Provinces Of Turkey Research Articles

Clustering Türkiye's Provinces According to Education Level Indicators with Two-Stage Cluster Analysis

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to cluster similar provinces of Turkey according to (i) below-high school and (ii) high school and above-high school education level indicators using cluster analysis methods. Design/Methodology: The annual most recent data for 81 provinces were taken from the education statistics for the year 2022 published on the official website of the Turkish Statistical Institute. A two-stage cluster analysis method was used to identify similar provinces. Findings: According to indicators of education level below the high school level, the first cluster consists of 17 provinces (Adıyaman, Ağrı, Bingöl, Bitlis, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Hakkâri, Kars, Mardin, Muş, Siirt, Şanlıurfa, Van, Batman, Şırnak, Iğdır and Kilis) and the second cluster consists of 64 provinces (other remaining provinces). The 17 provinces in the first cluster are eastern provinces where education needs to be increased. According to the education level indicators at high school and high school level, the first cluster consists of 6 provinces (Ankara, Çanakkale, Eskisehir, Isparta, Istanbul, and Izmir), and the second cluster consists of 75 provinces (the remaining other provinces). The six provinces in the first cluster are western provinces where education is advanced. Limitations: The limitation of the study is that cluster analyses were conducted for Turkey's 81 provinces and 2022 cross-sectional data. Originality/Value: The use of the two-stage cluster analysis method, which allows the number of clusters to be automatically determined according to AIC and BIC criteria, unlike the Ward and K-means methods used in cluster analysis, contributes to the original value of the research. Considering that the increase in education benefits people and society, it points out the importance of the study in providing meaningful and valuable information by creating awareness among individuals and policymakers in the relevant provinces by identifying similar provinces with clustering methods.

Analysis of owner objections to statutory land readjustments (LR) in Turkey

Land Readjustments (LR) are one of the most radical administrative actions affecting property and have significant consequences for owners. Although earlier studies examined the grounds for the annulment of LR in Turkey, no previous study looked at this from the perspective of owner objections. The aim of this study was to investigate the objections of the plaintiff owners to the LR process and compare these with expert opinion and final judgements. Data were drawn from 435 case files, dated between 2015 and 2023, from five provinces in Turkey. A major finding was that owners' dissatisfaction with LR and the reasons for filing lawsuits seldom match the judicial grounds for annulment. Owners were sensitive to a wide variety of interventions affecting their properties. It is hoped that the compilation and categorisation of owner objections will contribute to the development of improved LR model processes.

Content and cost of waste pharmaceuticals collected by pharmacies for disposal

ABSTRACT Background The research aims to the costs and contents of waste pharmaceuticals collected through pharmacies for disposal. This study adds significant value to the country’s economy in terms of cost and number of medicines. Methods The study was conducted with waste pharmaceuticals collected from 29 pharmacies in Erbaa district of Tokat province in Turkey. In the study, the total of waste pharmaceuticals, ATC classification and cost data of these medicines were obtained from the Eczanem automation program. Microsoft Office Excel and IBM SPSS programs were used in the analysis of the data. Results In the study, 1178 waste pharmaceuticals were evaluated. It was determined that approximately 88% of the waste pharmaceuticals were never used and 30% of them had not expired. Finally, it was determined that the total monthly cost of the collected waste pharmaceuticals was 4,908.88 USD. When this amount is calculated nationwide, the annual estimated cost of waste pharmaceuticals is 58,281,272.36 USD. Conclusion As a result of the research, it was revealed that waste pharmaceuticals constitute a serious national burden and waste in terms of both number and cost. Therefore, it is important to investigate the causes of waste pharmaceuticals in detail and take measures against them.

Perceptions of forensic interviewers on the sexual education of individuals with a disability exposed to sexual victimisation

ABSTRACT This qualitative study examines the perspectives of forensic interviewers on the education of individuals with a disability who have been exposed to sexual abuse and violence. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 forensic interviewees in six provinces in Turkey. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Thematic analysis results revealed four themes: types of disabilities of individuals subjected to sexual violence and abuse; family; education and sexual violence and abuse; and the effect of difficulties in self-expression during the forensic interview process. The findings emphasise the necessity for tailored, visually supported education aligned with developmental stages to prevent sexual violence. The inclusion of parents in these sexual education sessions could prove to be effective in preventing the onset of sexual abuse perpetrated against individuals with a disability. The insights provided by forensic interviewers underscore the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in developing and implementing sexual education programmes, aiming to address deficiencies in current sexual education frameworks. Personal safety and sexual education could be useful in preventing negative incidents that individuals with a disability may encounter at every stage of their lives. PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT Our results highlight the critical importance of customised sexual education programmes for reducing the vulnerability of individuals with a disability to sexual violence and abuse. It addresses the role of identifying practical measures to address the risks associated with these individuals, promoting parental involvement, and raising awareness in the community. Interdisciplinary collaboration across various fields, such as health care, psychology, and law, and the development of inclusive sexual education initiatives, may be important for protecting the rights and well-being of individuals with a disability and their families.

EVALUATION OF THE HEALTH LITERACY LEVELS IN SOCIAL WORKERS

Health literacy levels of social workers working with disadvantaged or risky groups of society have a very important place in the protection of public health. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the level of health literacy knowledge of social workers in Turkey and various variables. In this study, 237 social workers working in institutions affiliated with the Ministry of Family and Social Policies and the Ministry of Health in different provinces of Turkey were included in the analysis. Health literacy levels were measured using Turkey’s Health Literacy (TSOY-32). The SPSS package program was used in the statistical analysis of the data and p

Investigation of Ketosis Prevalence in Dairy Cows in Bingöl Province of Turkey

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of ketosis in 7 different villages (Alibir, Ardıçtepe, Çavuşlar, Garip, Sudüğünü, Yamaç, and Yeşil) of Bingöl province. A total of 411 dairy cows, including Simmental, Holstein and crossbred breeds, were used in the study during the 3-week period after birth. Ketosis was diagnosed by measuring blood beta-hydroxy-butyric acid (BHBA) concentration. Blood BHBA concentrations were analyzed using the FreeStyle Optium Neo H (Abbott Diabetes Care Ltd., Witney, UK). Blood BHBA ≥2.6 mmol/L was determined as clinical ketosis (CK), BHBA≥1.2 mmol/L as subclinical ketosis (SCK), and BHBA

Folic acid, cobalamin, and biotin concentrations in milk samples of sheep, goats, and cows

Milk is an important food obtained from mammals, containing almost all of the nutrients needed for metabolism. The vitamin composition of milk, the first food of mammals, is valuable data for the food industry and public health. This study aimed to determine the levels of folic acid (vitamin B9), cobalamin (vitamin B12), and biotin (vitamin B7) in different milk samples (cow, sheep, goat) using the ELISA method. For this purpose, milk samples from Holstein Cows (n:50), Awassi Sheep (n:50), and Kilis Goats (n:50) available for retail in the Şanlıurfa province of Turkey were collected and analyzed. In this study, the average folic acid content of sheep, goat, and cow milk was found to be 3.45 µg/100 mL, 7.23 µg/100 ml, and 6.64 µg/100 mL, respectively. The average cobalamin content of sheep, goat, and cow milk was 0.70 µg/100 ml, 7.43 µg/100 ml, and 0.58 µg/100 mL, respectively, while the average biotin content of sheep, goat, and cow milk was 2.21 µg/100 mL, 2.21 µg/100 mL, and 2.09 µg/100 mL, respectively. It was noted that the average biotin levels in sheep, goat, and cow milk did not differ significantly. However, significant differences were observed in the quantities of folic acid and cobalamin (P<0.05). Different levels of folic acid were found in milk samples from these three species. Cobalamin levels in goat milk samples were significantly higher, while biotin levels were similar in each milk sample of the species. This study underscores the importance of understanding and considering the diverse vitamin compositions of milk from different mammalian species to ensure comprehensive nutritional intake.

The Mediating Role of Customer Commitment in the Relationship Between Customer-Company Fit and Customer Voice: An Empirical Study on Restaurant Customers

Objective: This study discusses value congruence (person-organization fit) and voice behaviors, which are frequently discussed in the field of organizational behavior, in the context of marketing. The study aims to examine the effect of customer-company fit (CC fit) on customer voice behavior as well as the role that customer commitment plays in this effect. Design/methodology: Research data was obtained from 390 restaurant customers in a province in Turkey through the convenience sampling method using the survey technique. The SmartPLS program (PLS-SEM) was used to conduct the analyses. The research model was analysed using partial least squares path analysis (PLS-SEM) and bootstrapping (5,000 bootstrap samples). Findings: The findings indicate that CC fit directly affects both customer commitment and customer voice behavior. Furthermore, the findings revealed that customer commitment plays a mediating role CC fit’s effect on customer voice behavior. Theoretical and Practical implications: The present study is the first in the literature to discuss the various relationships between these variables (CC fit, customer commitment and customer voice) together. Another distinctive feature of the study is that the sample consists of restaurant customers. The high-contact nature of restaurant service makes service failures inevitable. For this reason, it is much more important to reveal customer voice behaviors in restaurant services than in other sectors. In this respect, the results of the study may provide guiding information to the sector.

Wind Power Plant Location Selection with Fuzzy Logic and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods, especially Fuzzy Weight by Envelope and Slope (F-WENSLO) and Fuzzy Ranking Alternatives with Weights of Criterion (F-RAWEC) for evaluating the potential locations for wind power plants. The study's objective is to provide a solid framework for deciding which locations are most suitable for wind energy projects, taking into account various criteria and expert opinion. The study includes the evaluation of five potential places including Gürün, Kangal, Divriği, Ulaş and Zara in Sivas province of Turkey. The evaluation criteria include wind speed and direction, altitude, land use, environmental impacts, infrastructure proximity, social acceptance, economic costs, security and risk factors, climatic conditions and legal and permit requirements. Scores from experts from various fields and weights of criteria were determined. The analysis revealed that Ulaş and Kangal got the highest point for the wind power plant installation. As Ulaş gets the highest point due to favorable wind conditions, favorable altitude and advantageous land use; Kangal stood out as a strong candidate because of its acceptable wind speed, positive social acceptance and low economic costs. The study highlights the importance of integrating multiple criteria and expert assessments in the decision-making process. The findings suggest that fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods can be effectively supportive of wind power plant site selection. The study provides valuable information for project managers and policy makers, emphasizing the importance of criteria such as security in the choice of location, legal requirements and social acceptance. Future research may expand these findings to examine the integration of additional criteria, alternative locations, and other multi-criteria decision-making techniques.

Information of Difficulties Faced by Visually Impaired Students in the Learning Process at School

This study aims to identify the challenges encountered by visually impaired students during their learning process at school. The sample of the study consists of all students (25 students) studying at Ertuğrul Gazi School for the Visually Impaired in Onikişubat district of Kahramanmaraş province in Turkey, covering grades 5 to 8. The study was conducted during the 2021 academic year, utilizing the qualitative research method with interviews as the primary data collection technique. Through the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews, it was revealed that visually impaired students face difficulties in the learning process at school, primarily stemming from the inadequacy of the school’s physical conditions. The most significant challenge among these difficulties is the lack of auditory cues and routes. Additionally, learning difficulties arise from the materials used in classes and the implementation of measurement and evaluation practices for visually impaired students.

Evaluation of Some Potentially Toxic Elements and Associated Ecological and Health Risks in Topsoil Samples Adjacent to an Industrial Zone in Turkey.

Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution as a result of industrial activities remains a global problem that poses serious threats to human and ecological health. PTEs (Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, V, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, and As) are metals or metalloids with biological toxicity. This study analyzed the concentrations of these PTEs and the physicochemical properties of topsoil samples collected from areas near industrial districts in the Samsun province of Turkey to evaluate ecological and health risks, estimating various indexes. The average concentrations of Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, V, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, and As analyzed in 23 topsoil samples by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry were found as 93,822, 82,410, 6623, 1642, 406, 278, 207, 149, 78, 68, 32, and 10 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Co levels exceed the maximum contaminant levels in the Turkish Regulation on the Control of Soil Pollution. The average pH values, organic matter, total organic carbon, and nitrogen measured in soil samples were 7.14, 6.11, 0.96, and 0.04%, respectively. The ecological and health evaluation reveals that the studied area is polluted with V, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, and Pb, which may pose a risk to people living in settlements near the industrial district.

Effect of Leader Kindness on Service Sabotage and the Role of Feeling of Elevation and Employee Wellbeing: A Study of Municipal Employees in Kirikkale Province of Turkey

While the stimuli related to negative situations like disasters affect people emotionally negatively, good behaviors toward those in difficult situations can cause us to experience positive emotions or reduce the effects of them. However, it is seen that exposure to kindness related stimuli and perceptions about them have not been sufficiently examined in the organizational context. In this research, the effect of perceptions toward leader’s kindness behaviors on service sabotage and the mediating role of feeling of elevation and employee well-being are investigated through a descriptive field study. In this direction, a questionnaire containing the research variables was applied to the employees of a municipality in Kırıkkale province of Turkey. As a result, it was found that perceptions toward leader kindness behaviors affect service sabotage in the negative direction, and employees’ sense of elevation and well-being positively. In addition, employee wellbeing was found to play a mediating role in the effect of perceptions toward kindness on service sabotage. The findings of the study suggest that perceptions about leader kindness behaviors may have important organizational outcomes. Finally, recommendations for researchers and organizations were developed.

Examining Parents' Views on Parental Involvement in Preschool English Teaching

This study aims to examine parents' views on parental involvement in preschool English language teaching. Today, as parents realize their roles, they have started to play a more active role in their children's educational process. In this period when children need their parents' support the most, parents need to turn this situation into an opportunity and contribute to their children's foreign language acquisition process. For this reason, this study examined the views of parents on their participation in this process in the preschool period, which is considered to be very important in terms of foreign language acquisition. It is predicted that this study will shed light on parents' thoughts about their participation in the preschool foreign language education process and will benefit the studies to be carried out to make English language teaching more effective in the preschool period. In this study, the case study design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used to obtain parents' views on their involvement in preschool English language teaching. A total of 15 parents, consisting of eight fathers and seven mothers, whose children received preschool English education in different schools in Afyonkarahisar province in Turkey, voluntarily participated in the study. In this study, the parents' opinions about their involvement in English language teaching were obtained through semi-structured interview forms. As a result of the study, it was found that although almost all the parents adopted the view that parental involvement was necessary when the situation of supporting their children's English learning at home was examined, it was found that they could not support their children in their English learning process due to limited time, insufficient English level, the view that school alone is sufficient and similar reasons. It is concluded that parents who thought that their English level was insufficient for their children's participation in the English language learning process, remained passive in this process and were not informed about how they could participate in the foreign language teaching process of their children.

Comprehensive phytochemical analysis of various extracts of Kickxia lanigera growing in Turkey

In this study, the phytochemical contents of the extracts of Kickxia lanigera plant from Baskil district of Elazığ province in Turkey obtained in different organic solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol) were determined by spectrometric methods such as GC-MS/FID, ESI-LC-MS/TOF and NMR. The result of GC-MS analysis: palmitic acid (19.08%), oleic acid ( 18.76%), dotriacontane (13.08%), CHCl3; linoleic acid (38.13%), oleic acid (34.08%), palmitic acid (13.79%) were determined in high amounts in hexane. HPLC-TOF/MS analysis showed that the CHCl3 and BuOH extracts had low levels of standard phenols, and the main components in the EA extract (in mg/kg plant) were cinnamic acid (5.92), hesperidin (4.7), apigetrin (4.5) and p-coumaric acid (2.8). the 1H NMR spectrum showed that the CHCl3 and EA extracts were rich in phenols.

Evaluation of the Turkish Population's Knowledge about Dental Implants

Aim: Dental implants have become the most preferred treatment method for tooth loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and preferences of individuals living in Turkey regarding dental implants. Material and Method: In this research, a multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to assess individuals' knowledge levels and reasons for preference concerning dental implants. The survey was conducted online among men and women aged 18-79 who had never undergone implant treatment, residing in various provinces of Turkey. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the SPSS program and the chi-square test. Results: A total of 429 individuals participated in the study, including 196 men (45.7%) and 233 women (54.3%). Of the participants, 47.9% learned about the concept of dental implants from dentists, and 57.6% reported having partial knowledge. A majority of 67.7% preferred to have implant treatment performed by a specialist dentist. 87.8% believed that dental implants are not harmful to health after treatment. Most participants indicated that the most crucial factor in the preference for implants is the dentist's recommendation (54.2%). Conclusion: This study provides significant data for understanding the knowledge levels and factors influencing the preferences of individuals regarding dental implants. While highlighting the critical role of dentists in providing information and guidance, it also underscores the need to increase awareness about dental implants among the general population. Accordingly, broader informational and educational efforts are necessary to promote more widespread and correct application of dental implant treatments.

Conceptual Modflow Model Application with Boundary Condition Analysis

In this study, groundwater flow modeling of the aquifer in the Porsuk Basin, located in the Eskisehir province of Turkey, was conducted using the MODFLOW modeling method and the Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) software interface. The modeling was performed using the finite difference method under the assumption of steady flow, incorporating well data, aquifer boundaries, topographic elevations, riverbed data, and hydraulic parameters from the 1971 water year. This study provided insights into changes in groundwater over time and yielded a comprehensive water budget. By creating a three-dimensional solid model of the Porsuk Basin aquifer, general information about the region's hydrogeology was obtained. The results are expected to play a significant role in identifying potential drilling areas for groundwater extraction. Since the modeling utilizes objects from geographic information systems, it will enhance visualization of the regional structure for researchers, allowing them to observe the topographic features of the area in three dimensions. Additionally, it is anticipated that the groundwater conceptual model will inform drilling studies and serve as a foundation for research on groundwater transport and pollution.

The Relationship Between School Administrators' Paternalistic Leadership Behaviors and Teachers' Levels of Organizational Silence

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between school administrators' paternalistic leadership behaviors and teachers' levels of organizational silence according to the views of the teachers participating in the study. Relational survey design was used in the research conducted using quantitative methods. The population of the study consists of 4836 teachers working in schools in a province of Turkey in the 2023-2024 academic year, and the sample consists of 526 teachers selected by simple random sampling method. Personal Information Form, School Principals' Paternalistic Leadership Behaviors Scale and Organizational Silence Scale were used as data collection tools. SPSS 25 statistical package program was used to analyze the data. In the process of analyzing the first two sub-problems, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were analyzed for descriptive statistics. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the third sub-problem and regression analysis was used to analyze the fourth sub-problem. As a result of the research, it was seen that school administrators' paternalistic leadership behaviors were generally at a low level and that philanthropic paternalistic leadership was dominant in the school. Teachers generally experience low levels of organizational silence, but when the sub-dimensions of organizational silence are examined, it is seen that the perception of managerial silence is the most dominant in the school. As the administrator behaviors related to the sub-dimensions of family atmosphere at school and philanthropy increase, teachers' individual silence, organizational culture, colleagues, pressure groups and general organizational silence behaviors decrease. As the administrator behaviors related to the sub-dimensions of interventionism and inadequacy at school increase, teachers' individual silence, organizational culture, colleagues, pressure groups and general organizational silence behaviors increase. As the administrator behaviors related to the sub-dimension of authoritarianism at school increase, teachers' individual silence, administrative silence, organizational culture, colleagues, pressure groups and general organizational silence behaviors increase. It was seen that the benevolence, interventionism and finding inadequate sub-dimensions of paternalistic leadership were significant predictors of teachers' organizational silence.

Relationships Among Secondary Traumatic Stress, Mindfulness, Compassion Satisfaction, and Compassion Fatigue in Psychiatric Nurses.

To examine relationships among secondary traumatic stress, mindfulness, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue in psychiatric nurses. Participants comprised 142 nurses working in two psychiatric hospitals in the same province of Turkey. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction subscales of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. A significant and negative correlation was found between secondary traumatic stress, mindfulness, and compassion satisfaction, and between mindfulness and compassion fatigue. A significant and positive correlation was found between secondary traumatic stress and compassion fatigue, as well as between mindfulness and compassion satisfaction (p < 0.05). Findings demonstrate that mindfulness may be a protective factor in preventing secondary traumatic stress and compassion fatigue in psychiatric nurses. It is recommended that in-service training be organized periodically to increase levels of conscious awareness among psychiatric nurses. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Evaluating Intensive Care Nurses' Knowledge of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study.

To determine the knowledge levels of nurses working in the ICU about incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in adult ICUs at two private and three public hospitals in a province in Turkey. The study included 296 nurses who agreed to participate in the research. Researchers used the "Nurse Identification Form" and the "IAD Knowledge Test" to collect data on nurses' IAD knowledge. Data analysis included the use of percentage distribution and the Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests. The mean age of the nurses was 26.55 ± 3.89 years (range, 20-47 years), and the duration of working in the ICU was 2.71 ± 2.55 years (range, 1-22 years). Of the nurses, 183 (61.8%) worked in general ICUs. Of those, 69 (23.3%) received IAD training. Nurses achieved a 49.8% correct response rate on the IAD knowledge test. Nurses working in tertiary and general ICUs demonstrated higher IAD knowledge levels (Ps = .003 and .047, respectively). There were no relationships between age, career length, institution, ICU type, and IAD knowledge level. Nurses' knowledge level of IAD was low in intensive care. To remedy this, IAD should be added to intensive care nursing certificate programs as content, and the use of IAD risk assessment and diagnosis scales in ICUs should be expanded.

Factors Affecting Treatment Outcomes for Tuberculosis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death globally. The present study aims to examine the treatment outcomes in TB patients and to determine the factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective registry-based cohort study conducted in Ordu pro-vince of Turkey between 2017-2021. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors asso-ciated with unsuccessful outcomes. Results: A total of 400 TB patients were included in the analysis. The observed overall treatment success rate (TSR) (cured or treatment completed) was 87.7% (351). 49 patients (12.3%) had unsuccessful treatment results (death, failure or loss to follow-up). Age&amp;gt;65 years (odds ratio [OR] =12.2, 95% confidence intervals [CI] =4.03-36.85), male gender (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.05-4.45) and being foreign-born (OR = 9.2, 95% CI = 1.16-73.72) were identified as risk factors associated with unsuccessful outcomes in patients (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions: Age&amp;gt;65 years, male gender and foreign-born patients tend to have unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Careful monitoring of patients with any of these characteristics and taking special precautions for them may help to decrease unsuccessful treatment outcomes.