Pseudo Channels Research Articles

Classification of left and right hand motor imagery EEG signals by using deep neural networks

The brain-computer interface (BCI) is one of the most promising technologies that allows us to establish a relationship between brain and devices. In this study, three-channel EEG signals collected from nine subjects performing two motor imagery tasks are classified using two different deep neural network (DNN) based approaches called framework 1 (FW1) and framework 2 (FW2). The proposed frameworks were evaluated using BCI Competition IV-IIb dataset. In FW1, the raw EEG data is directly presented to the deep neural network without performing any pre-processing. In FW2, the EEG data is first filtered with five band pass filters with fifth order (Butterworth), then the common spatial patterns (CSP) method, which introduces additional pseudo channels, is applied to the filtered signals. Two experiments were conducted for each framework. In the first experiment, a unique DNN is trained for each subject, and in the second experiment only one DNN is trained with the combination of training sets of all subjects. The performance of the two experiments are then compared in terms of average accuracy. According to the simulation results, we did not observe a significant difference between the average classification accuracies obtained with the first and the second experiments. Therefore, we concluded that, by the use of DNNs we do not need to train several subject-specific networks which requires high computational loads. On the other hand, we observed that the average classification performance significantly improves by the filtering and extracting features with CSP pre-processes.

Condensation of the correlation functions in modal testing

Abstract A well known issue when performing Operational modal analysis in the time domain is the challenge of choosing the right order of the system matrix. Setting the order higher than the rank of the system results in over fitting, i.e. having more poles to place than modes of the system. This results in fitting poles to noise or non linearities of the system. In This paper a method to avoid over fitting by reducing the physical channels to a reduced number of pseudo channels condensing the relevant physical information and leveling the level of energy in each channel is suggested.

One 2D anionic coordination polymer with {[Co(H2O)6]}2 + cationic guest for fast and selective adsorption of cationic dyes

One new anionic Coordination Polymer, namely [Co(H2O)6]2+·[Co3(bptc)2(H2O)10]2−·3H2O (1), where H4bptc=3,3′,5,5′-biphenyltetracarboxylate, has been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized. In compound 1, bptc4− as tridentate ligands connect the Co2+ cations to form a 2D layer with 1D pseudo channels encapsulation of [Co(H2O)6]2+ guest. In addition, their adsorption activities for organic dyes were investigated in aqueous solution. The results suggested that the anionic complex 1 show rapid and selective adsorption of cationic dyes for Neutral red, Methylene blue.

Encapsulation of one-dimensional cation chains into pseudo-channels by varying monomers with opposite charge

Two compounds with cation chains and monomers, [Co1/2(bpbenz)1/2]+·[Co1/2(oba)]− (1) and [Ni(DPT)(H2O)4]2+ [tpdc]2− (2) have been synthesized under hydrothermal condition (bpbenz = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene, H2oba = 4,4′-oxybis- (benzoate), DPT = 2,5-dipyridinethiophene, H2tpdc = biphenyldicarboxylic acid). In compound 1, the monomer [Co1/2(oba)]− anions stack in three orientations to generate a 1D pseudo channels encapsulation of cationic chains [Co1/2(bpbenz)1/2]+. When considering the H-bonding interaction between coordinated water O atoms of the [Co1/2(bpbenz) 1/2]+ cationic chain and uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms of the [Co1/2(oba)]− anion, a binodal 3,6-coordinated 3D architecture is generated. Like 1, the one-dimensional cation chains [Ni(DPT)(H2O)4]2+ locate in pseudo-channels by [tpdc]2− monomers anions in compound 2. A 3D net is also generated considering the H-bonding interaction.

Statistical Theory of Breakup Reactions

We propose alternatives to coupled-channels calculations with loosely-bound exotic nuclei (CDCC), based on the the random matrix (RMT) and the optical background (OPM) models for the statistical theory of nuclear reactions. The coupled channels equations are divided into two sets. The first set, described by the CDCC, and the other set treated with RMT. The resulting theory is a Statistical CDCC (CDCC$_S$), able in principle to take into account many pseudo channels.

Calculational procedure for electron-atom scattering at arbitrary energies

The close coupling method for electron-atom scattering is generalized and extended with the aid of the Nesbet variational method to provide a general procedure for the calculation of any transition. These features are introduced: (a) An arbitrary set of basis states for the atom (pseudostates), containing components in the continuum, which becomes complete if extended indefinitely. (b) The pseudo channels introduced in (a) are allowed to be open. (c) The T matrix (rather than the R matrix) is calculated directly.

1,4-Diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(3-carboxypyridine-2-carboxylate) 2.17-hydrate

The title compound, C6H14N22+·2C7H4NO4−·2.17H2O, is a hydrated mol­ecular salt. The cation has crystallographic twofold rotation symmetry, and the component species inter­act by way of bifurcated N—H⋯(O, N) hydrogen bonds to result in associations of two anions and one cation. The anion is stabilized by an intra­molecular O—H⋯O bond. The water mol­ecules are disordered and occupy [001] pseudo channels in the structure.

The First Open-Framework Cadmium Phosphate, K4[Cd3(HPO4)4(H2PO4)2], with a Layered Structure

A layered cadmium phosphate of the formula K4[(Cd3(HPO4)4(H2PO4)2], I, containing six-membered apertures, constituting the first example of an open-framework cadmium phosphate, has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Crystal data: monoclinic, P21/n (No. 14), a=9.0698(3), b=6.7341(3), and c=18.2663(7) Å, β=93.092(1)°, V=1114.03 Å3, Z=4. The structure consists of a network of CdO6 octahedra and PO3(OH) and PO2(OH)2 tetrahedra forming a spiro unit, which are connected through Cd2O2 two-membered rings forming one-dimensional chains. The chains are further connected forming two-dimensional macroanionic layers with six-membered apertures possessing hanging phosphate units on either side of the layer. The layers are stabilized by strong hydrogen bond interactions between the terminal P–OH groups forming pseudo channels in which the charge-compensating extraframework K+ ions are located. The presence of the spiro unit and the infinite one-dimensional Cd–O–Cd chains, along with the hanging phosphates are noteworthy structural features.

FATIMA-a data acquisition system for medium scale experiments

The data acquisition system FATIMA (FERA amplitude and time multiparameter analyzer), which utilizes CAMAC, FERA (Fast Encoding and Readout ADC System), and a VAX-Station, has been designed and built for nuclear physics experiments like subthreshold pi /sup 0/-production in heavy ion collisions. The major features of the system are fast data readout of up to 352 ADCs and/or TDCs in conjunction with data reduction, event buffering, high-speed data transfer and simple interfacing to any workstation. For online acquisition, recording, and analysis of data as well as experiment control a modular program system was developed on VAX/VMS. Data analysis comprises online sort of real and pseudo channels and graphical representation of sorted data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>