Province Of Tokat Research Articles

Production and Marketing Problems of Tomato Producers and Quit of Tomato Production: The Case of the Central District of Tokat Province

The cultivation areas and production amount of tomatoes, which are important in economic terms and are included in plant production, are decreasing every year. In this study, which examines the problems of producers in the production and marketing of tomato production, which requires intensive and high cost, the situation of abandonment in tomato cultivation was also examined. In the province of Tokat, 76 tomato producers in the villages of the center were interviewed by means of a questionnaire. It has been observed that the producers, who are considered to be among the active working population, have 25 years of experience in tomato cultivation and their education level is at primary school level. While the biggest problem of tomato producers in production is disease and loss of product, the biggest problem in marketing is low price and price instability. It has been determined that 49% of the producers have given up on tomato cultivation. The reasons for the producers to give up on tomato production are; Because it is not profitable, the product disease is that the product is a marketing problem and the input costs are high. In line with the results of the research, it can be suggested that the producers organize a seminar course on the disease. It can be suggested to develop a policy on price stability and most importantly to establish a product marketing cooperative so that an important measure should be taken to protect both the product and the price.

Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery Presence and Usage Activities in Tokat

In this study, the area of influence of agricultural machinery in Tokat, its districts and the size of the cultivated area were compared. Required number of machineries was evaluated. Thus, the machines were divided into seven groups (Soil Tillage Machinery, Sowing and Planting Machinery, Maintenance and Fertilization Machinery, Plant Protection Machinery, Harvesting Machinery, Combine Harvester, Tractors). Data on the number of cultivated areas and agricultural machinery were taken from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The number of machines, daily working time, annual workable days, effective working capacity, and machine impact area for each machine were calculated separately. Based on this data, the number of machines that should be in each district was determined. As a result, it was determined that the number of Subsoiler, Combi Harrow, Stone Collecting Machinery, Rotary Cultivator, Soil levelling Machinery, Rotary Tiller, Seedling Planting Machinery, Arc Opening Plough, Manure Spreading Machinery, Baler, and Combine Harvester is insufficient in the province of Tokat. It was determined that other machines in the groups were more than necessary. Baler had the highest deficit, while tractor had the highest surplus. The importance of planning in enterprises and the machines that should be prioritized in the production of industrialists have been revealed.

The Role of Insecurity in the Health System in Hospital Preference: An Application in the Province of Tokat

Güven kavramı, sağlık hizmetlerine erişim, süreklilik, bakım kalitesi, sağlıkla ilgili davranış ve son olarak talep edenlerin beyan ettiği hizmete katılana kadar değişen bir dizi önemli sağlık hizmeti hedefiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bireylerin sağlık sistemine güvensizlik düzeylerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Tokat il ve ilçelerinde ikamet eden kişiler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise kolayda örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak ulaşılan 390 adet katılımcıdan ibarettir. Araştırma verileri, tanımlayıcı analizlerin yani sıra t testi ve ANOVA analizi yardımıyla test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, kişilerin sağlık sistemine güvensizlik düzeylerinin düşük ve orta düzeyde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir.

Frequency of thyroid pathologies in the central Black Sea Region: Ultrasound-based field study.

Thyroid pathologies are very common diseases. The most common thyroid pathologies are goiter and thyroid nodules. Thyroid ultrasonography is the most widely used examination method in the evaluation of thyroid pathologies. The aim of this field study is to determine the frequency of thyroid pathologies in the province of Tokat and to evaluate its relationship with some factors such as gender and dietary habits. In this population-based prospective study, thyroid US examination was performed on a total of 822 patients. The examination procedure was carried out by one radiologist with at least 10 years of experience. During the examination, thyroid dimensions, parenchyma echo, presence of nodule, echo if any, number, size, and localization were evaluated. The relationships between thyroid pathologies and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and chronic diseases in the participants were evaluated. Up to 45.2% (n = 372) of the participants were male and 54.8% (n = 417) were female. The ages of the participants ranged from 20 to 87 years. The mean age of the participants was 47.2. Up to 9.8% of the participants had an increase in thyroid size, defined as goiter. Parenchyma was homogeneous in 72.1% of the participants and heterogeneous in 27.9%. Thyroid nodules were present in the thyroid gland in 40.8% of the participants. There was a statistically significant relationship between thyroid pathologies and female gender, age, and obesity. Thyroid diseases show regional differences. Older age, female gender, and obesity increase the frequency of thyroid pathologies.

Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) fauna in Tokat province (Türkiye)

This study reports the findings of fieldwork based on adult fruit fly samples collected from the province of Tokat in the spring and summer months of 2016–2018. Adult fruit fly samples were caught by using insect nets from possible host plants, taken into killing bottles, and then transferred to storage jars. As a result of the diagnostic procedures, a total of 28 fruit fly species belonging to 11 genera of the Tephritidae family were identified. The findings of this study offered significant contributions to the body of knowledge regarding the determination of the fruit fly fauna of Türkiye and the dispersion of fruit flies in our country

Epidemiology of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria in Tokat Province

This study was carried out to determine the life span of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xeu) in seeds, soil and plant residues and the first inoculum source that cause the onset of the disease. The study was carried out in the province of Tokat. Rifampicin-resistant Xeu isolate was inoculated into soil, seeds and plant residues. As a result of the studies, it was determined that Xeu remained viable in inoculated seeds until the 220th day (7 months), and lived in the soil for 105 days in summer and 14 days in winter. In plant residues, it was determined that the the life span in summer period was 60 days at 0 cm depth, 30 days at 20 cm depth; 30 days at 0 cm depth and 15 days at 20 cm depth in that of winter period. According to the results of this study, it was determined that the Xeu did not survive for a long time in plant residues and soil in Tokat province and thus was not carried to the next year, on the other hand the seed was the most important source of inoculum.

Rooting Performances of Promising Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) Genotypes Determined in Tokat Province under Same Environmental Conditions

In this study, it was aimed to examine the rooting performance of hardwood cuttings taken from the promising black mulberry genotypes Kemalpaşa, Yelpe, Merkez 3, Merkez 6, Kocacık, Çamdere, and Merkez 7 determined in the province of Tokat under the same environmental conditions. All cuttings were immersed in 6000 ppm IBA solution for 5 seconds before planting and planted on heated bottom tables. The cuttings, which were kept in rooting units for about 3 months, were then removed and measurements were made on them. As a result of the study, statistically, differences were found in root length, root diameter, root number, callus formation rate and rooting rates in the parameters examined. There was no statistically significant difference between genotypes in decay rates. Decay rates of genotypes are between 12.96% - 41.67%, callus formation rates are between 70.83% - 95.39%, rooting rates are between 60.41% - 92.64%, root lengths are between 5.85 - 7.52 cm, root diameters are between 1.42 - 1.75 mm, and root numbers are between 7.87 - 12.67 root/cutting has taken values. In the light of the information obtained as a result of the study, it was determined that Yelpe, Çamdere, and Merkez 6 genotypes showed high rooting success. These results are important in terms of shedding light on the research to be done in order to determine the various studies and the performance of the saplings. It is also a determining factor for enterprises producing saplings.

Disabled Employees as A Vulnerable Group in the Labor Market and Mobbing: A Qualitative Research in Tokat Province

Out of the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups in the labor market, disabled employees make up one of the segments that is most exposed to mobbing in the workplace. In this study, we investigated mobbing processes against disabled employees and their effects on them. The research was conducted through faceto-face in-depth interviews with 10 disabled employees in the province of Tokat, between November 2019 and December 2020. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive and content methods. We examined the characteristics of handicapped employees who had been victims of mobbing, the mobbing acts used against them, causes and types of mobbing and their effects on the victims. The findings show that disabled employees are subjected to acts of mobbing including scolding, mockery, shouting, humiliation, backbiting, overloading, disdain, and being given work below their qualifications. Negative prejudices and attitudes towards disability are among the causes of mobbing against disabled employees in the workplace. Mobbing affects the effective and equal participation of disabled people at work and hinders their permanent presence in the labor market. The psychological and physical health of disabled employees who are victims of mobbing worsen and their disability-related health problems deteriorate. Mobbing impairs the physical and mental health of disabled employees and reduces their productivity as well. Mobbing weakens and eventually breaks these people’s ties with the labor market and their working lives.

Teachers' Viewpoints on the Content of Social Studies Textbooks Prepared in accordance with 2018 Curriculum Revision

The purpose of this study is to examine teachers' opinions on the contents of the fifth, sixth, and seventh-grade social studies textbooks. Designed as a qualitative case study, this research employs 25 social studies teachers working in the province of Tokat and having at least 5 years of professional experience. A semi-structured interview form consisting of six questions aiming to reveal various aspects of the textbooks such as accuracy, harmony, density, suitability for the level of the student, language, and expression of the content. The content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. At the end of the research, the participants directed some criticisms to the social studies textbooks in terms of information inaccuracies, inconsistency between themes, content density, unsuitability for the level of the students, and deficiencies in language and expression. When the textbooks prepared by the Ministry of National Education are compared with those of the private publishers, it is seen that the teachers emphasize more disadvantages of the textbooks prepared by the Ministry of National Education.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccination from The Perspective of University Students: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices

Aim: Our aim was to find out the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of university students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to evaluate their vaccination status and the students' approaches to COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Our cross-sectional study was carried out in the province of Tokat between 01 December 2021 and 31 December 2021. The sample of the research consists of Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University students. The students were reached by sending an online survey to their corporate e-mails. The survey form consists of socio-demographic data and parts regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 and vaccines. Results: Our study included 1053 participants. The mean age of the participants was 22.1±5.2, and 56.2% were female. The rate of having COVID-19 among the participants was 27.8%. Of the students, 94.5% were vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccines. The average correct response rate of the participants about the disease was 79.1±15.2%. Although the high rate of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of protective attitudes, it was seen that the rate of wearing a mask was 70.2% and just 49.9% of participants always avoid crowded areas. Conclusion: The approaches of young people, who can be the source of transmission, regarding COVID-19 disease and vaccines are extremely effective in controlling the pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, vaccines, knowledge, attitude, students

A Research on the Role of Municipalities in Tourism Development of Rural Areas: The Case of Turkey

The local community in the process of association sees the municipalities as leader, strategist, mentor, coordinator, sponsor, and the closest stakeholder institutions to themselves. However, municipalities do not engage enough in organizations that have tourism purposes. Hence, the main purpose of the research is to determine the main reasons for the lack of municipalities’ interest in tourism. To that end, the interview method was used in the collection of data in this research as a qualitative study. Between the regions that are in priority for tourism development, research sample has formed by 11 county municipalities in the province of Tokat, Turkey. Research findings are limited to the opinions of mayors. The results have shown that the studies of rural county authorities towards the development of tourism are formed due to the individual, short-term, and quick income expectations as well as political concerns for the future. Municipalities want tourism development just for their own areas and stay away from cooperation and partnerships for the creation of a regional tourism destination. Local community stakeholders are slightly included in tourism activities. Inadequacies of financial resources have been shown as a main obstructive reason in participation in tourism activities

Prevalence of hypercalciuria and urinary calcium excretion in school-aged children in the province of Tokat.

Hypercalciuria is an important cause of urinary tract symptoms, and also frequently results in urolithiasis. Urinary calcium excretion varies for geographic areas. We aimed to assess percentiles of urinary calcium excretion and prevalence of hypercalciuria for school-aged children in Tokat (city located in inner northern region of Turkey). One thousand three hundred seventy-five children aged 6 to 18 years were enrolled in the study. Urine samples were obtained randomly. The children's variables as sex, age, length, and weight were recorded. Urinary calcium and creatinine determined from the urine samples and urinary calcium/creatinine ratios (mg/mg) were calculated. Percentiles of urinary calcium/creatinine ratios were also assessed for each age of the children. Six hundred eighty-three of the 1 375 children were girls and 692 were boys. The mean age of the children was 11.68±3.43 years. Some 23.9% of the children were living in rural regions and 76.1% were were living in urban regions. The mean urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.080±0.24 and the 95th percentile value of the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.278. The hypercalciuria prevalence for school-aged children was 4.7% when the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio value for hypercalciuria was accepted as ≥0.21. The prevalence of hypercalciuria in rural and urban regions was 7.60% and 3.82%, respectively (p<0.05). Hypercalciuria was present in 7 of 141 patients who were obese (4.96%) and 58 of 1 234 patients who were not obese (4.70%) (p>0.05). The prevalence of hypercalciuria and urinary calcium excretion vary for different geographic areas, not only for countries. The percentiles of urinary calcium excretion should be assesed for every geographic region and the prevalance of hypercalciuria should be determined with these values. There is controversy as to whether obesity is a risk factor for hypercalciuria.

Seviye Belirleme Sınavında Başarının Yordayıcılarının İncelenmesi: Dershaneye Gitme, Mükemmeliyetçilik, Ana-Baba Tutumu ve Sınav Kaygısı

The purpose of the current study is to determine to what extent the following four variables explain K-8 students’ SBS success levels; these variables being attendance to private SBS preperation courses, multidimensional perfectionism, parental attitude types, and test anxiety. SBS is a nationwide, high stake, high school placement test taken by middle school students in the Turkish education system since the 2007-2008 school year. The sample of this study consists of 460 cluster sampled 8th grade students, of which 257 are girls and 203 are boys all from the city center of the province of Tokat, Turkey. The Multi-dimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), Parental Attitude Type Scale, Westside Test Anxiety Scale, and a personal information sheet were used to collect data which was then analyzed using hierarchical linear regression, independent group t tests and chi square tests. According to the findings, the most effective variable in determining a student’s level of success is attendance to private preperation courses. Other significant predictors of success on the SBS are the espousal of a perfectionist attitude by parents and a student’s level of test anxiety. Moreover, the most effective factor influencing SBS scores of students who do not attend preperation courses is his parents’ adoption of an authoritarian attitude. While the “Order” dimension of the MPS and “test anxiety” were negative predictors of students’ success on the SBS, “responsibility-centered parents’ attitude” was positively related to the students’ scores. “Doubt from behaviors” was the most effective negative predictor explaining the SBS scores of students who did not attend private SBS preperation courses. The findings of the study suggest that as one’s income level increases, so does the duration of time spent attending SBS prep courses, and this increased level of success can also be attributed to effective parent involvement in students’ lives. However, family’s income stands as a definite medium, explaining students’ SBS success. As a result of the current study, SBS preperation courses has been found to be the most defining factor in students’ SBS scores. According to the findings, student’s success on large scale tests are mainly affected by extracurricular activities, such as courses or private lessons.

Primary Education Science and Technology Teachers’ Knowledge, Awareness and Degree of Use of Science Process Skills

Article History: Received 6.12.2013 Received in revised form 11.25.2013 Accepted 12.24.2013 Available online 10.08.2014 This study was done in order to determine the active science teachers’ knowledge, awareness and degree of use of Science Process Skills (SPS) in their courses within the Primary Education in Central province of Tokat in Turkey. The method of this study is a general descriptive design. The target population of this study is those teachers who are actively teaching in these second level of Primary Education and the population size is 87 and the sample size is 62 Science Technology teachers who are chosen from the target population by a conveniance sampling method. Within this study, ‘Science Process Skills Knowledge & Awareness Scale’ (SPS-KAS) and ‘Degree of Use of Science Process Skills’ (DUSPS) scales, both were developed by us have been used as data collecting tools. After pilot application of the scales to 24 4th grade teacher canditate students (from the GaziosmanpasaUniversity in Tokat) and 21 active science and thecnology teachers (who are out of central province in Tokat) validty calculations were made. In order for validity assesment item discrimination calculations were made and those items which have 0.3 or above ‘rjx’ values were used. For the face and content validity expert opinion were relied. In order to calculate internal consistency realibility scale KR-20 formula were used and was found as 0,80. Questions of the DUSPS scale were presented using a five-point Likert item, of the The results for the construct validityimplies a single factor. DUSPS’ Cronbach Alfa internal consistencyco efficient was found as .97. The result of this study Show that only 1.5% active Science and Technology teachers in Tokat have enough knowledge about SPS, but none of them can relate a SPS-related question to a specific SPS . In addition to these, 11% of science and technologyteachers have admitted to try to use these SPS in their courses during teaching. In addition, teachers' knowledge and awareness differ according to their inauguration year (before or after the new program). © 2014 IOJES. All rights reserved

The frequency of antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides and rheumatoid factor in healthy population: a field study of rheumatoid arthritis from northern turkey

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic and an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane that affects approximately 1 % of the total world population. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is a widely used auto antibody in diagnosis of the RA and found positive in 50-80 % of the patients but with a lower specificity. On the other hand, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) is the latest serological marker with a specificity around 98 %. This field survey was conducted in different regions to investigate the frequency of RF and anti-CCP and also frequency of RA in a northern province of Turkey. This study was conducted in 70 local areas (12 urban and 58 rural) in the province of Tokat, which is located in northern Turkey. The population of Tokat was reported to be 828,000 at the last census and about 530,000 individuals aged > 18 years old. The study population of 941 subjects (462 male and 479 female; urban 501 and rural 440) was selected by random sampling method among 530,000 individuals. Of the 941 healthy controls assigned to the study, 479 of them were female (51 %) and 462 of them were males (49 %), and median age of all participants was 41 ± 17. Twenty-six subjects were RF positive (2.8 %), and 9 patients were anti-CCP positive (1 %). The presence of both RF and anti-CCP antibodies has also been shown in two patients (0.2 %). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the frequency of RA was 0.53 %, RF presence was 2.8 %, and anti-CCP presence was 1 % in total 941 healthy subjects enrolled into study.

Doğum sonu dönemde annenin bakımına yönelik yapılan geleneksel uygulamalar

Ozet Amac . Bu calismanin amaci, evli kadinlarin dogum sonu donemde anne bakimina yonelik yaptiklari geleneksel uygulamalari belirlenmektir. Yontem. Tanimlayici tipte olan bu arastirma Tokat il merkezine bagli bir saglik ocagi bolgesinde yapilmistir. Arastirmanin orneklemi 1 Mart-30 Nisan 2006 tarihleri arasinda saglik ocagina basvuran en az bir dogum yapmis ve calismayi kabul eden 400 kadindan olusmustur. Veriler arastirmacilar tarafindan hazirlanan iki form ile toplanmistir. Uygulama oncesi kadinlardan sozel izin alinmis ve formlar kadinlara yuz yuze gorusme yontemi ile uygulanmistir. Bulgular. Arastirmadan elde edilen sonuclara gore, dogum sonu donemde anne bakimina yonelik yapilan geleneksel uygulamalar arasinda lohusa kadinin kirkini cikarmak (%91,5), lohusa kadinin 40 gun cinsel iliskiye girmemesi (%90,8), lohusa kadinin sutunun artmasi icin uygulamalar (%89,5) ve lohusa kadini al basmasindan korumaya yonelik uygulamalarin (%88,3) ilk siralarda yer aldigi bulunmustur. Sonuc. Arastirma bolgesindeki kadinlar dogum sonu donemde anne bakimina yonelik geleneksel uygulamalari yuksek oranda surdurmektedir. Anahtar sozcukler: Dogum sonu donem, anne bakimi, geleneksel uygulamalar Abstract Aim. This study was conducted in order to determine the traditional postnatal mother-care practices of married women. Method. The study was carried out at the health center in the province of Tokat as descriptively. The sample consisted of 400 women with at least one childbearing who were attended to the health center and accepted to take part in this study between March 1, 2006 and April 30, 2006. The data has been gathered in two forms which were prepared by the researchers. Before applying the form a verbal allowance was taken from the women and the forms has been filled through applying face to face negotiating method to the women. Results. According to the results which were gathered from the research, It has been determined the traditional practices at postpartum period which is applied to maintenance of mother as follows: making the forties of confined woman (91.5%), intercourse is forbidden the 40 days of confined woman (90.8%), the applications to increase the breast milk of confined woman (89.5%), the applications to keep evil spirits of confined woman (88.3 %) these applications have been found at the first orders. Conclusion. Women living in the study area commonly continue to use traditional practices in postpartum period. Key words: Postpartum period, mother health care, traditional practices.

Association between elevated aminotransferase levels and the metabolic syndrome in Northern Turkey

Introduction. Elevated aminotransferase levels(ATLs) are alert the physicians for liver-affecting disease and may reflect liver injury. We aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated ATLs and the association of elevated ATLs with the metabolic syndrome(MetS) in a northern province of Turkey.Materials and methods. Elevated ATLs were evaluated among 1,095 individuals of the Tokat Prevalence Study which have been described in detail elsewhere. 1,095 participants had been selected by a simple random sampling method among 530,000 inhabitants in 70 (12 urban and 58 rural) areas in the province of Tokat which is located in the Black Sea Region of Turkey.Results. The prevalence of elevated serum ALT, AST, and ALT and/ or AST were found as 11%, 7.2%, and 13.3%, respectively. Increased BMI, fatty liver, and MetS were higher in our general population with elevated ATLs. After exclusion of individuals with hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection, 132 individuals with elevated ATLs (91 male and 41 female) were evaluated. MetS was found in 59 participants and its prevalence was markedly higher in females with elevated ATLs (p < 0.0001). When the males with elevated ATLs were evaluated, the ALT levels of the persons who have no risk of MetS (p = 0.007) and the persons who have one risk of MetS (p = 0.001) were lower than the persons with MetS.Conclusions. Elevated ATLs are common and it’s an important cause is MetS in Northern Turkey.

Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, dyslipidemia prevalence, and the factors that influence these parameters in a Turkish population living in the province of Tokat*

To determine the mean total LDL and HDL cholesterol values and trigliseride levels as well as dyslipidemia and the factors that influence the parameters mentioned above in the population living in the province of Tokat located in the Middle Black Sea (Northeastern) region of Turkey. Materials and methods: The study was performed in 58 rural and 12 urban residential areas. The 58 rural regions were selected using a cluster sampling method. A total of 1095 subjects were selected through a random sampling method. Results: The total serum cholesterol level was 186 ± 42 mg/dL with 33.7% of the participants having hypercholesterolemia (>=200 mg/dL). The HDL-cholesterol level was 42 ± 11 mg/dL with 50.9% of the participants having low HDL-cholesterol levels (=130 mg/dl). The Triglyceride level was 142 ± 82 mg/dL with 36.1% of the participants having high triglycerides levels (>=150 mg/dL). The TC/HDL ratio was 4.7 ± 1.4 with 36.3% of the participants having high TC/HDL ratio levels (>=5). Conclusion: In agreement with previous studies, we found Turkish people have low HDL-C levels despite normal or near normal levels of TC and LDL-C.

Increased frequency of familial Mediterranean fever in northern Turkey: a population-based study

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a systemic relapsing autoinflammatory disorder occurring in populations originating from the Mediterranean basin, mainly Turks, Levantine Arabs, Sephardic Jews, Druze, and Armenians. The prevalence of FMF shows considerable geographical variation. In Turkey, the prevalence rates were reported as 0.0027-0.25%. This field survey was conducted in different regions to investigate the frequency of FMF in a northern province of Turkey. This study was conducted in 70 areas (12 urban and 58 rural) in the province of Tokat, which is in northern Turkey. The population of Tokat was reported to be 828,000 at the last census in Turkey in 2000, about 530,000 for individuals aged >18 years ( http://www.die.gov.tr ). Mean age of 1,095 (541 male and 554 female; urban 555 and rural 540) subjects was 41 +/- 17 (range 18-95 years). FMF frequency in this study was 1/123 (0.82%, 95 CI: 0.40-1.61). Mean age of patients were 27 years (20-41) and mean age of symptoms were 16.3 years (11-23). In conclusion, the frequency of FMF in this study was 1/123 (0.82%) which was higher than expected. This rate is the highest frequency of FMF reported from Turkey. Further large sample studies are needed to define to true prevalence of FMF in Turkey.

Iron Age Pottery from the provinces of Tokat and Sivas

This article is based on material collected by Charles Burney, who carried out a survey of the province of Tokat and the northern part of the Sivas province in 1955. His aim was to study the pre-Classical remains of the area and pottery from the Chalcolithic period to the Iron Age was collected. This study is concerned with the Iron Age.My aims were firstly to record the pottery found, including the plain wares, and to plot any distinguishable groups. I wanted to look for parallels outside the area, establish the direction of any outside influence and then to test the pottery groups against physical boundaries and consider their relationship, if any, to known political boundaries. Any conclusions must be seen in the light of the extremely limited material available.