Pseudogemini Surfactant Research Articles

Dissipative particle dynamics simulation and experimental studies of pseudo-gemini surfactants with different hydrophobic chain lengths

In this work new pseudo-gemini type surfactants are constructed via a simple, energy and material efficient way, using piperazine, propylene oxide and seven different fatty acids: capric, lauric, myristic, stearic, oleic and linolenic. The compounds are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR studies. Micellization and adsorption properties of the novel pseudo-gemini surfactants are investigated via surface tension and conductivity measurements. Antimicrobial properties are evaluated using the simple disk diffusion test method. Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) simulations are performed to model aggregation behavior of the new pseudo-gemini surfactants. Experimental studies revealed that Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of the obtained pseudo-gemini surfactants are lower than 1 mmol/L. Theoretically calculated CMC values are slightly higher than experimental CMC values. However, overall, very good agreement between theoretical and experimental CMC values is observed. Radial Distribution Function (RDF) and radius of gyration (Rg) plots are analyzed to gain further insight into aggregation of the surfactant molecules in aqueous environment. The DPD model of the pseudo-gemini amphiphiles successfully predicts the most important traits of the aggregation process.

Study on the key performance and stabilization mechanism of viscoelastic scCO2 foams: The formation of pseudo-gemini surfactants

Worm-like micelles have been recognized as “living polymers,” and their outstanding physicochemical properties provide unique advantages in improving foam stability. Recently, the use of pseudo-Gemini surfactants to create worm-like micelles has garnered substantial attention because of their cost-effectiveness and high performance. However, there is a dearth of research on the key properties of scCO2 foam stabilized by pseudo-Gemini surfactants and the mechanism behind their stabilizing effect. To address this gap, a scCO2 foam system stabilized by worm-like micelles was constructed using pseudo-Gemini surfactants. Through a combination of surface properties, bulk rheology, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) measurements, the synergistic effect and foam stabilization mechanism of oleic amidopropyl betaine (OAB) and alpha-olefin sulfonate sodium (AOS) were investigated. The results confirmed the formation of pseudo-Gemini surfactants in the mixed system (OAB + AOS), with superior surface activity compared with individual surfactants. Furthermore, the assembly parameter P = 0.498, determined through interfacial parameter analysis, indicated the self-assembly of worm-like micelles in the mixed system. The rheological properties of the foam liquid, as well as foam drainage, and coarsening experiments showed that the presence of worm-like micelles increased the elasticity of the liquid film, impeding the contraction and expansion of the foam. This resulted in a 145 % increase in the liquid drainage half-life of the scCO2 foam and a 19.3 % reduction in the diffusion rate of scCO2 in the liquid film. Further evidence from DLS and Cryo-SEM confirmed the formation of robust worm-like micelle structures in the OAB + AOS mixed system, enhancing the ability of the liquid film to withstand external disturbances. This study is crucial for advancing the existing understanding of pseudo-Gemini surfactants in terms of improving foam performance and designing effective small-molecule foam fracturing fluids.

Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Based on Pseudo Gemini Surfactant with Polysaccharide Addition.

In the last decade, hydrogels for hydraulic fracturing based on viscoelastic surfactants have been actively studied. Interest in these systems is justified by their unique qualities: good viscoelasticity and the ability to form stable suspensions of proppant or sand, destruction without the formation of bridging agents, hydrophobization of the rock surface and metal of technological equipment, as well as oil-cleaning properties. These qualities are most often provided by a minimum set of components-a surfactant and an electrolyte. However, the absence of a polymer limits the use of these gels in formations where fluid leakoff is possible. In this article, a liquid was studied, based on a pseudo gemini surfactant (PGVES) with the addition of a water-soluble polysaccharide. The objects of study were selected based on the assumption of interactions between PGVES and the polymer; interactions which favorably influence the technological characteristics of the fracturing fluid. To confirm the hypothesis, rheological studies were carried out. These included rotational viscometry and oscillatory studies at various temperatures. The settling velocity of particles of various proppant fractions was studied and tests were carried out to assess fluid leakoff. The performed experiments show an improvement in the characteristics of the PGVES-based gel under the influence of the polysaccharide. In particular, the rheological properties increase significantly, the stability of proppant suspensions improves, and the fluid leakoff of systems decreases, all of which expands the possibility of using these fracturing fluids and makes this area of experimentation promising.

Microstructure-dependent CO2-responsive microemulsions for deep-cleaning of oil-contaminated soils

CO2-responsive microemulsion (ME) is considered a promising candidate for deep-cleaning and oil recovery from oil-contaminated soils. Understanding the responsive nature of different microstructures (i.e., oil-in-water (O/W), bicontinuous (B.C.) and water-in-oil (W/O)) is essential for unlocking the potential and mechanisms of CO2-responsive emulsions in complex multiphase systems and providing comprehensive guidance for remediation of oil-contaminated soils. Herein, the responsiveness of microstructures of ME to CO2 trigger was investigated using experimental designs and coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulations. MEs were formed for the first time by a weakly associated pseudo-Gemini surfactant of indigenous organic acids (naphthenic acids, NAs are a class of natural surface-active molecules in crude oil) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) through fine tuning of co-solvent of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and butanol. The O/W ME exhibited an optimal CO2-responsive character due to easier proton migration in the continuous aqueous phase and more pronounced dependence of configuration on deprotonated NA ions. Conversely, the ME with W/O microstructure exhibited a weak to none responsive characteristic, most likely attributed to its high viscosity and strong oil-NA interactions. The O/W ME also showed superior cleaning efficiency and oil recovery from oil-contaminated soils. The results from this study provide insights for the design of CO2-responsive MEs with desired performance and guidance for choosing the favorable operating conditions in various industrial applications, such as oily solid waste treatment, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and pipeline transportation. The insights from this work allow more efficient and tailored design of switchable MEs for manufacturing advanced responsive materials in various industrial sectors and formulation of household products.

Pseudo gemini surfactant fracturing fluid with dual function of fracturing and oil flooding for enhanced oil recovery

The flow back treatment after the completion of hydraulic fracturing leads to inevitable formation damage and economic losses. Herein, a Pseudo gemini surfactant (5-SSIPA/EA) was formed by the assembly of Erucamidopropyl dimethylamine (EA) and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (5-SSIPA). 5-SSIPA/EA exhibited high viscoelasticity in aqueous solution and suggested oil-induced gel-breaking behavior, which features the dual functions of fracturing and oil flooding. 5-SSIPA/EA with a concentration of 30 mM suggested excellent resistance for temperature and shear, whose viscosity remained 49 mPa·s with a shear rate of 170 s−1 at 110 °C. 5-SSIPA/EA showed good sand carrying capacity with a sand settlement rate of 0.006 cm·min−1, Resulting from the adsorbed 5-SSIPA/EA molecules reducing the adhesive force of oil droplets and alerting the wettability of rock surface, the oil-induced gel breaking fluid of 5-SSIPA/EA exhibited excellent oil washing efficiency and oil flooding efficiency. Therefore, 5-SSIPA/EA is expected to evade the flowback process and realize the integration of fracturing and oil flooding. We confirmed that the 5-SSIPA/EA system has a potential application prospect in the development of a low permeability reservoir.

Sulfonic-Acid-Based Pseudogemini Surfactant Stabilized Emulsions in Acidic Environments: Removal of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Blockage

At present, many researchers are paying attention to pseudogemini surfactant system. In our previous study, oleic-acid-based pseudogemini surfactants (D-OA) assembled by electrostatic interaction between polyether amine (Jeffamine D230) and oleic acid (OA) exhibit extremely high surface activity, but are pH-responsive and unstable in acidic environments. In this paper, OA is replaced by dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) to assemble sulfonic-acid-based pseudogemini surfactants (D-SA). D-SA can stabilize oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions in acid solutions with 4 mol/L H+ concentration, whereas the preferred O/W emulsions are inverted to water-in-oil (W/O) with further increase H+ concentration in the aqueous phase. The cost-efficient O/W acidic emulsions have excellent salt-resistance, thermal stability, and controlled release of DBSA. Additionally, the acidic emulsions have a dual action that capable of removing asphaltene deposits and dissolving calcite scales (CaCO3), with the maximum corrosion efficiency exceeding 85 %. This study extends the use of pseudogemini surfactant assembled by electrostatic interaction in harsh environments, which is likely to be of significant potential for practical applications to acidification and unblocking of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.

Controlling High-Speed Droplet Splashing and Superspreading Behavior on Anisotropic Superhydrophobic Leaf Surfaces by Ecofriendly Pseudogemini Surfactants.

Efficient deposition of high-speed droplets on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces remains an important challenge. Especially for the anisotropic wired superhydrophobic leaf surface, the splashing phenomenon is more serious, which leads to the low effective utilization of pesticides by biological targets. The lost pesticides have caused serious ecological environment pollution. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a green and sustainable strategy in a cost-effective to achieve efficient deposition of high-speed droplets on anisotropic superhydrophobic leaf surfaces at low dosage. A kind of green pseudogemini surfactants is constructed based on fatty acids and hexamethylenediamine by electrostatic interaction to control the splashing and spreading of high-speed droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. The formed surfactant can not only achieve completely inhibition of the bouncing of droplets, but also promote the rapid spreading on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces at a very low usage. The efficient deposition and superspreading phenomenon are attributed to the rapid migration and adsorption of the surfactant from the dynamic spherical micelles at the newly formed solid-liquid interface, the network-like aggregated spherical micelles, and the Marangoni effect caused by surface tension gradient. Moreover, the surfactant shows excellent synergistic effect with herbicides to control weeds by inhibiting droplets splashing. This work provides a more simple, effective and sustainable approach to utilize aggregated spherical micelles rather than conventional vesicles or wormlike micelles to improve the droplet deposition on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces and reduce the impact of surfactants and pesticides on the ecological environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PH-Induced hydrogels and viscoelastic solutions constructed by a Rosin-Based Pseudo-Gemini surfactant

• A novel pseudo-Gemini surfactant was constructed by mixing a rosin-based surfactant (C 10 MPAN) with maleic acid (MA). • Hydrogels at pH 5.35–5.00, 2.00 ∼ 1.00 and viscoelastic solutions at pH 5.00–2.00 are formed in the C 10 MPAN/MA system. • Vesicles, wormlike and enormous lamellar micelles were sequentially formed by decreasing the pH of C 10 MPAN/MA system. • In C 10 MPAN/MA system, maltese crosses lamellar liquid crystal was formed in the hydrogels at pH 1.00. Rosin-based surfactants exhibit unique superiority in self-assembly; however, pseudo-Gemini surfactants derived from rosin are rare. Herein, A new pH-responsive surfactant, N-decyl-maleimidepimaric acid N, N-dimethylenediamide (C 10 MPAN) was synthesized from rosin, and its structure was characterized by NMR and MS. Additionally, a novel pseudo-Gemini surfactant was prepared by mixing C 10 MPAN and maleic acid (MA) at a molar ratio of 2:1. Hydrogels at pH 5.35–5.00, viscoelastic solutions at pH 5.00–2.00, and hydrogels at pH ≤ 2.00 formed sequentially in the C 10 MPAN/MA aqueous solutions. The properties of these hydrogels and viscoelastic solutions were investigated using rheology, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The aggregates in the C 10 MPAN/MA aqueous solution underwent a transition from unilamellar vesicles to multilamellar vesicles, to wormlike micelles, and finally to enormous lamellar micelles as the pH was decreased from 5.35 to 1.00. The exponent between the zero-shear viscosity of the wormlike micelles and concentration reached 23.1. The sizes of the unilamellar vesicles at pH 5.35 varied from 10 to 100 nm, while those of the multilamellar vesicles at pH 5.00 reached 500 nm. Moreover, a Maltese crosses liquid crystal phase was formed by the lamellar micelles. 1 H NMR and surface tension methods were further used to investigate the aggregation mechanism induced by the pH. The large rigid skeleton of rosin acts as the backbone for the formation of diverse aggregates. This study shows the superior properties of rigid groups in the self-assembly of surfactants and provides a new insight for the applications of rosin.

On the important transition of sugar-based surfactant as a microreactor for C-S coupling in water: From micelle to vesicle

A reversible, temperature-induced micelle-to-vesicle transition of a sugar-based pseudogemini surfactant (C11D12) was employed for copper-catalyzed C-S coupling in water. The phase behavior and morphology of the C11D12 aqueous solution were investigated by DLS and cryo-TEM. The aggregates undergo a series of transitions upon increasing the temperature: spherical micelles were initially transformed into large vesicles, but they eventually transformed into smaller vesicles. The vesicular catalytic protocol accommodates an excellent substrate scope with moderate to high yields. The mechanisms of temperature-induced aggregate transition and vesicular catalysis were elucidated by experimental results and DFT calculations. It was revealed that the charge layer of the vesicle grants stronger nucleophilicity to the PhSO2-Cu-D12Ga intermediate. Furthermore, the aqueous reaction medium can be recycled and reused several times after easily separating the precipitated product.

Self-Assembled Vesicles Formed by Positional Isomers of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate-Based Pseudogemini Surfactants.

The construction of pseudogemini surfactants based on noncovalent interactions (such as electrostatic interaction and π-π stacking) was a powerful method to assemble well-defined aggregates in aqueous solution. The mixtures of butane-1,4-bis(methylimidazolium bromide) ([mim-C4-mim]Br2) and positional isomers of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS-0,11 or SDBS-3,8) in a molar ratio of 1:2 were studied to characterize the effect of straight and branched alkyl chains on the aggregation behavior of pseudogemini surfactants. Spontaneous phase transition from micelles to vesicles was formed by these two kinds of complexes. Interestingly, a densely stacked onion-like structure (multilamellar vesicles) with more than one dozen layers was fabricated. The micelle and vesicle phases were characterized in detail by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, polarized optical microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and rheological measurements. It can be clearly demonstrated that the structure of alkyl chain can significantly influence the surface adsorption, solution self-assembly, and aqueous two-phase system of pseudogemini surfactants. Our work provided a convenient technique to achieve controlled self-assembly by introducing positional isomers of surfactants.

Insights into the Assembly of the Pseudogemini Surfactant at the Oil/Water Interface: A Molecular Simulation Study.

The interfacial assembly process and configuration of the pseudogemini surfactant fabricated by sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and 4,4'-oxydianilinium chloride (ODC) were studied using quantum mechanical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD simulation results revealed that SDBS and ODC showed the vertical and horizontal arrangements at the oil/water interface, respectively, and the interfacial assembled configuration presented an unexpected "H" shape rather than the traditional "U" shape. The radial distribution functions between the head groups and water molecules were employed to explore the effects of the surrounding water molecules on the SDBS/ODC interaction. Furthermore, the results of the nonbonded interaction calculations and the reduced density gradient method directly confirmed that the cation-π interaction should be responsible for the SDBS/ODC assembly mechanism and the final configuration at the oil/water interface.

Krafft Temperature, Critical Micelle Concentration, and Rheology of “Pseudo‐Gemini” Surfactant Comprising Fatty Acid Soap and Bola‐Type Quaternary Ammonium Salt

AbstractBola‐type quaternary ammonium salt can bridge with two fatty acid soaps through electrostatic attraction to form a pseudogemini surfactant, which enhances the solution viscosity. In this work, the effects of the building blocks (spacer and hydrophobic chain) of a pseudogemini surfactant on the Krafft temperature, critical micelle concentration, and rheological properties were investigated. The results revealed that the addition of bola‐type salt obviously decreased the Krafft temperature of sodium stearate (C18ONa), and a bola‐type salt bearing a large benzene ring (Bola2be) was more effective than the one bearing an ethyl group (Bola2et) or a hydroxyethyl group (Bola2hy). When bola‐type salt is mixed with fatty acid soap at a fixed molar ratio of 1:2, a pseudogemini surfactant forms in situ, and the viscosity of the solution is significantly enhanced by the formation of a worm‐like micelle (WLM) network. The stronger the hydrophobicity of the bola‐type salt or the tail of the fatty acid soap, the lower the critical overlapping and micelle concentrations, and the stronger is the ability to enhance viscosity. However, pseudogemini surfactants that use sodium stearate as a monomer show similar self‐assembly abilities to those using sodium oleate as a monomer. In addition, the WLM formed by pseudogemini surfactants composed of Bola2be and sodium stearate or sodium oleate were liable to branch at high concentrations.

Physicochemical Properties of Noncovalently Constructed Sugar-Based Pseudogemini Surfactants: Evaluation of Linker Length Influence

Natural renewable glucose or lactose upon reaction with dodecylamine has been converted into N-dodecylglucosylamine or N-dodecyllactosylamine, which upon acid–alkali reaction with dicarboxylic acid (HOOC(CH2)n-2COOH, n = 3,4,5,6,8) gives a series of sugar-based pseudogemini surfactants (G-n, L-n, respectively). Some physicochemical properties such as the critical micelle concentration (CMC), equilibrium surface tension at the CMC (γCMC), effectiveness (πCMC), efficiency (pC20), maximum surface excess (Γmax), minimum surface area (Amin), counterion binding of micelles (β), and the changes of standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGm0), enthalpy (ΔHm0) and entropy (ΔSm0) for processes of micellization in the range 298.15 K to 328.15 K have been evaluated by surface tension and electroconductometry methods in aqueous solutions of these pseudogemini surfactants. The results revealed that most of the above properties depend on dicarboxylic acid linker length and headgroup saccharide size. These findings help with unders...

CO2-controllable smart nanostructured fluids in a pseudo Gemini surfactant system

A novel CO2 responsive anionic smart wormlike micelles (SWLMs) was constructed by simply mixing sodium oleate (NaOA) and the small organic counterion 2, 6, 10-trimethyl-2, 6, 10-triazaundecane (TMTAD) in a 3:1 M ratio without complex organic synthesis. After bubbling CO2, TMTAD and NaOA molecules in aqueous solution, a pseudo Gemini surfactant is formed in situ due to electrostatic interactions. This system shows two obvious performance transitions when CO2 is continuously introduced, from a water-like solution to a viscoelastic fluid and then a milky solution. Such transitions reflect the continuous transformation of the self-assembled structure from spherical micelles to wormlike micelles and then vesicle or spherical micelles. Additionally, this system can exhibit two similar sequential transformations when the pH changes in the reverse process.

CO2-responsive aqueous foams stabilized by pseudogemini surfactants

HypothesisTo obtain surfactants with superior surface activity and responsive behavior, “pseudogemini” surfactants (short for D-LCFA) are synthesized by mixing long chain fatty acids (LCFA) and polyetheramine D 230 at fixed molar ratio (2:1). Non-covalently bonded building blocks indicate that CO2-responsive aqueous foams can be obtained by utilizing such pseudogemini surfactants. Experiments1H NMR and FT-IR characterizations prove that the building blocks of these surfactants are associated by electrostatic interaction. The synthesis (Brønsted acid-base reaction) is simple and eco-friendly. “Pseudogemini” structure enables D-LCFA to reduce surface tension of aqueous solution effectively, thus facilitating foam generation. Rheograms, FF-TEM and Cryo-TEM results prove that different aggregates in D-LCFA aqueous solutions lead to different foam properties. FindingsBubbling of CO2 for about 30 s leads to the rupture of aqueous foams generated by D-LCFA, while removing CO2 by bubbling of N2 at 65 °C for 10 min enables re-generation of foams. The CO2-responsive foaming properties can be attributed to dissociation of D-LCFA upon bubbling of CO2 and re-association upon removal of CO2. The effective CO2-responsive foams can be applied to many areas, such as foam fracturing, foam enhanced oil recovery or recovering of radioactive materials.

Interfacially Engineered Pyridinium Pseudogemini Surfactants as Versatile and Efficient Supramolecular Delivery Systems for DNA, siRNA, and mRNA.

This article presents the synthesis, self-assembly, and biological activity as transfection agents for pDNA, siRNA, and mRNA of novel pyridinium pseudogemini surfactants, interfacially engineered from the most efficient gemini surfactants and lipids generated in our amphiphile research program. Formulation of novel amphiphiles in water revealed supramolecular properties very similar to those of gemini surfactants, despite their lipidlike charge/mass ratio. This dual character was found also to enhance endosomal escape and significantly increase the transfection efficiency. We were also successful in identifying the parameters governing the efficient delivery of pDNA, siRNA, and mRNA, drawing valuable structure-activity and structure-property relationships for each nucleic acid type, and establishing DNA/siRNA/mRNA comparisons. Several supramolecular complexes identified in this study proved to be extremely efficient nucleic acid delivery systems, displaying excellent serum stability and tissue penetration in three-dimensional organoids.

CO2/N2-switchable viscoelastic fluids based on a pseudogemini surfactant system

ABSTRACTWe prepared a CO2/N2-switchable pseudogemini surfactant system composed of sodium oleate (NaOA) and N, N, N’, N’-tetramethyl-1, 6-hexanediamine (TMHDA) at a mole ratio of 2:1. The two tertiary amine groups of the TMHDA can be protonated into quaternary ammonium salt when the system was bubbled with CO2, which can ‘‘bridge’’ two NaOA molecules via electrostatic attraction to form a pseudogemini surfactant. The formed pseudogemini surfactant can further self-assemble to wormlike micelles, causing a sharp increase in viscosity. The viscoelastic property and structure transitions of the pseudogemini surfactant system were investigated before and after bubbling of CO2. The pseudogemini surfactant system transformed from water-like to gel-like fluid with the bubbling of CO2, followed by white precipitate. The cryo-transmission electron microscope (cryo-TEM) characterization and rheological measurements exhibited that the sol–gel transition was attributed to a spherical-wormlike micelle transition. Moreover, this transition was switchable at least in three cycles. Finally, a reasonable mechanism of aggregate behavior transition was proposed from the viewpoint of the molecular states, micelle structures, and intermolecular interactions.

CO2-Switchable microemulsion based on a pseudogemini surfactant.

At present, more and more researchers around the world are paying attention to stimuli-responsive surfactants. In this paper, we have reported a microemulsion prepared from the tertiary amine TMPDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine) and the anionic surfactant SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate), which has good carbon dioxide response characteristics. The molar ratio of TMPDA to SDS is 1 : 2. By introducing CO2 into the microemulsion that consists of SDS, TMPDA, n-hexane, n-butanol and water, the tertiary amine TMPDA molecules can be protonated to form quaternary ammonium species. The protonated tertiary amine TMPDA can be assembled with SDS by electrostatic interactions to form a pseudogemini surfactant (SDS-TMPDA-SDS). The pseudogemini surfactant can dissolve in the aqueous phase which makes the microemulsion break down eventually. By bubbling N2 after CO2 into the same system at 50 °C for 3 hours, the pseudogemini surfactant SDS-TMPDA-SDS disintegrates into SDS and TMPDA, respectively. At the same time, the microemulsion also recovers its initial state. Such a reversible transition could be repeated for several cycles from monophase to complete phase separation.

Temperature-induced reversible micelle–vesicle transition in aqueous solution of a pseudogemini surfactant without any additive

Temperature-induced reversible micelle–vesicle transition is achieved in aqueous solution of a single pseudogemini surfactant without any additive.

Ionogels of pseudogemini supra-amphiphiles in ethylammonium nitrate: Structures and properties

Thermoreversible ionogels formed by pseudogemini surfactants were prepared in protic ionic liquid, ethylammonium nitrate (EAN). Gemini-type supra-amphiphiles were formed by single-chain surfactants and bola-type molecules in a 2:1M ratio. The structures of aggregates including polymorphous lamellar structures and fibrous networks constituted by multilayer lamellae were determined by optical microscopy observations, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The mechanism of molecular arrangement in aggregates was proposed. Transformation temperatures of samples which are closely related to the stability of well-ordered molecules in aggregates, as well as the rheological properties of ionogels were investigated systematically. The work affords a new way to construct ionogel by using the supramolecular self-assembly of pseudogemini-type molecules, and brings new ideas for the future construction of ionogels.