Context Of Psychiatric Care Research Articles

The Proud History of Psychosurgery in the USA.

To understand the development and growth of psychosurgery, the context of psychiatric care in the mid-twentieth-century USA must be considered-for example, overpopulation and understaffing of public institutions, and typical use of psychotherapy, which was generally useless in treating the symptomatology of severe mental illness. Therefore, the introduction of prefrontal lobotomy (and, later, transorbital lobotomy) by Drs.Walter Freeman and James Watts, who modified the technique of leukotomy developed by Nobel Prize laureate Dr.Egas Moniz, was considered revolutionary and quickly gained widespread acceptance by medical community. No other alternative treatment at the time demonstrated comparable efficacy. At its peak, psychosurgery was sometimes applied inappropriately, but records from multiple institutions across the USA demonstrate that these were exceptional cases, whereas, as a rule, selection of surgical candidates was based on very strict criteria, indicating the high professionalism and humanity of medical staff. Although psychosurgery has declined heavily since the 1950s, it is not obsolete and is currently considered a valuable treatment option, realized through various open, stereotactic, or radiosurgical procedures.

The caring encounter between patient and nurse within a mental health and psychiatric care context – as described by nurses working in an emergency polyclinic

The caring encounter between patient and nurse within a mental health and psychiatric care context – as described by nurses working in an emergency polyclinic

Equipe de saúde mental: análise do discurso sobre a prática no contexto da reforma psiquiátrica

In Brazilian context the Psychiatric Reform is introducing important challenges to think about the mental health team’s education. This study aims to analyze the discourse of one mental health worker about the own practice, focusing inherent aspects to the formation of the team for working in the substitutive services. We sought to extract some doubts, positioning or ideologies that permeate the insertion of this worker in the current context of psychiatric care. This is a qualitative research, developed in 2006 at a substitutive service of a city of the southern Brazil. We used the critical discourse analysis (CDA. The results point that the psychiatric reform context is capable to reorient discourses and to process changes, at the same time where it finds barriers that difficult its consolidation. The team’s formation starts to incorporate interdisciplinary knowledge, for example. However, in the practical field it is still focused in abilities and competences division, close to the multidisciplinary knowledge. We hope that this study serves as a subsidy for other studies Mental Health to enlarge, discursively, the understanding of how our society relates with the mad and madness, and with the approaches and distancing characteristic of this relationship. Descriptors: Mental health; Social sciences; Psychiatric nursing.

Special units for the difficult and violent mentally disordered patient in france

Abstract After outlining the historical background, this survey of the special units for the difficult and violent mentally disordered patient in France examines their legal framework, their present provision and their operational difficulties, and finally considers their role in the general context of psychiatric care.