Provincial Cities Research Articles

Current Status and Challenges of Interprofessional Work to Promote Independence in Excretion among Older People Requiring Care and Living in Provincial Cities;

Current Status and Challenges of Interprofessional Work to Promote Independence in Excretion among Older People Requiring Care and Living in Provincial Cities;

Государственная регламентация деятельности публичных библиотек в России в первой половине XIX в.

The article reveals the content of state regulation of the activities of public libraries in Russia in the first half of the 19th century. It is shown that the government showed interest in involving the public in the development of the cultural life of urban centers, and therefore created relatively comfortable legal conditions and an organizational environment for the work of public libraries. In the 1830, the authorities tried, using bureaucratic methods, to introduce a public initiative to create public libraries in provincial cities. In response to the proposal of the head of the Free Economic Society P. S. Mordvinova, the Minister of Internal Affairs attracted the heads of regions — governors — to create a kind of library partnership. Local authorities, for their part, had to guarantee legal status to provincial libraries, provide them with organizational assistance, and representatives of the public, for their part, had to accept funding and carry out ongoing library work. The government established a licensing procedure for opening public libraries, which received legal status and the ability to independently stock book depositories. In an effort to prevent public libraries from becoming centers of anti-government propaganda, the authorities exercised administrative and police supervision over them. The results of the implementation of the ministerial project turned out to be modest: instead of the planned fifty-two, only twenty-nine public libraries were opened, most of which ceased to exist within 10–15 years. However, the general principles of state regulation of the activities of provincial libraries were extended to all other public libraries in Russia. In the middle of the 19th century, a library boom began in the country, which was caused by numerous public initiatives from below.

ВЗГЛЯДЫ РУССКИХ НАЦИОНАЛИСТОВ ПЕРМСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ В ПЕРИОД ВЫБОРОВ В IVГОСУДАРСТВЕННУЮ ДУМУ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ГАЗЕТЫ «ПЕРМСКИЙ ВЕСТНИК»)

The All-Russian National Union, which combined both conservative and liberal features, remains one of the least studied parties that had a broad representation in the State Duma of the Russian Empire. In 1912, when the elections to the State Duma of the 4th convocation were held, the peak of activity of nationalists took place, which manifested itself in the opening of a number of their representative offices in provincial cities. Perm was no exception; however, practically nothing is known about the activities of the Perm National Society, founded in 1912. The only source that sheds light on the ideological attitudes of the Russian nationalists of the Perm province is the Permsky Vestnik newspaper, an election propaganda publication which existed from June to November 1912. The study of the newspaper publications of the Vestnik helps to determine the political affiliation of the Perm National Society and explains their clear success in the elections to the 4th State Duma, to which Perm nationalists immediately delegated 6 deputies out of 9. The members of the Perm National Society included prominent Perm public figures, officials, engineers, representatives of the church, such as V.A. Loschilov, Z.M. Blagonravov, A.A. Voskresensky, A.V. Zverev, I.N. Temnikov, A.N. Kuznetsov, and P.A. Ryabinin. An appeal to the Permskiy vestnik allows one to get an idea both about the views of a part of the Perm conservative camp, and about the methods of electoral struggle used during the period.

“This is the Unique Capital of the Middle Ages... That Has Survived to Our Time in Comparative Integrity”: Historical Images of Prague Through the Eyes of Russian Émigrés in the 1920s and 1930s

In the interwar period of 1920—1930s Prague was a recognized intellectual center of the Russia Abroad. The article analyzes the place occupied by the images of Prague and its historical heritage in the minds of Russian émigrés, how they constructed this images, how it was reflected in memoirs, letters, diaries, periodicals, scientific literature and fiction. The space of Prague was a special cultural text, formed at the intersection of various ethnic, religious and linguistic boundaries. For Russians, it was not just an urban space, but an active participant and witness to the historical process. In this regard, according to émigrés, few European cities could compare with it. The Prague urban space was perceived by Russians as the center of cultural symbols, among which a special place was given to famous architectural monuments — Charles Bridge, Prague Castle and the Church of St. Vitus, medieval streets of Malá Strana, etc. A special place is given to the analysis of the image of the Charles Bridge, which took on various guises. The bridge became an active figure, a practically protagonist of both artistic and scientific reflections. The article analyzes the influence of Prague images on the work of Russian émigrés such as Marina Tsvetaeva, Gleb Struve, Igor Severyanin, Valentin Bulgakov, Antony Florovsky, Sergey Pushkarev, etc. At the same time, it is concluded that, despite the historical charm of Prague recognized by the majority of Russians, a considerable number of émigrés perceived it as a provincial city, inferior to Moscow and St. Petersburg. It is shown that in the émigré intellectual culture there was a contradictory perception of Prague. At the same time, they wrote about it both about the center of the Slavic world, with deep historical roots, and about the cultural province of Europe. Therefore, the image of Prague was complex and contradictory. There is no doubt that the historical images of the Czech capital left a noticeable mark on the intellectual culture of the Russian emigration.

Usage Patterns, Exercise Motives, and Perceived Benefits and Limitations of Outdoor Gyms: A Case from a Provincial City in South Poland

Installing outdoor gyms (OGs) has become popular in many countries worldwide. To date, data about the perceptions and behaviours of its users are still being determined. Therefore, this study aimed to determine who and how uses the facilities and how their users perceive them. The sample comprised 1,036 exercisers aged 44.1±16.1 years. For over 85% of users, OGs are the facilities where they follow their planned exercise programme, with 56.2% declaring exercising solely there. The main perceived advantages of OGs are free-toaccess (42.6%) and outdoor location (40.4%), while disadvantages are dependence on the season (57.2%) and the technical condition of devices (24.9%). The predominant motive for using OGs is to maintain and improve their health (38.6%) and stay fit (27.9%). OGs are an essential alternative to indoor gyms in situations of limited availability under pandemic conditions. For many people, they are even the only place to exercise.

Supply process and levels of schoolchild care facilities on a basis of elementary school district in provincial cities: Case studies on Ube and Matsue Cities

AbstractThis study aims to clarify the supply process in the status of each elementary school district with schoolchild care facilities, in the Ube and Matsue Cities. Since the latter half of the 1970s, Ube city has been advancing the facility supply, and Matsue city has been doing so since the early 1990s, reaching a facility establishment rate of 200% per elementary school district by around 2010. The facilities of the two cities satisfy the criteria for the number of people and area as a city‐wide average; however, the improvement of some overcrowded facilities is an issue.

Characterizing X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism Using Clustering Techniques in Data Science

X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative rapidly progressive movement disorder seen almost exclusively among male patients of Filipino descent with traces of ancestry to Panay Island in the Philippines. The prevalence of XDP is only 0.31/100,000 for the entire Philippines but it is 23.66/100,000 in Capiz Province in Panay. Using a retrospectively obtained data from a previous study collected from all the 16 towns and 1 city of Capiz province in the island of Panay in the Philippines, the XDP dataset showed superior clustering tendency. Two clustering approaches commonly used in data science namely Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) and K-modes were applied to the XDP dataset. Both clustering approaches obtained good internal and external validation. Likewise, both clustering techniques generated good performance metrics. Overall, K-modes performed better than PAM with an 81% accuracy, 78% recall (sensitivity), 82% specificity, 68% precision, 72% F1-score and 0.58 Matthews Correlation Coefficient. Both PAM and K-modes were able to highlight the differences between the clusters. Thus, the resulting clusters can be useful as screening tools to differentiate those with and without XDP. Feature importance of the attributes was also performed with feet shuffling generating the highest discriminative power in distinguishing patients with and without XDP. The collaboration of data scientists with neurology experts in movement disorders is a step forward to the deployment and acceptability of machine learning tools in clinical practice in neurology.

The Effect of Descending Resources Reform on Reallocating Healthcare Resources: An Analysis Based on the Difference-in-Differences Method.

Since 2010, China has been exploring descending resources reform in order to correct the imbalanced allocation of healthcare resources and promote coordinated economic development among regions. This paper for the first time estimates the impact this reform has had on the reallocation of healthcare resources by using prefecture-level cities panel data from Zhejiang Province, China, which implemented the reform province-wide in 2013. The time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) method was used to estimate the reform's policy effects. The data used in this paper is from published statistical yearbooks and local governments, which include panel data from 11 prefecture-level and higher cities in Zhejiang Province as the treated group and 46 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu, Henan, and Sichuan Province as the control group. The entropy weight method was used to construct the supply index and demand index to incorporate multiple inputs and outputs, and efficiency indicators were constructed using the ratio method. This research found that the reform has had a positive effect on outpatient visits in different prefecture-level cities with vast rural areas. However, this reform exerted no significant impact on inpatient services or supply-side or resource allocation efficiency. Several robust tests support the above conclusions, and one theoretical explanation is provided. The descending health resources reform can be a valuable reform path in promoting more balanced healthcare resource allocation; however, the resultant disparities in its effects should be considered when implementing it.

Relationships between spiritual health and perceived stress with breastfeeding adequacy in mothers with infants aged 1-6 months.

Previous studies have shown that psycho-spiritual state of mothers may have significant effects on their breastfeeding. The most common cause of nonexclusive breastfeeding is inadequate breastfeeding; therefore, this study examined the relationship between spiritual health and perceived stress with breastfeeding adequacy in mothers with infants aged 1-6 months. This cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was performed on 186 mothers with infants aged 1-6 months, who referred to the health centers in Dorud city of Lorestan province, Iran, in 2021, which were selected based on cluster sampling. Data were collected through four questionnaires including demographic-fertility, spiritual health, perceived stress, and breastfeeding adequacy. Data was analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22 using descriptive and analytical statistics. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values of spiritual health, perceived stress, and breastfeeding adequacy were 99.59 ± 12.96, 23.8 ± 72.19, and 55.67 ± 7.67, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between spiritual health and breastfeeding adequacy (P < 0.001, r = 0.268). In addition, there was a significant negative relationship between perceived stress and breastfeeding adequacy (P = 0.002, r = -0.231). Breastfeeding adequacy has a significant positive relationship with spiritual health and a significant negative relationship with perceived stress. Since infants are one of the most vulnerable groups and breastfeeding is the best way to support their health and reduce infant mortality rates, breastfeeding adequacy can be improved by reducing stress and promoting spiritual health.

Подготовка учебно-методических материалов краеведческой направленности для общеобразовательных организаций студентами педагогических специальностей

The research is devoted to the issue of developing educational and methodological materials on History and Local studies by students of pedagogical specialties. Today, teachers face a difficult task related to improving the effectiveness of teaching History and Local studies in primary school. To organize teaching with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, teachers need to use new universal methods and technologies. In this matter, teaching materials prepared by students – future history teachers – will be an excellent assistance for teachers. The project activity of students of pedagogical specialties 44.03.05 Pedagogical education (with two training profiles) (profiles «History and culture of confessions», «History and social studies») is analyzed. Considered various educational and methodological materials in local history for educational organizations created by students at project activities are: lesson-game, lesson-excursion, reproduction of archival graphic materials, interactive video tour. The main attention is paid to the workbook on local history, which will allow integrating the local history module into the academic subject «History». The concluded analyzed role of the workbook in the educational process is that the workbook is one of the leading tools that allow independent study of the subject and control of students' knowledge at all stages of learning, which provides an opportunity for the teacher to eliminate gaps in knowledge in time. Designed its own methodological development on the history of the cities of Tambov province in the 19th century, which is a workbook with assignments for students, with which you can study not only historical urbanism, Tambov local history, but also the history of Russia.

Short-term and long-term effects of Sanming healthcare system reform on drug-related expenditures for rural patients with cancer in public hospitals: an interrupted time series analysis using segmented regression model in China

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of ‘Sanming model’ on drug-related expenditures.DesignInterrupted time series analysis with two time points was conducted to analyse the effects of ‘Sanming model’ using segmented regression model.SettingTwo...

A perspective of authenticity degree on the protection of traditional dwellings in ethnic community: The case of the Ma house in Songzhou ancient city

As a provincial level historic city, Songpan County in Sichuan Province has a history of more than two thousand years. Locating in the border of three provinces, Songpan was inhabited by multiple ethnic groups. The leading culture here has experienced the baptism and influence of various ethnic cultures such as the Diqiang culture, Mongolian culture, and Tubo culture, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that the harmonious scene of the coexistence of various ethnic cultures began to be dominated by the Central Plains culture. This research took the Ma house in Songzhou ancient city in Songpan County as the object, which is a representative of local Hui people’s traditional dwellings with a history of three hundred years. Many factors have led to unsystematic protection and renovation to it, and the traces of time was superimposed on it. Therefore, starting from the authenticity degrees of historic building, this paper identified and analysed the timeliness value and spatial value of the Ma house by combining the full information cycle of historic building, which provided a new method and more rational view for the research of historic dwellings.

The Impact of Digital Technology on Business Model Innovation in Manufacturing Companies: an Empirical Analysis Based on Selected Provincial Capital Cities

The Impact of Digital Technology on Business Model Innovation in Manufacturing Companies: an Empirical Analysis Based on Selected Provincial Capital Cities

Urban space digitalisation as a factor in urban communities’ consolidation

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of digitalisation of the provincial Russian cities on the prospects of consolidation of urban communities. It is noted that digitalisation qualitatively change the metabolism of the modern city, turning the urban environment into a space of interaction of complex socio-biotechnical systems. Virtual-digital practises, technologies, and services are built into all the processes of urban development, which leads to the transformation of most social phenomena: processes, institutions, communities, as it makes society more dynamic, changeable, “turbulent”. Based on the results of the expert survey, which was conducted in the sociological study Social Consolidation of Urban Communities - Opportunities and Limitations in a Digitalized Urban Environment, March-April 2022 (N = 50), the positive and negative effects of digitalisation / digitalisation of the urban environment for the prospects of social consolidation are analyzed. It is empirically confirmed that the wiggle effects of the digitalisation of the urban environment on the enhancement of consolidation are ambivalent. On the one hand, digitalisation creates new conditions for communication and mobilisation of city dwellers, but on the other hand, it leads to the emergence of nontraditional barriers.

Urban sustainable mobility indicators application in small cities: The case of Polykastro, Greece

The effective evaluation of the implementation of the strategies, policies, and actions toward a sustainable urban mobility system is based, among others, on the use of appropriate indicators that reflect the elements and dimensions of sustainable mobility (economic, social, and environmental). These indicators should be measurable, relevant to the target, and adapted to the scale of the city. In addition, this system of indicators should be equipped with valid and compatible data sets on transport in order to provide an effective tool for assessing the conditions of sustainable mobility in the study city. The methodology used was based on the integration of international experience in the sustainable urban mobility sector in the study area. Concluding, this paper examines the assumptions and perspectives of achieving a sustainable urban transport system in small cities, focusing on this methodology in the city of Polykastro. The paper can be used as an implementation guide for assessing the level of sustainable urban mobility in other small-sized provincial cities, such as Polykastro.

ГУСТАТИВНІ ОБРАЗИ МИРОСЛАВА ЯРЕМАКА (НА МАТЕРІАЛАХ ПЕРФОРМАНСІВ)

The article constitutes a segment of the author's research on the representation of social practices through artistic production processes in twenty-first-century Ivano-Frankivsk. It delves into the issue of intercultural communication by examining gustatory themes within the performances of the action artist, Myroslav Yaremak. The study concentrates on actions that revolve around artistic depictions of food and beverages' growth, processing, and consumption, recontextualized within the present culture and politics of a provincial city amidst a globalized backdrop. Furthermore, the article explores the documentation aspects and the societal impact of the performances «Alma mater», «Sower», and «In vino veritas» on the small-town community. The material is organized thematically, revealing content categories such as milk, grain (seeds), and wine as significant markers. The structure of the work revolves around life experiences, meanings, and artistic images. The methodology encompasses semiotic studies by Roland Barthes, performance studies popularised by Richard Schechner, and food studies exemplified in the works of Crystal Neely. It analyses how the chosen categories' meaning and significance, as well as the artist's associated actions, evolve due to changing political or cultural circumstances. The primary empirical foundation of this study comprises self-archived performance artefacts, photo documentation sourced from Ivano-Frankivsk photographers' archives of the 1990s and 2010s, self-descriptions, performance documentation, and interviews with Myroslav Yaremak conducted between 2022 and 2023. The article reveals the process of transforming specific gestural acts into universal ones through ingrained images within daily experiences. It demonstrates how the form of performance and reperformance was shaped by cultural or political history, interpreted through the subjective experiences of the artist and his assistants. Consequently, it portrays gestural acts in the work as mediums of social interaction, wherein recipients (assistants and spectators) become active participants within the artwork.

The Image of the City of Orenburg in the Context of Psychogeography

The relevance of the topic of the work is determined by the fact that citizens' perception of their city is the basis of their daily behavior and all life activities. This means that the image of the city formed in the minds of residents is one of the important factors of its socio-cultural development. The aim of the work is to identify the peculiarities of the perception of the city and to determine the significance of the image of the city for its socio-cultural development. The main subject of the study is the image of the city of Orenburg, considered from the perspective of psychogeography. The theoretical basis of the work was the work of Western and domestic authors exploring various aspects of the problem of perception of the city: K. Lynch, V. L. Glazychev, P. Golderberger, S. U. Goldhagen, A. E. Gutnov, S. V. Pirogov, G. I. Revzin, R. Sennet, K. Ellard, etc. The work is interdisciplinary in nature, which requires a combination of phenomenological and psychogeographic approaches aimed at studying the perception of the city by its inhabitants. The author proves that the image of the city of Orenburg is multifaceted and dynamic. In pre–revolutionary history, Orenburg is an outpost of Russia, the "gateway to Asia", a place of exile for politically unreliable citizens; in the Soviet period, it was the capital of Kazakhstan, the city of labor glory. Today Orenburg appears in the minds of its residents as a cozy and quiet provincial city with a rich historical past and unique culture. However, through the unkemptness and abandonment of the outlying areas, the global shape of the city emerges in it, making one city indistinguishable from another. The feeling of the unique atmosphere of the city, concentrated in its historical center, is rapidly disappearing under the onslaught of modernization, motorization, modern urban planning. Such a "polyphony" of urban spaces puts on the agenda the issue of preserving the historical appearance and identity of the city. Making the city an object of love and pride is today the main task of the authorities and residents of the city, on the solution of which its future depends.

Compliance with First-Line AntiRetroViral Treatment (ART) for HIV Infection in the Era of Dolutegravir in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Two years after the transition to Dolutegravir (DTG), at the national level, data on compliance with the execution of this transition and the rational use of the new molecule are not available. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine compliance with first-line ART prescriptions among People Living with HIV starting AntiRetroViral treatment in Kinshasa during the Dolutegravir era. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine compliance with first-line ART prescriptions among people living with HIV during the Dolutegravir era in Kinshasa. Sixteen Outpatients Treatment Centers (OTCs) were included in the study for their expertise in the care of PLHIV, their technical collection platform and their accessibility. The parameters of interest were: age, sex, outpatient treatment centers, and medical prescription. Results: One hundred and nineteen (119) patients were included in this work in accordance with the inclusion criteria; 67 (56.3%) are female, giving a sex ratio of 1.29 in favor of women. The average age of the patients included is 39.87 ± 12.36 years with extremities of 18 to 69 years. The most represented age group is that of 36 to 45 years with 37 patients (31.9%). One hundred and nineteen (119) patients were received from 16 centers in Kinshasa, according to 6 OTC for the district of Funa, 4 OTC for Tshangu and 3 OTC respectively for Lukunga and Mont-Amba. All the centers respect the new recommendations of the National Program; all patients (100%) are on the Tenofovir (TDF) + Lamivudine (3TC) + Dolutegravir (DTG) combination. Conclusion: Compliance with the prescription of DTG as a first-line ARV in the DRC is effective in the city province of Kinshasa.

Determinants and Preferences Revealed for Cassava Flour in the City Province of Kinshasa

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that determine interest in cassava in the city of Kinshasa. Thus, using the method based on the analysis of basic properties and applied to logistic regression, we selected 354 households and more for the period from 17 May 2023 to 24 July 2023. The results showed that global and individual factors affect the taste of cassava flour but not in the same way. Individual factors, family size, sex of respondent, marital status and number of school-age children affect preference for cassava flour; and global factors such as marketing mix are positively affected.

Artistic portrayal of the rats of Shah-Daula in Pakistan: a visual analysis through portrait painting

This research aims to explore microcephaly disorder which is an abnormality that is treated as a taboo in Gujrat, a city in Punjab province in Pakistan. The making of Shah Daula rats is a Taboo in which new-born babies are abused with an iron cap placed on their heads to stop their natural development. Their physical growth is manipulated, and they are unable to spend life like a normal person. All of this is done for the purpose of begging, and this ritual abuse in Pakistan has humiliated humanity for ages and is still practiced under the name of religion. This research is descriptive and qualitative in its nature. The study investigates the survival strategies as well as the living conditions of Shah Daula. The findings of the study show that microcephalic children suffer from alienation, child abuse, lack of fundamental rights, self-respect, and various disappointments. The study concludes that Shah Daula, in Pakistani society, is compelled to live as an abnormal human being.