Proxy For Financial Performance Research Articles

PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, KINERJA KEUANGAN, PERTUMBUHAN DAN UKURAN BANK TERHADAP NILAI BANK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)

This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence of capital structure, financial performance, growth, and bank size on the value of Islamic banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) using the observation period from 2014 - 2019. Data collection methods using a purposive sampling method using quarterly financial statement data so that the number of observations amounted to 29 observations. The test results show that the ratio of capital structure (DER) and financial performance (ROA) as a proxy for financial performance affect the value of Islamic banks while the growth and size of the company does not affect the value of Islamic banks.

Capital Structure and Dividend Payout of Quoted Agriculture Firms in Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Financial Performance

Despite the previous effort to analyze the capital structure and dividend payout interface with mixed results, it appears the moderating effect of financial performance on the nexus was yet to be empirically examined. This study examined the moderating effect of financial performance on the relationship between the capital structure and dividend payout ratio of quoted agriculture firms in Nigeria. Debt-equity ratio and debt-assets ratio were the proxies of capital structure, while dividend payout ratio measured dividend payout. Return on asset was the proxy for financial performance. Adopting an ex-post facto research design, the panel data sourced from the annual published accounts of the firms were subjected to multiple regression analysis using STATA 13. The results showed that the debt-equity ratio has a negative and significant effect on the dividend payout ratio of quoted agriculture firms in Nigeria. The debt-assets ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on the dividend payout ratio of agriculture firms in Nigeria. Return on assets has a positive and significant effect on the dividend payout ratio of quoted agriculture firms in Nigeria. Furthermore, return on assets has a negative and significant moderating effect on the relationship between debt-equity ratio and dividend payout ratio, while return on assets also has a negative and insignificant moderating effect on the relationship between debt-assets ratio and dividend payout ratio of quoted agriculture firms in Nigeria. The firms should use debt-financed assets more productively to generate an optimum return on assets to reverse the negative effect of the debt-equity ratio on the dividend payout ratio if they are to consistently pay competitive dividends and attract investment.

Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan, Asimetri Informasi, dan Manajemen Laba terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2020-2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial performance proxy Debt to Equity Ratio, information asymmetry, and earnings management on stock prices in banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. The method used in this study is an explanatory method with a quantitative approach. While for the sampling technique itself using purposive sampling with a selected sample of 34 companies. For research analysis, namely using descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that financial performance with the Debt to Equity Ratio proxy does not have a significant partial effect on stock prices, information asymmetry has a negative and significant partial effect on stock prices, earnings management does not have a significant partial effect on stock prices, and financial performance, information asymmetry, and earnings management do not significantly affect stock prices simultaneously.

Risk Management Practices and the Performance of Indonesian and Malaysian Islamic Banks: Does Digitalization Mediate This Nexus?

ABSTRACTDespite being exceptionally regulated financial institutions, risk management practices (RMPs) of Islamic banking (IBs) have always remained under the limelight due to their impact on financial performance (FP) and the influence of digitalization (DT). This study aims to investigate the impact of RMPs on FP through the mediating effect of DT. To analyze the linkage between these constructs, we created an index for RMPs, five unique proxies (mobile [MB_DEA], big data [BD_DEA], Internet of Things [IoT], cloud computing [CC_DEA], and social media [SM_DEA]) of DT, and Tobin's Q as a proxy of FP and operationalized the theory of contingency. The data between 2009 and 2020 was collected from Indonesian and Malaysian IBs and was analyzed using the two‐step generalized method of moments (GMMs) technique. The empirical findings represent that RMPs and DT have a significant positive effect on FP. Simultaneously, RMPs have a significant positive effect on two proxies of DT (MB_DEA and SM_DEA), and an insignificant positive effect on the remaining three proxies of DT (BD_DEA, IoT_DEA, and CC_DEA). Simultaneously, DT as a mediator plays a significant role between RMPs and FP. This study contributes to systematizing the RMPs of IBs by integrating digitalization which eventually will increase the financial portfolios of IBs.

Credit Risk Management and Financial Performance of Listed Commercial Banks in Kenya

Commercial banks are concerned with the provision of credit facilities in form of loans and advances to customers. These loans and advances are expected to be repaid by customers in line with the agreement reached with their bankers. Customers’ default in the repayment of loans and advances at the agreed period may lead to bad and doubtful debts and this can affect the financial health, profitability and going concern status of the bank. This study empirically explored the effect of credit risk management on the financial performance of nine listed commercial banks in Kenya for the period, 2018-2022. Credit risk management as the independent variable, was surrogated by two parameters- loans to deposit ratio and Non-performing Loans ratio. Return on Assets was used as a proxy for financial performance of the listed commercial banks in Kenya. The study utilized the information asymmetry theory and the theory of moral hazard and adverse selection. A correlational research design, using secondary data derived from listed commercial banks’ annual audited reports and information from Nairobi Securities Exchange was used in this study. The target population of the study was the nine listed commercial banks in Kenya. A pilot study was carried by performing the normality and multi-collinearity tests from the sample data collected for purposes of assessing the reliability and validity of the model. A census method was adopted in data collection since the target population was manageable. Collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 28 where both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to describe and depict the results (Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation, Regression and Analysis of variances). The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant regression effect and indicative of accomplished prediction of financial performance of the listed commercial banks through the F-calculated value which showed that the model was significant. Loan to deposit ratio explained .4% (r =.280) of financial performance of listed commercial banks in Kenya and non-performing loans ratio -36.5% (r=-.681) of financial performance of the listed commercial banks in Kenya. The study will be expected to add to the existing literature in the finance field and more importantly, the credit risk management in commercial banks and other related sectors. The study recommended that; management balance the ratio of financing between equity, debt and customer deposits to extend lending capacity, and generate high earnings volume; desist from holding capital without investing for improved financial achievement; management should maintain a moderate level of Loans and advances to deposit ratio since it is a measure of the banks’ ability to survive withdrawals, because higher rates lead to liquidity problems; give credit-risk management prominence in their strategic policies and finally, due to the continuous deterioration and accumulation of the nonperforming loans, management ought to strengthen loan recovery measures. Keywords: Credit Risk Management, Financial Performance, Listed Banks, Equity Multiplier Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Nonperforming Loans

Sustainable accounting quality and its impact on financial success aligned with SDGs

Purpose Financial and nonfinancial disclosures (sustainable accounting) are crucial in the annual financial reports of many firms. This study aims to explore the dynamic relationship between sustainability disclosure quality (SDQ) and financial performance (FP) within mandatory disclosure frameworks. SDQ is evaluated across six dimensions, encompassing both the quality and quantity of disclosures, aiming to understand their reciprocal influence. Design/methodology/approach Using the generalized method of moments (GMM), this research analyzes data from 2013 to 2019, focusing on 99 listed Indian firms within the S&P Bombay stock exchange (BSE) 500 index. The study uses rigorous measurement criteria to assess SDQ and uses statistical methods to unveil the causal link between SDQ and FP. Findings The results show a positive causal connection between SDQ and FP, where organizations with good FP make relatively higher disclosures across FP proxies than their counterparts. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of research and development (R&D) expenditure and dividend payments (DIVD) on SDQ. Notably, lower R&D spending is associated with higher quality SDs, and companies with superior SDQ exhibit increased DIVD. Practical implications The findings advocate for strengthened regulatory compliance, incentivized sustainable practices and heightened reporting standards for a transparent business environment and achieving the relevant United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Originality/value This research contributes original insights by uncovering the intricate relationship between SDQ and FP, shedding light on the impact of R&D expenditure and DIVD on SDQ. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the interplay between FP and sustainability reporting within the context of mandatory disclosure frameworks.

Relationship of Environmental Disclosure of Renewable Energy, Carbon Emissions, Waste Management, Water Consumption, and Banks’ Financial Performance

In recent years, sustainable banking principles have been employed in the daily operations of deposit money banks in Nigeria. This study examines the relationship between environmental sustainability and the financial performance of 14 deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group. It focuses on the impact of environmental disclosure of renewable energy, carbon emissions, waste management, and water consumption (i.e. proxies for environment sustainability) on the bank’s return on assets (ROA i.e. proxy for financial performance). The research spans an 8-year period from 2013 to 2021, using panel data and multiple regression analysis to analyze the data. The data is collected from the annual reports of the deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group. The research design is ex-post facto, utilizing secondary data collection methods. The findings suggest that there is a positive but insignificant association between environmental sustainability indicators (renewable energy, carbon emissions, waste management, and water consumption) and financial performance (ROA). In conclusion, the study finds no significant relationship between and financial performance (ROA).

Perbedaan Nilai Pasar Dan Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Pada Saat Sebelum Dan Sesudah Covid 19

This research aims to analyze differences in market value and financial performance before and after covid 19, as well as their impact on stock returns. The research applies the associative method. the sample was determined using a saturated sampling method. research data uses secondary data in the form of financial reports. The data is presented in the form of financial reports and annual reports for banks that use basel III and IV between 2015 and 2022, sourced from the idx.co.id website. as independent variables, financial difficulties, credit risk, market risk, and capital adequacy ratio serve as proxies for financial performance. stock returns function as the dependent variable. multiple linear regression and paired sample t test were used to test the data. this research found that it was proven that there were differences in capital adequacy ratios and financial distress before and after covid 19, but the market performance of credit risk, market risk and stock returns was proven to be no different before and after covid 19. the research results also found: (1) the capital adequacy ratio has an impact on stock returns; (2) credit risk has no impact on stock returns; (3) market risk has an impact on stock returns; and (4) financial distress indicators have an impact on stock returns at banks included in book 3 banks and book 4 banks that implement basel in indonesia. Keywords: Capital Adequacy Ratio, Credit Risk, Market Risk, Financial Distress, Stock Returns, Basel Jel Classification: G21

Sustainability Reporting and Financial Performance of Listed Consumer and Industrial Goods Companies in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis

The study compares Sustainability Reporting (SR) and Financial Performance of listed Consumer and Industrial Goods Companies. Financial reports from 14 Consumer and 8 Industrial Goods Companies from 2012-2021 were used. Descriptive and Two-step System GMM were used for analysis. The study found that Consumer Goods Companies are more Socially transparent than Industrial Goods Companies. Consumer Goods Companies disclose less environmental information than Industrial Goods Companies. Both sectors exhibit transparency in reporting economic sustainability information. Importantly, the study found no significant SR effect on these Industries' Financial Performance proxies of ROE and EVA. To help firms in both industries generate consistent and comparable SR disclosures by giving explicit content and presentation guidance, Nigerian Exchange Limited should adopt industry-specific SR guidelines. Also, Sustainability activities should be linked to company strategy, as alignment boosts performance by boosting operational efficiency, risk reduction, and market expansion.

Intellectual Capitals on Banking Financial Performance: Evidence from Indonesia

Intellectual Capital as a tool to measure intangible assets become popular recently especially when technology and knowledge started to work together. The study examines the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance Listed on Indonesian stock exchange from year 2015 to 2020. The study used value added intellectual capital (VAIC) methods for measuring intellectual capital and by running the regression to analyze the relation between financial performance and intellectual capital. The results indicate that intellectual capital contributes to ROA, ROE, and Tobin’s-q as proxy for financial performance. The Study further extends the understanding of the functions of intellectual capital to build good financial performance for a company.

Corporate Risk Management Disclosures and Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

The relationship between corporate risk management disclosures and the financial performance of Nigerian listed deposit money banks was empirically examined in this study. The study is important because it shows how much corporate risk management disclosures affect the performance of banks. Corporate risk management disclosures (CRMDs) and financial performance were found to be correlated through the use of CRMD key proxy variables in the study. These variables included Financial Risk Management Disclosure (FRMD), Strategic Risk Management Disclosure (SRMD), Operational Risk Management Disclosure (ORMD), and Technological Risk Management Disclosure (TRMD). Return on equity (ROE) was used as a proxy for financial performance. The study was guided by four hypotheses, and the panel least squares regression model was utilized to perform a statistical test of the parameter estimates. Ex Post Facto design was employed in the study's analysis. The Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) Factbook, published annual financial reports, and accounts of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria from 2015 to 2022 provided the secondary data for the study. Overall, the results showed a positive and significant relationship between the financial performance of listed deposit money banks and the Financial Risk Management Disclosure (FRMD), Strategic Risk Management Disclosure (SRMD), Operational Risk Management Disclosure (ORMD), and Technological Risk Management Disclosure (TRMD) have a positive and significant relationship with the financial performance of Nigerian listed deposit money bank sat 1–5% significant level of. The study comes to the conclusion that corporate risk management disclosures protect Nigerian banks' bottom lines. Since corporate risk management affects banks' performance in Nigeria, the study recommended that banks reveal more information about financial risk management, strategic risk management, operational risk management, and technological risk management in their annual reports for the consumption of financial statement users.

A Decade of Research on Intellectual Capital in Indonesia: Systematic Literature Review

The present study aims to scrutinize empirical evidence related to the study of intellectual capital in Indonesia. The study conducts an analysis of 60 articles from Scopus-indexed and SINTA-indexed journals over the observational period spanning from 2012 to 2023. The methodology employed in this study is the charting field method. Notably, the findings reveal that financial performance serves as the predominant metric in the exploration of intellectual capital in Indonesia over the course of a decade. Nevertheless, our mapping results unveil a critical gap in the research landscape, specifically, the inconsistency in the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance proxies such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Price-to-Book Value (PBV), and Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER). It is our aspiration that future research concerning the subject of intellectual capital will extend their scope to non-financial performance dimensions and incorporate qualitative data analysis, surveys, interviews, or the incorporation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indicators within the context of intellectual capital exploration in Indonesia.

Environmental Reporting and Financial Performance of Listed Industrial and Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria

This study examines the effect of environmental reporting on financial performance of listed Nigerian industrial and consumer goods firms for the period of ten (10) years from 2012 to 2021. The population of the study comprises forty-two (42) listed industrial and consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Eleven (11) firms were selected as the study sample size, which comprises 5 industrial goods and 6 consumer goods firms. The remaining 31 firms were filtered out, because they did not report their environmental disclosure throughout the period of this study and some were delisted. Return on Asset (ROA) is considered as proxy of financial performance. Secondary data were used and extracted from the firm’s annual reports using environmental reporting Index (ISO 14031) content analysis, provided at appendix A1. In relation to financial performance the data was also collected from the firm’s annual reports. The study analyses were conducted using STATA 13 statistical software. The regression result revealed that environmental information has significant positive effect on return on asset (ROA); employee health and safety have negative significant effect on ROA; product safety has negative significant effect on ROA. Based on these findings, this study therefore, concludes that environmental reporting influence financial performance of listed industrial and consumer goods firms in Nigeria. This study therefore, recommends among others that, listed Nigerian industrial and consumer goods firms should emphasize more on reporting their environmental issues as it is capable of improving their financial performance.

Impact of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance of Listed Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria

This paper examines the impact of intellectual capital on financial performance of listed firms in Nigeria. To achieve this objective; quantitative research design was employed. Data were generated from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled listed oil and gas companies from 2016-2020. The period is chosen and believes to be adequate in providing insight on the inflationary trends which the industry experienced. Similarly, the period of five years selected is in line with the studies of Muhammad and Rashid, 2015 as well as Iyande, 2018. Intellectual Capital as independent variable was measured by its components (HCE, SCE and CEE) while financial performance being the dependent variable was measured by NPM and ROE. Regression technique was used as tools of data analysis and the findings establish that the independent variables (HCE, SCE and CEE) have significant positive impact on the oil and gas companies’ Financial Performance proxies by NPM and ROE. The regression results show R-square of 86.1% and 59.4% for NPM and ROE models respectively. This implies that the model is fit and the explanatory variables are properly selected and account for the substantial value of the corporate profitability. Hence, the paper recommends that listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria should improve their efforts to boost the value of their intellectual capital for its crucial impact on NPM and ROE. This can be achieved through maximization of market value created, intellectual capital return and more investment in intellectual capital components, particularly human, structural and relational/customer capital.

GCC Banking Companies Risk Management Practices and its Impact on Their Financial Performance

This article aims to explore the risk management practices (RMPs) of Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). It assesses the different phases of RMP, including risk understanding; risk identification; risk assessment and analysis; and risk monitoring. This study conducts a structured survey questionnaire to assess the RMP in both types of banks. We find that both types of banks rank the importance of RMP above the mid-point of the 5-point Likert scale. Using t-test analysis, we find no significant difference in RMP between both types of banks, except for understanding risk practice phase. Managers of CBs have a better understanding of risk management (RM) than IBs. We also examine the impact of RMP on banks’ financial performance. The average return on Assets (ROA) and the average return on equity (ROE) over the years (2010–2017) are used as a proxy for financial performance. Applying robust White regression OLS, we find a significant impact on financial performance measures only for IBs. We refer to the fact that IBs follow the equity approach based on risk-sharing with their clients (depositors and investors). The regulatory authorities may find this study useful in enticing banks to implement the best RMP and so improve banks’ performance.

AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARACTERISTICS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN CAMEROON

This study examines audit committee characteristics and financial performance of manufacturing companies in Cameroon. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The population consisted of the 133 manufacturing companies in Cameroon. A sample of 20 companies was used and data collected from secondary sources within the period 2013 to 2022. The data were analysed with the aid of a panel regression analysis. The results showed that audit committee size, expertise, and independence all positively affect financial performance proxy by return on assets, net profit margin and Tobins Q. the study recommends that manufacturing companies should make an effort to add an audit committee that is more educationally diverse and inclusive. This opens up the possibility of doing more risk assessments because audit committee members who are also knowledgeable in accounting have established precedents for better risk assessment and asset management for improved operational performance. Manufacturing firms should strictly abide by the corporate governance guidelines promoted regarding the number of audit committee members, as it has been demonstrated that the more members, the more effective resources in terms of independence and expertise to facilitate an effective audit function disposition for efficient business decisions that will favorably affect financial performance. In maintaining the required number of audit members, manufacturing businesses should always include an equal number of shareholders and managements representatives. This will lead to the formation of an unbiased audit committee that is fair and free from outside interference.

Relationship between Environmental Costs and Financial Performance of Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria

This study explored the relationship between environmental costs and financial performance of oil and gas firms in Nigeria for the period 2010 – 2019. The dependent variable and proxies for financial performance were return on assets, return on equity and earnings per share while environment al costs is the independent variable of the study and was measured by corporate social responsibility expenses. A sample of 5 firms was selected from the 11 oil and gas firms listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange for the period of study. Secondary data were sourced from the annual reports and accounts of the selected firms and analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation analysis. Findings from the analysis indicate that the relationship between corporate social responsibility expenses and return on a ssets was negatively weak and insignificant. It was also found that corporate social responsibility expenses of oil and gas firms has weak positive and insignificant associations with return on equity and earnings per share. In view of the findings of the study, we recommend that firm managers should avoid incessant investment in assets and invest only on those assets that will enable them achieve cardinal corporate objective of profit and wealth maximization for the firm owner. It was also recommended that firm managers should use more of equity financing in their capital structure. This will increase return on equity thereby boasting the firms’ corporate social responsibility performance. It was further recommended that the firm should repurchase some of its share floating around the Stock Exchange Market in order to increase the firms’ earnings per share and thus enhance corporate social responsibility performance of the firms.

Corporate Sustainability Practices and the Financial Performance of Listed Financial Companies in Nigeria

The study examined the effect of sustainability disclosure on the financial performance of listed companies in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the effect of social, environmental, governance and ESG disclosure indexes (proxies of sustainability disclosure) on ROA, ROE, EVA and Tobin’s Q (proxies of financial performance). Ex-post facto and longitudinal research designs were used. The population consists of 49 financial companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group database as of May 29, 2022, with a sample size of 36 selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from annual reports, websites of sampled companies, and NGX database based on GRI and ESG sustainability disclosures guidelines. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (pooled OLS regression, fixed and random effects model). The study revealed that sustainability disclosure has significant effect on return on asset, economic value added, return on equity and Tobin’s Q of listed companies in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that all listed financial companies in Nigeria should be mandated to comply with the sustainability reporting guidelines in order to enhance financial performance, environmental, social and governance wellbeing of stakeholders.

Corporate Sustainability and Financial Performance: The Moderating Effect of CEO Characteristics

This study aimed to investigate the effect of corporate sustainability on financial performance as well as examine whether CEO characteristics influence the association between corporate sustainability and the financial performance of listed firms in the Saudi Stock Exchange. In this vein, this study is the first to utilize multiple CEO characteristics as a moderating role influencing the association between corporate sustainability and financial performance. In addition, the study focuses on the developing country of Saudi Arabia, which is one of the top oil producers in the world and is targeting to invest billions of dollars in renewable and sustainable energy projects according to Saudi Vision 2030. We primarily focused on ESG activities (environmental, social, and governance) and their impact on the return on assets and return on equity (employed as a proxy of financial performance). This study used the ordinary least squares (OLS) model to examine these associations as well as the system GMM to test for endogeneity problems. Using a sample of 1143 observations to represent the non-financial firms listed on the Tadawul All Share Index (TASI) for 9 years from 2014 to 2022, we found a negative and significant relationship between the activities of corporate sustainability and financial performance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CEO characteristics (CEO busyness, CEO ownership, CEO education, CEO gender, and CEO tenure) exerted influence on the association between corporate sustainability and financial performance; that is, CEO busyness, CEO ownership, and CEO gender mitigated the negative influence of corporate sustainability on financial performance, whereas CEO education and CEO tenure made it worse. The results of this study have implications for regulators, firms, and stakeholders.

Pengaruh Environmental, Social, dan Governance terhadap Profitabilitas pada Perusahaan terdaftar di BEI 2021

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global action plan approved by world leaders, including Indonesia. In an effort to support the implementation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices, particularly in Indonesia, the Indonesia Stock Exchange has launched a new index called IDX ESG Leaders. This index comprises 30 companies that have good ESG assessments and standards. However, despite being intended as a guide for investors, the index has not shown satisfactory performance. Based on this phenomenon, the author decided to choose the topic of the impact of ESG performance on the financial performance of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021. The underlying theories for this research include agency theory, legitimacy theory, and stakeholder theory. The concepts used include profitability, measured using return on assets as a proxy for financial performance, and ESG performance measured through Refinitive ESG Score. The research objects include all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021. Sampling was done using non-probability sampling techniques and purposive sampling methods. The analysis method used includes descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, determination coefficients, F-tests, and t-tests for multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS 25. Based on the t-test results, it was found that environmental performance has a positive and significant impact on profitability, while social and governance performance does not have a significant influence on profitability. The results of this research are expected to encourage companies in Indonesia to pay attention to and implement the values found in ESG.