Prunus Mume Sieb Research Articles

Studies on the orange red color development on the surface of the dried Ume (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) in a drying system equipped with full spectrum artificial sunlight

An orange-red fraction was obtained from fully sun-dried Ume (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) using a layer extraction method with acetone, methanol, and chloride as organic solvents. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed a series of (-)-epicatechin (EC) dimers and trimers. The polymers were compared with published m/z negative mode and their fragments were characterized as procyanidin B2–2 (A-type dimer), procyanidin C1–2 (A-type trimer), and procyanidin C1–4 (dehydrotriepicatechin B1). High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis showed that the dehydrotriepicatechin B1 peak had an absorption maximum of 425 nm in the visible light range (400–600 nm). Similar results were obtained when salted Ume were subjected to simulated sunlight drying conditions using a low-temperature artificial drying system. Testing of blue light in an (-)-epicatechin (EC) model system showed the strongest catalytic effect. This study suggests that during sun-drying of salted Ume, (-)-epicatechin (EC) concentrates on the epidermis and undergoes photooxidative polymerization after sufficient sun exposure, further producing double bonds that cause the surface of sun-dried Ume to appear orange-red. This research has led to an innovative drying system that can replace sun-drying and avoid external factors such as insects, bacteria, meteorology, and food nutrition improvement that affect the quality of dried products.

Neodothiora pruni sp. nov., a Biosurfactant-Producing Ascomycetous Yeast Species Isolated from Flower of Prunus mume

A yeast strain, designated as JAF-11T, was isolated from flower of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. in Gwangyang, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain JAF-11T was closely related to Neodothiora populina CPC 39399T with 2.07 % sequence divergence (12 nucleotide substitutions and three gaps in 581 nucleotides) in the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, and Rhizosphaera macrospora CBS 208.79T with 4.66 % sequence divergence (25 nucleotide substitutions and five gaps in 535 nucleotides) in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Further analysis based on the concatenated sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and the ITS region confirmed that strain JAF-11T was well-separated from Neodothiora populina CPC 39399T. In addition to the phylogenetic differences, strain JAF-11T was distinguished from its closest species, Neodothiora populina CPC 39399T and Rhizosphaera macrospora CBS 208.79T belonging to the family Dothioraceae by its phenotypic characteristics, such as assimilation of carbon sources. Hence, the name Neodothiora pruni sp. nov. is proposed with type strain JAF-11T (KACC 48808T; MB 850034).

Mumefural Improves Recognition Memory and Alters ERK-CREB-BDNF Signaling in a Mouse Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.

Cognitive impairment resulting from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is known as vascular dementia (VaD) and is associated with cerebral atrophy and cholinergic deficiencies. Mumefural (MF), a bioactive compound found in a heated fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc, was recently found to improve cognitive impairment in a rat CCH model. However, additional evidence is necessary to validate the efficacy of MF administration for treating VaD. Therefore, we evaluated MF effects in a mouse CCH model using unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO). Mice were subjected to UCCAO or sham surgery and orally treated with MF daily for 8 weeks. Behavioral tests were used to investigate cognitive function and locomotor activity. Changes in body and brain weights were measured, and levels of hippocampal proteins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) were assessed. Additionally, proteomic analysis was conducted to examine the alterations in protein profiles induced by MF treatment. Our study showed that MF administration significantly improved cognitive deficits. Brain atrophy was attenuated and MF treatment reversed the increase in AChE levels. Furthermore, MF significantly upregulated p-ERK/ERK, p-CREB/CREB, and BDNF levels after UCCAO. Thus, MF treatment ameliorates CCH-induced cognitive impairment by regulating ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling, suggesting that MF is a therapeutic candidate for treating CCH.

Mume Fructus (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) extract accelerates colonic mucosal healing of mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium through potentiation of cPLA2-mediated lysophosphatidylcholine synthesis

BackgroundMume Fructus (MF) is the fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc, a plant of Rosaceae family. Previous studies demonstrated that MF was capable of ameliorating ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, its action mechanism needs to be clarified. PurposeThis study deciphered whether and how MF extract accelerates colonic mucosal healing, the therapeutic endpoint of UC. MethodsBiochemical, histopathological and qRT-PCR analyses were utilized to define the therapeutic efficacy of MF on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics technique was adopted to explore the changes of endogenous metabolites associated with UC and responses to MF intervention. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to confirm the molecular pathway in vivo. The effects of MF and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on cell viability, wound healing, proliferation, and migration were examined through a series of in vitro experiments. Moreover, the effects of different subtypes of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors on MF-treated colonic epithelial cells were detected by wound healing test and transwell assay. ResultsOrally administered MF could alleviate colitis in mice mainly by accelerating the healing of colonic mucosa. Guided by an unbiased metabolomics screen, we identified LPC synthesis as a major modifying pathway in colitis mice after MF treatment. Notably, MF facilitated the synthesis of LPC by enhancing the expression of PLA2 in colitis mice. Mechanistically, MF and LPC accelerated wound closure by promoting cell migration. Moreover, the promotion of MF on wound healing and migration of colonic epithelial cells was blunted by a cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) inhibitor. ConclusionMF can facilitate colonic mucosal healing of mice with colitis through cPLA2-mediated intestinal LPC synthesis, which may become a novel therapeutic agent of UC.

Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of YUCCA gene family associated with plant vigor in Japanese apricot (prunus mume Sieb. Et zucc)

Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of YUCCA gene family associated with plant vigor in Japanese apricot (prunus mume Sieb. Et zucc)

PmAGAMOUS recruits polycomb protein PmLHP1 to regulate single-pistil morphogenesis in Japanese apricot.

Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) is a traditional fruit tree with a long history. Multiple pistils (MP) lead to the formation of multiple fruits, decreasing fruit quality and yield. In this study, the morphology of flowers was observed at 4 stages of pistil development: undifferentiated stage (S1), predifferentiation stage (S2), differentiation stage (S3), and late differentiation stage (S4). In S2 and S3, the expression of PmWUSCHEL (PmWUS) in the MP cultivar was significantly higher than that in the single-pistil (SP) cultivar, and the gene expression of its inhibitor, PmAGAMOUS (PmAG), also showed the same trend, indicating that other regulators participate in the regulation of PmWUS during this period. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) showed that PmAG could bind to the promoter and the locus of PmWUS, and H3K27me3 repressive marks were also detected at these sites. The SP cultivar exhibited an elevated level of DNA methylation in the promoter region of PmWUS, which partially overlapped with the region of histone methylation. This suggests that the regulation of PmWUS involves both transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Also, the gene expression of Japanese apricot LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN (PmLHP1), an epigenetic regulator, in MP was significantly lower than that in SP in S2 to 3, contrary to the trend in expression of PmWUS. Our results showed that PmAG recruited sufficient PmLHP1 to maintain the level of H3K27me3 on PmWUS during the S2 of pistil development. This recruitment of PmLHP1 by PmAG inhibits the expression of PmWUS at the precise time, leading to the formation of 1 normal pistil primordium.

Research on Chilling Requirements and Physiological Mechanisms of Prunus mume

Low temperature plays a vital role in the growth and development of woody plants. In this research, based on the ability of artificial low temperatures to break dormancy, the Utah model was used to determine the chilling requirements (CR) of four early flowering Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. (Rosaceae) cultivars, which are widely found in the Henan area of China. In addition, changes in the carbohydrates, antioxidant enzyme activities, and endogenous hormone contents of the flower buds (FBs) of the above-mentioned P. mume cultivars were measured during the low-temperature storage process, and the physiological changes of the four cultivars during the low-temperature induction period were explored. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) the CRs of ‘Gulihong’, ‘Nanjing gongfen’, ‘Zaoyudie’, and ‘Zaohualve’ were 408CU, 396CU, 372CU, and 348CU, respectively. All the P. mume cultivars belonged to cultivars with a low chilling demand. They also bloomed 4 months earlier, and (2) during the process of releasing dormancy at low temperatures, the contents of soluble sugar (SS) in the osmoregulation system of the four Prunus mume cultivars showed an upward trend, while the content of starch (ST) basically showed an opposite trend to the increase in chilling. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the FBs of each cultivar gradually decreased with the increase in cold and remained at a low level, while the peroxidase (POD) activity showed an opposite trend, and the dynamic changes of the catalase (CAT) activity generally showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The content of abscisic acid (ABA) showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing as a whole. The changing trend of gibberellin (GA3) content was similar to that of ABA. In addition, it was found that before dormancy was released, the SS and Pro contents of cultivars with lower CRs and early FB germination were significantly higher than those of other cultivars with higher CRs and the contents of ST and SP were lower. The cultivars with higher CRs and late FB germination had higher ABA content, lower GA3 contents, and their enzyme activities were significantly higher than those of the cultivars with lower CR. Therefore, the changes in the content of various substances in FBs are related to the amount of cooling required by the cultivar and at what point the FBs germinate, and the changes in their contents can be used as one of the indicators for judging the dormancy process of FBs.

Production of a New Biosurfactant by a New Yeast Species Isolated from Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.

Biosurfactants reduce surface and interfacial tension due to their amphiphilic properties and are an eco-friendly alternative for chemical surfactants. In this study, a new yeast strain JAF-11 that produces a biosurfactant was selected using drop collapse method, and the properties of the extracts were investigated. The nucleotide sequences of the strain were compared with closely related strains and identified based on the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Neodothiora populina CPC 39399T, the closest species with strain JAF-11, showed a sequence similarity of 97.75% for LSU and 94.27% for ITS, respectively. The result suggests that the strain JAF-11 represents a distinct species that cannot be assigned to any existing genus or species in the family Dothideaceae. Strain JAF-11 produced a biosurfactant reducing the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 34.5 mN/m on the sixth day of culture and the result of measuring the critical micelle concentration (CMC) by extracting the crude biosurfactant was found to be 24 mg/l. The molecular weight 502 of the purified biosurfactant was confirmed by measuring the fast atom bombardment mass spectrum. The chemical structure was analyzed by measuring 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and two-dimensional NMRs of the compound. The molecular formula was C26H46O9, and it was composed of one octanoyl group and two hexanoyl groups to myo-inositol moiety. The new biosurfactant is the first report of a compound produced by a new yeast strain, JAF-11.

Changes in quality properties and volatile compounds of different cultivars of green plum (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) during ripening

Changes in quality properties and volatile compounds of different cultivars of green plum (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) during ripening

Evaluation of Dynamic Changes and Regularity of Volatile Flavor Compounds for Different Green Plum (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) Varieties during the Ripening Process by HS-GC-IMS with PLS-DA.

Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and partial-least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were adopted to analyze the rule of change in flavor substances for different varieties of green plums at different levels of maturity (S1-immature, S2-commercially mature, and S3-fully mature). The results showed that 68 kinds of volatile flavor substances were identified in all green plum samples. The types and contents of such volatile substances experienced a V-shaped trend with an increasing degree of green plum maturity. During the S1 and S2 stages, aldehydes, ketones, and a small amount of alcohols were the main volatile flavor substances in the green plum samples. During the S3 stage, esters and alcohols were the most important volatile flavor components in the green plum pulp samples, followed by terpenes and ketones. YS had the most types and highest contents of volatile flavor substances in three stages, followed by GC and DZ. By using the PLS-DA method, this study revealed the differences in flavor of the different varieties of green plums at different maturity stages, and it identified eight common characteristic volatile flavor substances, such as ethyl acetate, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, and 2-propanone, produced by the different green plum samples during the ripening process, as well as the characteristic flavor substances of green plums at each maturity stage (S1-S3).

Split batch and coculture fermentation to regulate the organic acids and flavor profile of fruit wine-a case study of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc (greengage) wine

The higher acidity in fruits compared with grapes was one of the main obstacles to producing high-quality fruit wines. In the present research, the effect of the split batch fermentation pattern on the metabolites of greengage wines was investigated. This fermentation pattern included whole fruit immersion in the sucrose and coculturing Saccharomyces bayanus Y4 with Torulaspora delbrueckii Y7. These results showed that the contents of total acidity and dominant organic acids were significantly reduced among the batches. Aliphatic compounds were decreased with the batches, while aromatic compounds that contributed to flavor improvement were increased oppositely. The acetate esters, ketones, and terpenes contents were significantly increased in the first batch of coculture. In addition, acidic stress largely affected the kinetics characteristics of greengage wine on a pilot scale. Interestingly, the increment of total acidity was closely associated with the rate of total sugar consumption, which was affected by microbial activities. The acidity content was significantly declined and distinct flavour profiles were formed in split batch and coculture fermentation of greengage wines. It provides a new avenue to enhance the flavor and quality of fruit wines.

Changes in Proanthocyanidin Content during the Processing of Umeshu, a Spirit-Based Liqueur of Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) Fruit

Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et. Zucc.), also known as Ume, is used as a food item and a folk remedy in most east Asian countries, including Japan. Umeshu is a liqueur made from Ume and is one of the most popular products obtained from this fruit. The polyphenols (PPs) and proanthocyanidins (PAs) present in Umeshu and the residual fruit obtained post immersion were analyzed. We are the first to report the characteristics of the phenolic compounds obtained during the processing of Umeshu. The concentration of PA in Umeshu was approximately 16 μg/mL, and this concentration was significantly lower than the concentrations of PA present in other liqueurs. It is believed that most of the PAs contained in Umeshu leach out from the endocarp. The total amounts of extractable PAs decreased, and the total amounts of nonextractable PAs increased in Umeshu and the residual fruit during the processing stage.

Comparative Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genome and Phenotypic Characteristics of Japanese Apricot Accessions

Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) is among the most valued fruits and flowering plants in eastern Asia. However, few comparative studies have been conducted with respect to its agro-morphological and pomological traits, chloroplast (cp) genome sequences and plastid diversity. Therefore, a comparative study was, conducted to investigate the divergence and geographic distribution of ten Japanese apricot accessions from three Chinese provinces (Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Sichuan). Phenotypic characteristics of the evaluated accessions, such as leaf length, tip leaf length, flower diameter, anther number, fruit weight, longitudinal height, transversal height, lateral height, fruit stone weight, stone longitudinal height, stone transversal height, stone lateral heigh, titratable acid content and total soluble solids, varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the ten investigated accessions. On the other hand, most of the investigated accessions were statistically similar within the same province. Comparing the Cp genomes of P. mume accessions with those of the genus Prunus revealed a similarity in structure and composition with slight differences. “Bayes empirical Bayes” (BEB) analysis in Prunus species, including P. mume, revealed BEB in rps16, rps3, rpoC1(4*), rpl32, rpl16, rbcL, psbF, petB, ndhF, clpP and ccsA genes. The BEB value of the rpoC1 gene is higher than 0.95, indicating that it is potentially under positive selection. Interestingly, the accessions from the same province of origin had the same number of forward repeat sequences. Furthermore, all accessions from Zhejiang province had the same number of simple sequence repeats. Similarly, nucleotide deletion/insertion of the ycf1 sequence and the results of phylogenetic trees revealed that accessions were mainly clustered according to their province of origin. Our comparative study of agronomical traits, chloroplast composition, structure, nucleotide variability of cp genome and phylogeography in Japanese apricot accessions provides valuable information on their diversity and geographic distribution.

Plant Growth Inhibitory Activity and the Response of Different Rootstocks to Soil Sickness Syndrome in Japanese Pear Tree

Soil sickness syndrome in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai) affects the growth of the tree and decreases fruit yield. This study investigated the growth-inhibitory activity in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai) using the rhizosphere soil assay method to elucidate the characteristics of growth-inhibitory substances in Japanese pears. As a result, the root bark had the highest growth inhibitory activity during the growing season of the Japanese pear. For comparative analysis, the growth-inhibitory activities of Japanese apricots (Prunus mume Sieb. Et Zucc.) and figs (Ficus carica L.) were also investigated. Similar to the Japanese pear, the root bark of Japanese apricots and figs had a higher inhibition rate than the root pith. Like Japanese apricots and figs, it was inferred that the growth inhibitory substances accumulate in the bark of the Japanese pear. Furthermore, soil sickness syndrome in Japanese pear saplings did not occur when a fragment of Japanese pear shoots or thick roots was mixed with non-pear soil (soil with no history of Japanese pear cultivation). Based on these findings, it is considered that the condition of soil sickness in Japanese pear is caused by the accumulation of phenolic compounds such as arbutin, which is accumulated in the bark of the tree, secreted from the roots, and subsequently builds up in the soil. Additionally, the degree of occurrence of soil sickness syndrome depending on the rootstock was clarified. It was observed that the rate of growth inhibition was significantly higher in Pyrus betulifolia (Birchleaf pear) than in Pyrus pyrifolia (Japanese pear). Even when Japanese pear trees were planted in soils with no history of Japanese pear cultivation, the initial growth of P. betulifolia was 1.4 times that of P. pyrifolia. It is suggested that P. betulifolia is weak against soil sickness, but is excellent at initial growth itself. Our findings are important because P. pyrifolia is used for cultivation, in combination with other mitigation measures, such as soil dressing in replanted fields.

매실나무와 살구나무, 종간잡종의 구별을 위한 InDel 마커의 개발

Background: Prunus mume Sieb. et. Zucc. is an important medicinal resource, and its fruit is used as a health food worldwide. However, this plant is often confused with Prunus armeniaca var. ansu., a related but distinct deciduous species. To distinguish between these plants, we developed co-dominant insertion-deletion (InDel) markers.BRMethods and Results: DNA was extracted from P. mume and P. armeniaca leaves and subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. After assembly, 30 polymorphic loci were identified. Primers were designed for the polymorphic loci and used to genotype P. mume and P. armeniaca. Using two InDel markers developed from the polymorphic loci, we distinguished between P. mume and P. armeniaca, and also identified the genetic hybrids between P. mume and P. armeniaca.BRConclusions: The two markers developed in this study can be used to authenticate P. mume, P. armeniaca, and their hybrids.

Mutations in PmUFGT3 contribute to color variation of fruit skin in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.)

BackgroundJapanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) is popular for both ornamental and processing value, fruit color affects the processing quality, and red pigmentation is the most obvious phenotype associated with fruit color variation in Japanese apricot, mutations in structural genes in the anthocyanin pathway can disrupt the red pigmentation, while the formation mechanism of the red color trait in Japanese apricot is still unclear. ResultsOne SNP marker (PmuSNP_27) located within PmUFGT3 gene coding region was found highly polymorphic among 44 different fruit skin color cultivars and relative to anthocyanin biosynthesis in Japanese apricot. Meantime, critical mutations were identified in two alleles of PmUFGT3 in the green-skinned type is inactivated by seven nonsense mutations in the coding region, which leads to seven amino acid substitution, resulting in an inactive UFGT enzyme. Overexpression of the PmUFGT3 allele from red-skinned Japanese apricot in green-skinned fruit lines resulted in greater anthocyanin accumulation in fruit skin. Expression of same allele in an Arabidopsis T-DNA mutant deficient in anthocyanidin activity the accumulation of anthocyanins. In addition, using site-directed mutagenesis, we created a single-base substitution mutation (G to T) of PmUFGT3 isolated from green-skinned cultivar, which caused an E to D amino acid substitution and restored the function of the inactive allele of PmUFGT3 from a green-skinned individual.ConclusionThis study confirms the function of PmUFGT3, and provides insight into the mechanism underlying fruit color determination in Japanese apricot, and possible approaches towards genetic engineering of fruit color.

Influence of ripening stage and meteorological parameters on the accumulation pattern of polyphenols in greengages (Prunus mume Sieb. Et Zucc) by widely targeted metabolomic

Greengage is a Chinese traditional medicine food homology plant that contains abundant polyphenols. Greengages with different levels of maturity have different medicinal functions and applications. Therefore, this study comprehensively analysed the phenolic compounds in greengage of whole mature stage. Notably, the influence of climate conditions on greengage polyphenol synthesis was deeply explored. The polyphenols of greengages were profiled based on the widely targeted metabolomic technology using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTRAP–MS/MS). A total of 214 polyphenols were detected, covering 11 subclasses. During the ripening of greengages, these polyphenols first increased and then decreased, peaking during the swell stage. Multivariate statistical methods, including redundancy analysis (RDA), random forest analysis, Mantel test, and Spearman's correlation indicated that temperature, sunshine hours, humidity, and radiation were important factors driving the formation and changes in the polyphenols of greengages. In particular, flavanones and flavonols, showed a structure-dependent response to temperature and radiation.

Combined effects of sunlight and tempering treatment on the oligomeric procyanidin formation in dried ume (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.)

In this study, the combined effect of sunlight irradiation and tempering treatment on the promotion of oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs) formation in the dried ume (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) was investigated and firstly reported. Water content, water activity, and chemical structure of the OPCs were analyzed during the drying process. Two nights of tempering treatment reduced the water content and water activity significantly. Two major OPCs, procyanidin B2 and procyanidin C1 were characterized in sun-dried ume and the (–)-epicatechin model by both the positive and negative ionization modes using an electrospray ionization source (ESI). The concentration of procyanidin B2 and procyanidin C1 increased by 1.76 and 1.24 folds, respectively in the intermittently sun-dried ume. The developed photocatalytic closed-type dryer was used in this experiment confirmed successfully that tempering treatment enhanced the moisture redistribution and precursor accumulation leading to the subsequent photooxidation of (–)-epicatechin for OPCs. To minimize the drawback of outer drying under climatic change this is a possible protocol design with effective drying technology to improve the quality and mass production of the functional umes.

Effects of Damaged Levels and Pruning of Peach and Japanese Apricot Trees by Hailstorms on the Performance

Defoliation (DF) on peach (Prunus persica L.) and Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) trees caused by a hailstorm in 2017, year 1, was investigated for its effects on growth and fruit yield in South Korea over four years, comparing with recovery effects of the DF trees treated with repeated immediate pruning (IP) right after the storm. Treatments included 0–10, 10–40, 40–70, and 70–100% of DF trees, with 0–10, 10–40, 40–70, and 70–100% of DF + IP trees. The hailstorms increased the damages to shoots for peaches and to shoots and scaffold for Japanese apricot trees in year 1, with fruit yield reduced more than 80% observed on 10–100 DF of both fruit species. The IP treatment increased the number of new shoots in years 2–4 but reduced shoot length and diameter of peach and Japanese apricot trees. Tree canopy in years 2–4 was reduced on 40–100 DF of peach trees and on 70–100 of DF and DF + IP of Japanese apricot trees. The 40–100 DF Japanese apricot trees resulted in a fruit yield index of less than 90% for years 2–4, which was observed on 40–100 DF+IP trees only in year 2 due to balanced tree vegetative and reproductive growth.

Optimization of spray drying process parameters for production of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) juice powder.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00950-8.