PSPICE Program Research Articles

Comparison, Simulation and Analytical Investigation of Voltages, Currents and Powers Waveforms of the at Sixteen Different Combination Step-Down Three Phase Transformer Connections

This article investigates different currents, voltages, phase differences and powers of sixteen different connections step-down three phase connections transformers fed sinusoidally for analytical and simulation conditions. In this paper, analytical modeling and equations for step-down three phase transformer based on current point signal and voltage polarity are presented. A discussion based on their theoretical use is then presented in the simulation along with calculations regarding their power performances. Results obtained from simulations and analytical situations of sources, transformer primary, transformer secondaries and loads currents (A), voltages (V), powers (W), between sources and transformer primary, between transformer primary and transformer secondaries and between transformer secondaries and loads phase differences were also obtained. These models are also validated by simulation results of currents, voltages, phase differences and powers waveforms for each analytical case. PSpice program is used for this simulation.

Comparison, Simulation and Analytical Investigation of Voltage Current and Power Waveforms of the at Eight Different Combination Step-up and Step-down Single Phase Transformer

This article investigates different currents, voltages and powers of four different step-down and four different step-up autotransformers fed sinusoidally for analytical and simulation conditions. In this paper, analytical modeling and equations for step-down and step-up autotransformer based on current point signal and voltage polarity are presented. A discussion based on their theoretical use is then presented in the simulation along with calculations regarding their power performances. These models are also validated by simulation results of current, voltage and power waveforms for each analytical case. PSpice program is used for this simulation.

Comparison, Simulation and Analytical Examination of the Currents of Four Different Combination Coupled Circuits with Different Solution Method

This article investigates different currents of four different coupled circuit fed sinusoidally for analytical and simulation conditions. In this paper, analytical modeling and equations for four different coupled circuit based on current point signal is presented. A discussion based on their theoretical use is then presented in the simulation along with calculations regarding their currents performances. These models are also validated by simulation results of current waveforms for each analytical case. PSpice program is used for this simulation. It has been confirmed that the analytical calculation values obtained in the analysis of the coupled circuits and the simulation plot values obtained in the Pspice analysis are the same.

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONVERTER CIRCUITS APPLIED FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

This research intents to design and laboratory implementation of a power electronic converter, which is useful for home applications, industrial, communications, street light and water pumping using solar cell source. The design is based on a step up boost DC/DC converter followed by a full wave SPWM inverter. The nominal power rating is 1.25kW and can operate from any DC source such as DC battery besides fuel cells. The system which consists of the following stages (PV, converter, inverter, DC link, filter and snubber circuit), is designed primarily with a general module depending on Orcad PSPICE program to produce power output nearly 1.25kVA at 50Hz with a pure sinewave output for both voltage and current. After designing and simulating this system, the intended SPWM inverter are built experimentally to compare its results with the simulated one.

Current feedback operational amplifier‐based fully orthogonal universal and multifunction filters

SummaryThis paper introduces a second‐order voltage‐mode (VM) multiple‐input single‐output (MISO) universal filter and a second‐order current‐mode (CM) single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) multifunction filter. The introduced VM MISO universal filter includes a single current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) and a single voltage follower as active elements, while the introduced CM SIMO multifunction filter contains two CFOAs. Both introduced circuits are orthogonally controllable. In other words, the quality factors can be controlled through a single resistor without affecting the resonance frequencies. Both circuits have low sensitivities and no passive element‐matching conditions. The introduced VM MISO universal filter has a low output impedance. Moreover, to extract the output currents of the proposed CM SIMO from high impedance terminals, second‐generation current conveyor‐based version of the circuit is introduced. Simulations are made through the PSPICE program, where 0.13‐μm IBM CMOS technology parameters are utilized. DC supply voltages are selected as ±0.9 V. In the experiments, AD844s are used, and DC supply voltages are chosen as ±7.5 V.

Current-mode PID controllers employing commercially available active components

This work describes two current-mode (CM) PID controllers using only two commercially active components, namely, current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA), and four passive components, i.e. two capacitors and two resistors. They have appropriate output and input impedance values, allowing them to be utilized in cascade connections without requiring a buffer circuit. Since all capacitors are grounded, it is suitable for integrated circuit (IC) technology. Moreover, the controllers can be easily modified to operate in voltage-mode (VM), transimpedance-mode (TIM), and transadmittance-mode (TAM) PID controllers. Using 0.18 µm CMOS parameters and the PSPICE program, the proposed circuits are simulated to verify the theoretical behavior. To demonstrate the viability of the circuits, experimental tests using commercially available AD844 integrated circuits are performed. The suggested PID circuits are alsoexperimental tested in a closed-loop system as an example.

Rosen-Type Piezoelectric Transformers Based on 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Ceramic and Doped with Sb2O3.

In this study, the characteristics in the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (0.5BZT-0.5BCT) were investigated to assess its potential for Rosen-type piezoelectric transformers. This piezoelectric ceramic has a piezoelectric charge coefficient d33 of 430 pC/N, an electromechanical coupling factor kp of 49%, a dielectric constant εr of 2836, a remnant polarization Pr of 4.98 μC/cm2, and a coercive electric field Ec of 2.41 kV/cm. Sb2O3 was soft doped with 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mol%, respectively, and exhibited excellent physical properties at 0.1 mol%. Based on this, a piezoelectric transformer was fabricated and measured, and it showed better output characteristics than pure 0.5BZT-0.5BCT. The amplification ratio (Vout/Vin) was optimized based on the device geometry and properties of the piezoelectric material. Moreover, the output characteristics of the Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer were simulated with the PSpice program. Output values of the fabricated and simulated piezoelectric transformers for the r vibrational frequency were compared and analyzed. Accordingly, the step-up amplification ratios Vout/Vin of the fabricated and simulated devices at the vibrational frequency were compared as well. This piezoelectric transformer could replace silicon steel transformers and be used for the creation of black light and for laptop chargers.

Second Generation Current Controlled Current Conveyor Based Low Pass Filter Design For The Processing of EEG Signals

EEG signals are noisy signals that allow brain activity to be analyzed. In recent years, it has been seen that current conveyor-based circuits, which have many advantages such as wide bandwidth, high linearity, low power consumption, have been used instead of operational amplifiers in the analysis of these signals. In this study, a second-generation current controlled current conveyor (CCCII+) low pass filter circuit with a cut-off frequency of 100 Hz has been presented for the analysis of EEG signals. The simulation of the circuit was carried out with the Orcad pspice program. In addition, the application circuit of this low-pass filter circuit has been made and oscilloscope images have been obtained for some frequency values. AD844 IC is used as current conveyor in the application circuit. The data of epilepsy patients and normal people taken from the University of Bonn were applied to the CCCII+ low pass filter circuit and the frequency bands of these signals were examined. It has been predicted that if this CCCII+ low pass filter circuit is used in EEG measurements, it will give good results in the diagnosis of neurological diseases such as epilepsy.

IMPROVED ACTIVE FILTER PERFORMANCE IN SINGLE-PHASE CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS WITH PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM) CONTROL

Various commutation techniques, such as forced commutation, ignition angle control, and symmetrical angle control, have been developed to improve the input power factor and harmonic level. However, all of these techniques will produce only one pulse per half cycle of the converter input current, and consequently, the lowest order harmonic is the third harmonic. A comparative study of active filter converters between single pulse and PWM control has been investigated. Both converters are given identical R and RL loads to compare power factor (PF) and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The method used is a simulation with the PSPICE program. The performance of both rectifiers is evaluated based on the input current waveform, THD, and PF. At RL load, the input current distortion decreases drastically, with a THD of 100.67%. In PWM control, harmonics are reduced with a THD of 25.48%. The rectifier power factor in the active filter obtained PF of 0.25, whereas in PWM control, PF increased by 0.65.

Mixed-mode Multiphase Sinusoidal Oscillators using Differential Voltage Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifiers and Only Grounded Passives Components

This article is about mixed-mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillators that are made up of differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCTA) and use all the grounded passive components. The proposed multiphase sinusoidal oscillators provide a single DVCCTA, a single grounded resistor and a capacitor for each phase which is suitable for integrated circuit implementation. In addition, the sinusoidal outputs generate currents and voltages simultaneously. The current signals from the outputs have high impedances, which make it easier to connect them directly to the next circuit or stage. The proposed circuits can generate multiphase sinusoidal signals that are both equally phased and in amplitude. The oscillation can be adjusted simultaneously of the frequency of oscillation by the electronic method. A simulation with the PSPICE program and an experiment with commercially available ICs (AD830, AD844, and LM13700N) demonstrated. The results show the efficiency of the circuit is completely consistent with the theory.

A linearly/electronically controllable high gain VDGA and its applications

Since the transconductance gains of an active building block namely voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA) is directly proportional to nonlinear (square root) function of external DC bias currents, affecting the narrow range tunability and low transconductance gains. This article aims to introduce a high gain VDGA by using CMOS current squaring circuits biasing in each transconductance cell. It offers high transconductance gains, wide range of tunability, linearity of controllability, larger input voltage range and nearly infinite input impedance. The proposed circuit was designed using a 0.18 µm CMOS transistors technology. The test was performed using PSpice program, it is consistent with the theoretical expectation. The total power consumption is 2.9 mW at ±1.5 V power supply. Even its power consumption is more than about 3 times of their previously proposed VDGAs, the figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed VDGA is much better than that of the previously proposed VDGAs (about 10 times). Additionally, the applications of the proposed VDGA as a capacitance multiplier, current multiplier/divider, summing amplifier, independently/electronically tunable multifunction filter, precision half-wave and full-wave rectifiers are included to insist the workability of the proposed VDGA.

A Novel DDCC-Based Current-Mode Two-Integrator-Loop Active-C Biquad

In this study, a novel DDCC-based two-integrator-loop universal active-C biquad with a companding process scheme is proposed. The proposed filter employs some processing blocks such as integrators and summing blocks. The use of the block diagram design procedure is attractive and systematic. The state space synthesis technique is utilized for the topology of the integrator design. Several advantages of the proposed filter are briefly expressed as: simultaneously realizing five second-order filter functions such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, all-pass and notch filter responses; offering resistorless realization; dissipating low power; having electronic tunability feature of its pole frequency and quality factor orthogonally; not suffering from disadvantages of the passive element matching problems. Some simulation results including frequency and time domain analysis results by using the PSpice program are carried out to confirm the theoretical ones. All the obtained simulation results are discussed.

A Universal PSpice Simulation Model of a Switched Buck Voltage Regulator

The article describes the design of a universal simulation model of a voltage regulator for applications compatible with the globally used PSpice program. Users can create a model of any type of integrated switching voltage regulator that is currently available on the market by setting its individual parameters. The proposed connection of the regulator was applied in the connection of the buck DC–DC converter. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the results obtained by the simulation to other official models and to practical measurements taken on a real sample of the converter. The versatility of the model was proven by comparison with another type of converter with different parameters.

Novel Voltage-Mode PID Controller Using a Single CCTA and All Grounded Passive Components

A compact voltage-mode proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on the utilization of a single current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA) is presented in this paper. The presented active PID controller is made up of a single CCTA, and four truly grounded passive components, i.e. two resistors, and two capacitors. The design consideration of the controller parameters has been examined. Besides, the crucial sensitivity performances of the controller parameters for ideal and non-ideal conditions have also been discussed. An application on the closed-loop test system is demonstrated to validate the practicability of the proposed PID controller circuit. To confirm the theoretical behavior, the proposed circuit is simulated with the PSPICE program using TSMC 0.35-um CMOS process technology. Experimental test results based on commercially available CFOA AD844 and OTA CA3080 integrated circuits are also provided to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed circuit.

The development a fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter with Caprio technique

This paper presents the development and design of a fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter with Caprio technique, which could include the design and implementation of a first-order low-pass filter circuits. The filter consists of six bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and a single capacitor. The filter construction uses a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) as the main device and a single capacitor. A fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter with Caprio technique developed. The architecture of the circuit is quite simple and proportional, symmetrical with signs of difference. Circuits developed into integrated circuits act like basic circuits for frequency filter circuits, current modes with Caprio techniques, obtained by improving the first-order low-pass filter for signal differences with incoming impedances. Adjusting the parameters of the circuit with the caprio technique achieves the optimal parameter value for correcting the total harmonic distortion value.
 The results of testing the operation of the circuit, a fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter with Caprio technique developed and designed using the PSpice program. The simulation results showed good results in line with predicted theoretical analysis. The sensitivity of the device to the center frequency (ω0) response is low and independent of variables, the angular frequency is linear with wide current adjustment throughout the sweeping range of a wide frequency range, with a wide range of over tree orders of magnitude. Therefore, fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter developed is very suitable to apply various applications regarding low frequency signal filtration, for example in biomedical systems, for example.

Reconfigurable of current-mode differentiator and integrator based-on current conveyor transconductance amplifiers

The reconfigurable of the differentiator and integrator based on current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCTAs) have been presented in this paper. The proposed configurations are provided with two CCTAs and grounded elements. The configurations can be operated in the differentiator and integrator by selecting external passive elements. The input and output currents have low and high impedances, respectively; therefore, the configurations can be cascaded without additional current buffer. The proposed configurations can be electronically tuned by external direct current (DC) bias currents, and it also has slight fluctuation with temperature. An application of universal filter is demonstrated to confirm the ability of the proposed configurations. The results of simulation with Pspice program are accordance with the theoretical analysis.

Economical High Frequency Voltage Source Inverter System.(Dept.E)

High-performance high-frequency inverter systems for voltage source applications such as UPS represent a demanding application that cannot be easily realized using conventional PWM inverter modes. New controller structures are necessary to cope with stringent voltage regulation and distortion constraints in the presence of nonlinear loads. This paper presents a simple but intelligent hysteresis controller. It utilizes all possible inverter topologies in addition to feed-forward strategy to achieve low output ripple, minimum switching frequency and excellent transient performance. These features were not available until now. The result verifying the concept, using pspice program for practical electronic control circuit and power devices, are presented Although this paper explains the implementation of the 3-phase control and power circuits that can adapt itself in case of nonlinear and unbalanced loads.

A fully/electronically controllable voltage-mode Schmitt trigger based on only single VDGA and its applications

This article is objected to present a new fully/electronically controllable voltage-mode Schmitt trigger based on a modified voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA). It can offer both counterclockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) functions, without changing circuit topology. The proposed Schmitt trigger comprises merely one VDGA and three resistors. The hysteresis and amplitude of the output voltage of proposed Schmitt trigger can be independently controlled by corresponding bias currents of the VDGA. The modified VDGA was designed by a fully balanced differential transconductance technique based on 0.35 µm CMOS transistor technology, providing advantages in high gain, wide range of adjustability and symmetrical output signals. The performances of proposed Schmitt trigger were deeply investigated by not only simulation via PSpice program, but also experimental setup using commercially available integrated circuits. Both results agree well with the theoretical anticipation and are consistent each other. The total power consumption is approximately 1.39 mW at ± 1.5 V power supply. Additionally, to prove the practical use-abilities of the proposed Schmitt trigger, its applications in a voltage-mode relaxation oscillator, a triangular/square wave generator and a pulse width modulator are also included.

Single VDGA-Based Dual-Mode Multifunction Biquadratic Filter and Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator

This article relates to the realization of voltage-mode and/or current-mode multifunction biquadratic filter and quadrature oscillator circuits each using one voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA), two resistors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed dual-mode filter having one output and three inputs can provide the three standard biquadratic transfer functions with both voltage and current output filter responses simultaneously. It also has the independent tuning of the angular resonance frequency and the quality factor . With a slight modification of the proposed filter, a new dual-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator can be obtained. The proposed quadrature oscillator provides orthogonal resistive/electronic control of both oscillation condition and oscillation frequency. Non-ideal and parasitic conditions are also examined and their effects on the circuit performance are discussed. In order to confirm the theory, several computer simulation results with PSPICE program are given .

Condition of phase angle for a new VDGA-based multiphase variable phase shift oscillator from 0<sup>o</sup> to 90<sup>o</sup>

A novel interesting type of variable phase angle voltage mode oscillator using modern building block has been presented in this paper. The new proposed oscillator configuration which uses four voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA) and two grounded capacitors can generate two sinusoidal signals that change out of phase by 0 to 90 degree. It has four floating and explicit voltage mode outputs where every two outputs have the same phase. The circuit is characterized by (i) the condition of phase angle of the oscillation (PO) (this concept is introduced for the first time in this paper) can be tuned electronically (ii) the gain of the floating outputs can be controlled independently (iii) it provides electronic control of condition of oscillation (CO) and independent control of frequency of oscillation (FO). The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output waveforms was obtained and the results were reasonability values (less than 4.5%). The non-ideal analysis and simulation results are investigated and confirmed the theoretical analysis based upon VDGAs implementable in 0.35μm CMOS technology. Simulation results include time response and frequency response outputs generated by using the PSPICE program.