Provision Of Childcare Services Research Articles

Effectiveness of training on primary care nurses' knowledge and screening practice in identification of children at risk for developmental delay: An Indian perspective.

In India, overall, 1.5-19.8% of the children were found to be developmentally delayed. The evaluation of development in young children and health professionals' early referrals for diagnostic assessment will accelerate appropriate early intervention as early as possible. Nurses can screen the children and help the parents by providing the necessary information and support. To train the primary care nurses on developmental screening and early identification of developmental delay (DD) in children and find the effectiveness of the same. To evaluate the effectiveness of the training program on the knowledge and screening practice of the nurses towards the identification of children at risk for DD and to find out the relationship between nurses' knowledge and screening practice. A quasi-experimental, one-group pretest, post-test design was adopted among 69 nurses, who were providing child care services and working in the selected government hospitals in Bengaluru, South India. Nurses' knowledge and screening practice in identifying children at risk for DD were assessed before and after the training. SPSS package 21.00 version was used to analyse the descriptive and inferential statistics. The training program was effective in the enhancement of primary care nurses' knowledge and screening practice in the identification of DDs in under-five children. The findings of this study concluded that developmental screening can be performed by nurses with suitable training programs. The training program played a significant role in the enhancement of nurses' knowledge and screening practice in the identification of DDs in under-five children.

Women's welfare attitudes in South Korea

AbstractMany scholars argue that gender affects welfare attitudes: women support welfare policies more than men in most welfare societies. However, in South Korea, women tend to oppose welfare policies or show no gender gap in welfare attitudes. As welfare programs in South Korea are expanding, I investigate whether women's attitudes towards welfare policies have changed and if they differ based on self‐interest. I analysed welfare attitude data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS) for 2013 and 2022 using ordered logistic regression models, finding that women in South Korea supported almost all welfare policies less than men. However, in terms of income redistribution and free preschool and childcare service provision, there were no gender differences observed. Furthermore, cleavages among women were found regarding attitudes towards support for the unemployed and free preschool and childcare service provision based on self‐interest. Additionally, progressive women exhibited more supportive attitudes across all domains of welfare.

Longer school schedules, childcare and the quality of mothers’ employment

Summary Better employment quality can improve personal well-being, social cohesion, and inclusive growth and development. Yet good quality jobs – associated with greater well-being – are less accessible to women than men. While it is understood that policies balancing family and work lead to greater female labour participation, this paper investigates whether one such policy – increased childcare – improves the quality of jobs where mothers are employed. The context we analyse is a nationwide school reform in Chile that extended school schedules for primary school-aged children, providing childcare services. We combine administrative data of the phase-in of the policy with panel data of individual mothers’ employment outcomes and socio-economic characteristics. We estimate a fixed-effects model that controls for mothers’ unobserved heterogeneity and identifies the effect of the policy from plausibly exogenous temporal and spatial variations in access to schools with long schedules and exogenous exposure to the policy. We find a positive effect of childcare on several measures of employment quality and gender gaps within the couple. Our evidence suggests that the mechanism driving the impact is the implicit subsidy to the cost of childcare, affecting the opportunity cost of mothers’ time. In addition, we find heterogeneous results by mothers’ education level. Access to childcare through longer primary school schedules can increase household welfare and can play a role in reducing income and gender inequalities.

Investigating the unique service and treatment needs of women with alcohol use disorder: Literature review and key informant perspectives in British Columbia.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a medical condition uniquely affecting the female population, requiring widespread restructuring of current services to increase treatment utilization and efficacy. This review synthesizes the literature on the service and treatment needs of women with AUD. A literature search and review were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Key informant information was collected during interviews with health leaders. Data from literature searches and interviews were analyzed to identify common themes. Results found women face more barriers when accessing and receiving AUD treatment. Major barriers include stigma, location, transportation, and childcare, which contribute to the AUD treatment gap among women. Recommendations to reduce barriers include (1) implementing universal screening, (2) improving care provider education and awareness, (3) providing childcare services, (4) establishing a strong client-clinician relationship, (5) building a community approach for Indigenous clients, (6) improving Managed Alcohol Programs, and (7) expanding virtual substance use prescribing practices.

Comparison of Women’s Labor Market Participation between Types of Childcare Policies Based on Policy Tool Mix

This study examines the effect of state-centered childcare policies on women’s labor market participation. It applies the fuzzy-set qualitative method to OECD member countries and classifies countries into seven types based on the mix of childcare policy tools in terms of the state’s directness of funding, directness of service creation, and coerciveness of service quality regulation. This helped identify an effective combination of childcare policy tools for increasing women’s labor market participation. Thus, providing childcare services that policy consumers can trust by increasing the government’s enforcement of qualitative regulations on childcare services is critical.

Women’s market work and childcare policies in Colombia: policy simulations using a computable general equilibrium model

In recent decades, Colombia has made significant progress towards achieving gender equality in its labor market. However, persistent inequalities in unpaid care work remain a significant challenge, resulting in heavy care workload for women. This study evaluates the impact of three government policy options that can help reduce women's unpaid work: subsidy for childcare services provided by the market, an increase in public provision of childcare services, and cash transfers to households with children using a care-extended computable general equilibrium model (CGE) calibrated to Colombian data. The results show that while all policies improve family economic situations by increasing private consumption, childcare provision, whether through subsidies or as a public good, has a more significant impact on increasing female market work while cash transfers increase unpaid work performed inside the home. These findings underscore the importance of policy design and their analysis regarding their impact on gender inequalities, labor supply, and economic growth.

Review: Spatial Revolution: Architecture and Planning in the Early Soviet Union

Review: <i>Spatial Revolution: Architecture and Planning in the Early Soviet Union</i>

Research on the standardization of social forces involved in the building of institutions providing childcare services against the backdrop of policies supporting fertility— Taking Hangzhou City in Zhejiang Province as an example

The low fertility rate is becoming a significant barrier to China's population growth. The state actively addresses population issues and makes ongoing improvements to the pertinent policy framework using mechanisms like fertility policy and fertility support policy. Creating equitable childcare options is a crucial endeavor for generating income. In the process of creating childcare services, societal forces play a significant role in addition to the government, but their management and operation in childcare service institutions is fraught with issues. This research offers pertinent countermeasures and recommendations for the development of social forces to engage in the creation of childcare service institutions by way of standardization through the effectiveness evaluation of the existing childcare institutions.

Spatial aspects of the supply-demand gap and its change in childcare services in Naha City, Japan.

Given the recent increase in the number of working mothers, Japanese cities face a shortage of childcare services. In response to this problem, Japan's central government has attempted to expand childcare facilities by implementing a comprehensive support system for children and child-rearing. However, a geographical approach is needed to evaluate the impact of the new system from the viewpoint of territorial justice in order to reconcile efficiency and equity in public service provision. Therefore, this study examines the spatial aspects of the supply-demand gap in childcare services following the implementation of the new system. The area studied was Naha City in Okinawa Prefecture, where the number of children awaiting enrollment in licensed childcare centers is exceptionally large. Since 2015, the city authorities have provided financial assistance to transform unlicensed childcare facilities into licensed ones to increase the provision of childcare services. As a result, the number of children awaiting enrollment in licensed childcare centers has reduced. Nevertheless, a spatial analysis of the supply-demand gap in childcare services using a geographic information system proves that a regional imbalance in childcare provision still exists in Naha City.

Gender and social policy in middle-income countries: comparative welfare regime analysis of fiscal policies

ABSTRACT Gosta Esping-Andersen (1990), in his ground-breaking book, Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, created a decommodification index to classify advanced capitalist countries into the liberal, conservative-corporatist, and social-democratic welfare regimes. One of the most common criticisms of Esping-Andersen’s typology by feminists such as Jane Lewis (1992) is that it is ‘male-centric’ and did not address women’s unpaid work with families. Ann Shola Orloff (1993) has gone a step further in the criticism of Esping-Andersen’s typology by addressing women’s opportunity to paid employment and the capability to establish and run an independent households. I originally used the framework to analyse the socio-legal dimensions of expenditure in MICs; in this paper, the decommodification index has focused on variables that are on the fiscal side. Theoretically, this paper contributes to gender and social policy discussions on women’s access to employment and related entitlements. Empirically, it creates clusters of MICs into three based on latent class analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of economic, social, and legal variables, such as availability of non-tax benefits to private child-care centres, provision of child-care services by the government; tax-deductible payments for child-care; provision of legal-aid for family and criminal issues.

How Does the Provision of Childcare Services Affect Mothers’ Employment Intentions? Empirical Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that the provision of early childhood education and childcare services (ECEC) is associated with higher women’s participation in the labor market. However, many questions about the causal relationship between the supply of childcare and patterns of female employment remain open. In an effort to overcome common endogeneity problems, we conducted a conjoint experiment in Switzerland, which enables us to analyze mothers’ employment intentions in different – and even in some hypothetical – contexts. Our results demonstrate that improving the provision of ECEC services does affect mothers’ intentions to engage in paid labor. Nevertheless, mothers comprise a heterogeneous group. As expected, ECEC services’ effects are limited for mothers with comparatively high levels of employment. In contrast, mothers with low levels of employment are quite reactive to changing policy contexts, especially if external childcare spots for preschoolers become affordable. Notably, elasticity is present not only in the behavior of women with preferences for supplementary, external childcare, but also in that of women with preferences for parental or home-centered childcare. Our study thus highlights childcare policies’ potential to change the patterns of female employment in contexts marked by persistent traditional gender roles and limited childcare provision.

Childcare services in cities: challenges and emerging solutions for women informal workers and their children

Cities present important challenges for the extension of quality childcare services to informal workers, who make up most of the urban poor across the global South. For women, who are disproportionately responsible for childcare in their own households, access to quality childcare services allows for more time to earn an income and seek new employment. This is particularly important as women informal workers struggle to recover their earnings following the economic recession brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. For children, quality childcare services can contribute to lifelong health, educational and social development benefits. This article explores the key barriers to childcare provision for women informal workers and their children in cities, and assesses the role municipalities can play in the provision of childcare services. Access to quality childcare services in urban areas can help break the cycle of gendered and intergenerational poverty as cities recover from the pandemic.

Economic evaluation of a web-based menu planning intervention to improve childcare service adherence with dietary guidelines

BackgroundDespite the known benefits of healthy eating in childhood, few Australian childcare services provide food that is consistent with dietary guidelines. The effectiveness of a web-based menu planning intervention to increase childcare service provision of healthy foods and decrease provision of discretionary foods in long day-care services in Australia was assessed in a randomised controlled trial. Here we consider the costs, consequences, cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the intervention using data collected within the trial.MethodsThe prospective trial-based economic evaluation involved 54 childcare services across New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Services were randomised to a 12-month intervention or usual care. The intervention involved access to a web-based menu planning and decision support tool and online resources. Effectiveness measures included mean number of food groups, overall menu and individual food group compliance with dietary guidelines, and mean servings of food groups at 12 months. Costs (reported in $AUD, 2017/18) were evaluated from both health sector and societal perspectives. The direct cost to support uptake of the intervention was calculated, as were costs to each childcare service. The incremental cost of the intervention was calculated as the net difference in the cost to undertake menu planning and review plus the direct cost of the intervention. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) including uncertainty intervals were estimated for differences in costs and effects between intervention and control groups. A relative value index was calculated to determine overall value for money.ResultsOver the 12 months of the trial, we calculated a difference in cost between usual practice and intervention groups of − $482 (95% UI − $859, − $56). While the measured increase in menu and food group compliance within the trial did not reach statistical significance, there were significant improvements in mean servings of fruit and discretionary food, represented in the cost-consequence analysis. The calculated relative value index of 1.1 suggests that the intervention returns acceptable value for money for the outcomes generated.ConclusionCompared to usual practice, web-based programmes may offer an efficient and sustainable alternative for childcare services to improve the provision of healthy foods to children in their care.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000974404

Удосконалення державної соціальної політики щодо молодих сімей (на прикладі соціальної послуги «муніципальна няня»

State social policy towards the support of young families in Ukraine constantly changes and improves. The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "Some issues of providing child care services for children under three years of age "municipal nanny" in 2019 (with changes in 2020) introduced an innovative type of social assistance - "municipal nanny". We carried out the statistical analysis in the Department of social benefits and compensation of the Ingulsky area of ​​Mykolayiv city. It showed that since the beginning of 2020, the number of applications for compensation of "municipal nanny" had increased sharply. A sample analysis of the cases of "municipal nanny" compensation recipients was also conducted. As a result, we detected the presence of overuses, traced such negative phenomena as "fictitious nanny". After analyzing the practical significance of the "municipal nanny" service, we come to the conclusion that the relevant Resolution of 2019 does not prescribe methods of control over its implementation. In July 2020, we also carried out pilot empirical sociological research (questionnaires). We polled 80 respondents-mothers who receive compensation for services "municipal nanny”. It showed that most of the interviewed mothers are interested in the new social service "municipal nanny". Only 45 persons had the right to receive this service after changes to the Resolution from September 30, 2020 in the Department of social benefits and compensation of the Ingulsky area of ​​Mykolayiv city, which&nbsp; makes only 3,6% of users in this Department compared the previous Resolution. Our analysis of the status of the service "municipal nanny" shows better targeting and effectiveness of the service after the improvement in September 2020. In addition, as a result of our research, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to form a single database and register of recipients of all types of social assistance; create a single database of individual entrepreneurs who provide "municipal babysitter" services, which will help prevent abuse by service providers.

Interventions for Child Drowning Reduction in the Indian Sundarbans: Perspectives from the Ground.

Drowning is a leading cause of child death in the coastal Sundarbans region of India due to the presence of open water, lack of supervision and poor infrastructure, but no prevention programs are currently implemented. The World Health Organization has identified interventions that may prevent child drowning in rural low-and middle-income country contexts, including the provision of home-based barriers, supervised childcare, swim and rescue training and first responder training. Child health programs should consider the local context and identify barriers for implementation. To ensure the sustainability of any drowning prevention programs implemented, we conducted a qualitative study to identify the considerations for the implementation of these interventions, and to understand how existing government programs could be leveraged. We also identified key stakeholders for involvement. We found that contextual factors such as geography, cultural beliefs around drowning, as well as skillsets of local people, would influence program delivery. Government programs such as accredited social health activists (ASHAs) and self-help groups could be leveraged for program implementation, while Anganwadi centres would require additional support due to poor resourcing. Gaining government permissions to change Anganwadi processes to provide childcare services may be challenging. The results showed that adapting drowning programs to the Sundarbans context presents unique challenges and program customisation.

Causes and consequences of delayed vaccination against pertussis infection in the Russian Federation

Introduction. One of the reasons for the increase of pertussis in the Russian Federation on the background of the widespread coverage of prophylactic vaccinations of more than 95% is a large number of unreasonable medical recusals and parental refusals and, as a result, untimely prophylactic vaccinations against pertussis infection.Materials and methods. We analyzed 5101 emergency notifications for pertussis in children under 17 years of age in Moscow in 2012-2017 and 300 child development histories for children under 14 years of age in two clinics in Moscow. A сase-сontrol study was conducted to assess the relationship between pertussis and the presence of deviations in the immunization schedule.Results. It was found that the level of timely immunization against pertussis did not exceed 5%. Medical (20%) and parental refusals (45%) prevail among the reasons for delayed vaccination. In the structure of medical exemption, the main causes are perinatal encephalopathy, congenital heart defects, intestinal dysbiosis, allergic diseases, anemia and some chronic diseases.Discussion. The main principle for the formation of a full protective immunity from pertussis infection is the mandatory administration of a full primary course of vaccination against pertussis, with the completion of three vaccinations at the age of 10-12 months and mandatory control over the timely receipt of a booster dose no later than the child reaches two years of age. In addition, it is necessary to introduce additional booster doses of pertussis vaccine at the age of 6-7 years, 12-14 years, vaccination of adults every 10 years, as well as consider the introduction of vaccination of expectant mothers in each pregnancy at 27-36 weeks, vaccination for medical personnel and employees who provide child care services.

JA:2021-16. A Roadmap for Delivering Child Care in Agricultural Communities

ABSTRACT Purpose: The “Protecting Children While Parents Work in Agriculture” project aims to establish safe and nurturing environments for farmworker children while their parents work. Access to good child care aids worker recruitment, improves retention, and boosts morale. However, childcare services are sometimes nonexistent, cost prohibitive, or not available when needed. Ensuring adequate services is best accomplished when childcare providers, agricultural employers, and farmworker parents work together. The Roadmap for Delivering Child Care in Agricultural Communities (Roadmap) was developed to facilitate this collaboration. Results/Findings: This project conducted focus groups, surveys, and interviews with agribusiness representatives, childcare providers, and farmworker parents. This formative research found that 90% of surveyed agribusinesses believe providing childcare services to employees’ children fosters a more stable workforce, improves employee morale, and enhances company reputation. About half indicated they need guidance on how to implement these services. Interviews with childcare providers indicated that access to child care could improve with representation by the grower community. Farmworker parents stated they were more likely to choose a job in a location with childcare services, and more women would choose to work if child care was available. With these findings, the project team drafted the Roadmap, a step-by-step guide for developing childcare facilities and improving existing childcare services and access to services. It also includes evidence supporting successful agricultural safety and health interventions and how adequate child care is a beneficial investment for agribusinesses and farmworkers alike. It was reviewed by childcare providers, growers, and farmworker advocates, who all agreed the Roadmap is a useful resource they recommend to others. The project team used their feedback to refine the Roadmap language and content and provide recommendations for dissemination. To promote this to key stakeholders, the team developed a promotional video, social media toolkit, and a media release. Practical Application: Growers and other stakeholders can use the Roadmap to facilitate improved access to childcare services for their employees, including creating new childcare options. Stakeholders are encouraged to distribute this handbook in regions with large numbers of hired agricultural workers and to facilitate linkages between growers and childcare providers.

Issues and future directions for Korean childcare policy

PurposeThe paper attempts to closely look into childcare regime in South Korea as well as Korean parents' childcare preference and usage across their young's early years. Through ascertaining Korean family needs in childcare while considering their cultural and social context, directions for future childcare policy development are offered. In so doing, it is hoped to inform Korea and other Asian countries going through similar social and economic changes of ways to build upon childcare policy while taking into account their individual context.Design/methodology/approachA literature review took place using theoretical frameworks of poststructuralism and institutionalized individualization. First, further attention to “problems” on Korean childcare policy is paid while considering the nation's situated cultural and social context. Also, individual families are viewed with autonomy and responsibility in undertaking childcare duties; thus, further individualized childcare service is proposed for the integration of the nation throughout the paper.FindingsIt was found there has been a mismatch between the nation's childcare policy regime and culture. The state exclusively provides defamilialistic childcare service provision, while many Korean families uphold familialism in meeting their childcare demands. In order to meet the sociocultural needs of Korean families, therefore, the enactment of complementary childcare service provision and the establishment of generous parental leave policies were proposed.Originality/valueMany Asian countries work toward resembling egalitarian societies implementing Western policies and values. However, in reality, little change has shown especially in the paradigm of family, family values and family responsibilities in Korea. Therefore, this paper suggests that policymakers should take a careful evaluation of current childcare provisions and strive for gradual improvement rather than radical changes in childcare policy regime.

Holiday Clubs as Community Organizations

Holiday clubs—publicly or privately operated organizations that provide child care services and healthy food to disadvantaged children in the United Kingdom (UK) when schools are not in session—are increasing in number. We know a good deal about the effectiveness of the clubs in terms of nutrition-related outcomes, but little is known about the anti-poverty resources these holiday clubs may provide. The possibility that club funding may be centralized through the national government requires a better understanding of holiday club resources. This study describes the range of resources that holiday clubs deliver and reports on how these resources are acquired and brokered by club staff and volunteers. We use data from seventeen clubs operating in disadvantaged communities in North East England during the summer of 2017, and find that clubs deliver an assortment of anti-poverty resources that are often tied to staff (personal and professional) networks.

The Parenting Burdens and Family Support Needs of the Mothers of the Young Children with Severe and Multiple Disabilities

본 연구는 뇌병변 장애를 포함한 중도&#8228;중복장애 영유아 어머니 6명을 대상으로 양육부담과 가족 지원 요구에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 자료 수집은 반구조화된 면담지를 사용하여 개별 심층 면담을 실시하였으며 전사된 자료는 질적 분석 방법인 연속적 비교법에 따라 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구 참여자들은 자녀의 장애진단 과정에서의 경험과 양육에 대한 부담감, 중도&#8228;중복 장애아 어머니로 살아가는 고독함, 장애인 지원제도의 한계로 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 둘째, 연구 참여자들은 중도&#8228;중복장애 영유아 가정에 필요한 지원으로 돌봄 서비스와 자녀의 성장주기에 따른 지원제도의 정보제공, 장애인 지원제도에 적용하고 있는 소득 기준의 하향 조정, 중도&#8228;중복장애 학생을 배려한 학교시스템 구축, 선천성 뇌 이상에 대한 보험 적용과 중증의 희귀난치성질환자에 대한 신약 우선 제공을 요구하였다. 본 연구 결과는 중도&#8228;중복장애 영유아 어머니들의 목소리를 통해 이들이 경험하고 있는 양육 부담과 지원의 방향을 제시함으로써 중도&#8228;중복장애 영유아 가족들이 필요로 하는 실질적인 가족 지원방안 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다는 데 의의가 있다.The purpose of this study was to study the parenting burdens experienced by the mothers of young children with severe and multiple disabilities, including cerebral palsy and to find out what family support is needed for them. Data collection was conducted through individual in-depth interviews with study participants, and a semi-structured interview was prepared for the interview and the transcription data were analyzed according to the constant comparison method, which is a qualitative analysis method. The results were as follows. First, participants in the study were struggling with their experiences in the child s disability diagnosis process, the burden of parenting, the loneliness of mothers with children with severe and multiple disabilities, and the limitations of the disability support system. Second, study participants were asked to provide child care services to families with children with severe and multiple disabilities and to provide information about the support system according to the child s growth cycle. It also downgraded the income standards for the disability support system, established a school system for children with severe and multiple disabilities, covered insurance for congenital brain abnormalities, and demanded prioritization of new drugs for people with severe and rarely incurable diseases. The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for preparing practical family support plans for the families of young children with severe and multiple disabilities by suggesting the parenting burden and effective family supports through the voices of mothers with young children with severe and multiple disabilities.