’s conceptualization of ‘originary mourning’, I suggest that mourning is an interminable process that challenges us to preserve within the self the otherness of the lost object. The tools we use for mourning need to be assessed first and foremost against this psychological and fundamentally ethical process.

The Psychology of Adaptive and Maladaptive Relationships between Parents and Children of Senior School Age

The purpose of this article is: to study the concept of “child-parents adaptive relationships”; to describe The Humanistic Conception of child-parents adaptive relations; to present The Psychoanalytic Model of family adaptive education, The Transactional and The Behaviorist Models of Personality Adaptive Education; to describe the results of the experiment with the aim to explain that a person’s implementation of the feature of aggressiveness in destructive maladaptive behavior. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The pilot research was used as an empirical method. The results of the research. We proved, that socio-economic factors of family life (a quality of life, a status of a family, living conditions, monetary income, social status, a level of education of parents) does not have a direct impact on the manifestations of aggression of children, however, its pronounced disadvantage can motivate parents’ aggression towards children, causing the aggression as a response. Conclusions. We proved, that in the typology of a modern family, the main factors associated with manifestations of destructive aggressiveness of children are the influences of the socially disadvantaged microenvironment of the family, which predetermine its manifestations, and the profiles of parental attitudes in it, which determine its manifestations. The influence of the socio-economic characteristics of the family, its structure, composition and number, problems, associated with the health of its members, the culture of their communication, are of great importance in the manifestations of abnormal aggressiveness of children, but to a greater extent these manifestations are mediated by purely psychological family functioning parameters, also parental attitude profile.

Impact of Forensic Marketing on Consumer Behavior: Evidence From Beauty Products\’ Purchase Decision

Marketing firms navigate a dynamic environment characterized with volatility and complexity, where survival hinges upon adaptability and responsiveness to external forces. The pursuit of rapid growth, profit and competitive advantage in the cosmetics market often leads some companies to engage in unlawful and unethical practices, including copyright and trademark infringement and misleading marketing, which creates problems for honest consumers and the entire industry’s sustainability and leads to legal cases of fraud. This has led to the emergence of a specific type of marketing ‒ forensic marketing, characterised by a thorough check (often in a legal context) of all the facts and data accompanying marketing policy. This study examines how forensic marketing dimension influence the consumer behavior using the case study of 3 skincare products in Nigeria, including the impact of copyright violation on brand awareness, trademark infringement on consumer patronage, and the impact of misleading advertising on consumer loyalty. In solving this problem, the article analyses the provisions of the Theory of Buyer Behaviour, the Nicosia Model and the Psychoanalytic Model. The study is based on the results of an online survey of 384 Nigerian consumers of cosmetic skincare products (a five-point Likert scale was used for answers, Bill Golden technique was used to determine the sample size, Cronbach’s Alpha test was used to confirm reliability, and SmartPLS software was used for data processing). Descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and skewness) and inferential (structural equation modelling (SEM) by utilising the partial least squares (PLS) version) analyses were carried out. The modelling empirically confirms the validity of all three hypotheses: 1) respondents perceive copyright infringement as having a significant relationship with brand awareness, with the strongest impact on a product idea, moderate impact on brand name, and weak impact on promotion strategy; 2) trademark infringement practices have a significant impact on consumer patronage, with design having the strongest impact, signs and symbols having a moderate impact, and colour having a weak impact; 3) deceptive marketing practices have a significant impact on customer loyalty, with advertising having the most significant impact, product quality having a moderate impact, and labelling and packaging having a weak impact. The article emphasises the importance of regularly informing consumers about the quality and features of products, as well as encouraging whistleblowers through reward systems. By adopting ethical marketing practices, companies can build a reputation that will ultimately benefit society, strengthen their reputation, and influence consumer purchasing decisions.

The Impact of Gendered Oppression on the Psyche of Female Characters in the Novel The Pakistani Bride by Bapsi Sidwa

The study aims to explore the impact of gender oppression on the psyche of female characters in the context of the novel “The Pakistani Bride”. Hence, the main objective of this study is to investigate what sort of gender roles are assigned to the female characters in this novel what type of sufferings they are going through in terms of the fulfilment of those assigned roles which ultimately push them into an impulsive and neurotic state of mind. Freud (2016) psychoanalytic model has been applied as the theoretical framework of this study along with (Beauvoir, 1949) feministic approach. However, a particular sample of paragraphs from the particular novel has been drawn by applying the purposive sampling technique. The findings revealed that in the novel The Pakistani Bride, the female characters are being oppressed by patriarchal constraints and have no right to speak. They are being perceived as subordinates, others, and minor species and have been pushed to the periphery of society by male supremacy in nearly every aspect of human existence. The findings also asserted that the inability of women to speak for themselves is a result of patriarchal oppression and gendered roles that have driven women to suppress their urges and become neurotic.

Ta dziwna różnica, zwana płciową

The purpose of this article is to reflect on the way narratives are produced in contemporary feminism dominated by the paradigmatic split between feminist and queer theory. This results not only in the inability to produce new concepts revealing the common genealogies of feminism and queer, but also in an internal division within social movements. Meanwhile, French feminist theory from the 1970s provides evidence that the epistemological rupture thesis is untenable. Paradoxically, it is gender difference, based on and at the same time transcending the psychoanalytic model, that contains the queer potential capable of breaking this impasse. The discovery of this common heritage of feminism and queer could therefore abound in new alliances and solidarities, not only at the theoretical level. Keywords: French feminism, queer theory, gender difference, bisexuality

On looking into The Ego and the Id 100 years after its publication

ABSTRACT Freud's publication of The Ego and the Id sparked a diverging set of psychoanalytic models - ego psychology, structural conflict theory, Kleinianism, object relations theories, Lacanianism, etc. - each of which attempted to deal with the clinical limitations of his first topography in regard to unconscious guilt, negative therapeutic reactions and primitive character organizations. This paper attempts to look back on these developments from the perspective of contemporary, post-Freudian psychoanalytic theories.

The Continuing Clinical Value of Psychoanalytic Models of the Mind: Developmental, Relational, and Psychodynamic Perspectives on Infancy and Toddlerhood

The Continuing Clinical Value of Psychoanalytic Models of the Mind: Developmental, Relational, and Psychodynamic Perspectives on Infancy and Toddlerhood

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing.

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched's (2013) recommendation for a "binocular stance" to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client's unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.

From “Woman as Thing” to a “Subject-In-Process”: The Dynamics of Courtly Love in Charlotte Lennox’s The Female Quixote (1752)

Slavoj Žižek’s psychoanalytic analysis of “courtly love” concludes that the courtly image of the Knight’s subservience to his Lady actually masks the reality of male domination; however, Žižek’s own analysis seems complicit in the same problematic. Whereas courtly love provides a semblance of agency to the woman, in assuming the male partner as the subject from whose vantage the relationship is theorized, Žižek’s analysis strips the woman of any subjectivity or agency by rendering her an absolute object, a radical Otherness, a monster, and an automaton. While Žižek painstakingly represents the male-subject as the victim-agent in being the director of the masochistic performance, the female is rendered a perpetrator-object who despite enacting the terms of the same contract is termed an inhuman partner and hence a sadist. This lack of complex theorization of the Lady that renders her absolute evil reinforces conventional representation of femininity as evil. Besides, by declaring an impasse in feminism for its tendency to deny women ‘femininity’, Žižek, while bemoaning the inescapability of the asymmetrical love relationship ends up reifying it. While Žižek’s analysis writes the Lady off as a vacuum, Charlotte Lennox’s The Female Quixote (1752) provides an interesting alternative for theorizing courtly love from the vantage of the Lady via the protagonist, Arabella. A suitable framework for understanding Arabella’s investment in the conventions of courtly love can be found in Julia Kristeva’s psychoanalytical model that allows for reconceiving the Lady in courtly love as a subject. While developing on the scholarship that explores the novel’s negotiation of the gendered eighteenth-century English society, I argue that Arabella’s delusional immersion in romances signifies her proximity to the semiotic chora given her preoedipal maternal severance. As such, her preference of the “feminine” form of romance, reflective of the subversive force of the semiotic, represents Arabella’s defiance of the rational, masculine, novelistic discourse of the eighteenth-century symbolic.

Mental Illness: Social Dimension, is it Being Systematically Ignored?

For nearly half a century, the predominant focus of research in mental health has been on understanding the biological basis of mental disorders and new drugs. This was a major shift from the first half of the 20th century, when the psychoanalytic model was dominating the scene. Our understanding of the biological basis of many mental disorders has definitely improved in the last few decades with the advances in structural and functional imaging. However, there has not been any major advancement on the therapeutic side, with no significant introductions after the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin dopamine antagonists. Mental disorders have been identified as an important contributor to the global burden of disease, with the burden not shown any fall over the last 3 decades. Thus, there is a need to focus on the social dimension of mental disorders which has been systematically ignored. The strategies may include following a public health approach, dealing with stigma associated with mental disorders, strengthening the mental health services in the community, and improving their accessibility, and promotion of mental health well-being, dealing with disease burden, building resilience, involving families in management, targeting recovery, social prescribing, and using information technology, wherever appropriate.

‘Psychische huid’ bij autisme en narcisme: een psychoanalytisch perspectief

Autism and narcissism in adulthood can look similar, complicating psychiatric classification. Using the psychoanalytic model of the psychic skin, together with clinical examples, an attempt will be made to map differences between the two phenomena which may initiate phenomenological and psychodynamic research and sharpen differential diagnosis.

A Study on Impulsive Buying Behaviour in Online Shopping

Purpose: The present study aims to provide a broad overview of impulsive buying through literature review, find stimuli that triggers Impulse buying during online shopping, analyze the influence of respondents’ demographic and psychographic factors on impulsive buying and to construct and validate regression model. Theoretical framework: The study extensively reviewed available literature pertaining to various theories affecting consumer while purchasing goods online and offline. It largely conforms to the existing models of consumer behavior such as learning model (peer influence per se), psychoanalytical model (Eg: mood upliftment) and economic model (like seeking discounts and offers). It also embraces Maslow’s theory of need hierarchy (Ready to Eat products (RTE) were found to be bought most impulsively). Design/methodology/approach: The study has been taken up in select locations of Bangalore City, India, which is a hub for different types of e-commerce players and large consumer base with diverse background. The present study used both primary and secondary data. A structured questionnaire was administered online as well as in person with target respondents in select locations of Bangalore following area sampling method. A total of 600 respondents were contacted and complete information was obtained from 171 respondents during 2021-22. Qualitative analysis has been done from the responses captured through open ended questions in the instrument. Findings: Results show significant association between income and impulsive buying, different categories of products and tendency for impulsive buying, and Discount and offers are found to be most significant factors driving impulsive buying online along with tendency to buy online for mood upliftment and an urge to gratify the needs instantly. The model predicts impulsive buying with adjusted R2 value of .671 which is statistically significant. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study leaves major implications for the marketers as well as the consumers, apart from enriching the existing body of knowledge. Discounts become imperative for the marketers to drive sales and revenues which is not going to be a sustainable phenomenon. Customers get overused to discounts and churn when the discounts cease to exist. It may even prompt the marketers to portray that they are offering discounts, which may be fake and illusive, and finally would deceive the consumers. Originality/value: The model predicts impulsive buying with adjusted R2 value of .671 which is statistically significant.

Debates in psychoanalysis: A Latin American perspective

ABSTRACT While pluralism allows for the recognition of different psychoanalytic models, it still remains a challenge to build processes and arguments strong enough to resolve basic disagreements. The Three-Level Model constitutes a valuable tool to an open critical discussion among analysts of different theoretical orientations regarding a clinical material, by providing sources of evidence about patient transformations in an analytic process.

The “event-tragedy” of war in the figures of Badiwan’s reflections as a condition of philosophy

Claiming our share in discursive positions, ideas and assessments of Russian aggression in Ukraine, reflections on it, we investigate this tragic event through heuristic value and "social relevance", influences on internal determinants — "life of mind" and spirit of man and communities, the formation of which is determined by the course of the war. Hegel's work "Phenomenology of the Spirit" was used to operationalize his position on the gestalts of the spirit, the appeal to which was stimulated by Slavoj Žižek's analysis and evaluation of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, in which he appealed to the Hegelian understanding of freedom, "for which Ukrainians are fighting today" (Žižek). In the analysis of the eventtragedy as the external world of human existence, emphasis is placed on the scientific content of the concept of the Event in the philosophical explorations of A. Badiou, S. Žižek, the heuristic fruitfulness of which is that they act as meaninggenerating factors in the configuration of the external and internal world of human life in a war situation. Regarding the latter, reflection is carried out through the prism of the psychoanalytic method, represented by the psychoanalytic model of thinking of Wilfred Bion and through the existential analysis of being by Karl Jaspers and Paul Tillich. The substantiation of the cognitive function of the life of the mind, which generates gestalts of the spirit and needs emotional coloring, required additional work by Hannah Arendt. The Deleuzian version of the event was used as a source for the formation of the concept of immediate existence for decision-making in the situation of a tragic event. It is noted that such searches are a significant part of the life of the mind and spirit, anxiety and resistance. Fichte's Ukrainian lamentation, his "Speech to the German Nation" during the time of Napoleon's invasions, is accompanied by references to M. Espany's theory of cultural transfer. Using the work of V. Frankl. P. Tillich, K. Jaspers in relation to Real Death allows us to apply Real Death as a marker of war to the conditions of modern philosophy.

A Two-Systems Engagement with the Psychoanalytic Model of Adolescence

ABSTRACT In this paper the authors address the strengths of the traditional psychoanalytic model of adolescence, but suggest that it applies mainly to disturbed young people and misrepresents the majority of well-functioning adolescents. This blurs distinctions between normality and pathology, affecting diagnosis and clinical technique, promoting as well a skewed image of the phase in the general culture. To redress this difficulty, the authors propose revision and elaboration of the classical model through the addition of a perspective based on a developmental model of two systems of self-regulation that effectively describes the full range of functioning and generates a wider repertoire of techniques. Using data from 38 published cases, they counter some traditional premises, demonstrating that psychoanalysis can be the treatment of choice for disturbed adolescents, as it is highly effective, accepted by most adolescents and their parents when it includes concurrent parent work, and can be brought to proper termination with improved outcomes.