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Pkm at the Indonesian Community Organization (Permai) Pulau Pinang in the Implementation of the Accounting Cycle

The partner in this PKM is the Indonesian Community Organization (PERMAI) located at Jalan Kuantan 66, George Town, 10150 George Town, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. PERMAI members consist of Indonesians who live in Malaysia, including entrepreneurs, workers, lecturers, teachers, students and university students who live in Malaysia. PERMAI also seeks to collaborate with parties who are willing to synergize knowledge in the fields of eCommerce, Fintech, Digital Technology and other special skills that are appropriate to establish socio-cultural cooperative relations between the people of Indonesia and Malaysia. Business actors certainly have business units, so they need accounting for the business units they run. Accounting, which starts from recording transactions to financial reports, is a basic science that business people must know. Problem: a). Business people still need accounting knowledge; b) They have not implemented accounting in their business units. Solution: a) Provide knowledge transfer to PERMAI business actors about what accounting is and what its cycles are; b) Providing training on the accounting cycle starting from recording transactions to preparing financial reports for PERMAI business actors. Target: a) Provide knowledge transfer to PERMAI business actors about accounting and its cycles, b) Provide accounting cycle training to PERMAI business actors, starting from recording transactions to preparing financial reports. Evaluation and monitoring will be carried out to ensure the success of the program so that the continuity of the implementation of accounting for business actors at PERMAI will continue and be beneficial, especially for PERMAI business actors in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

WISATA BUDAYA BERBASIS EKONOMI KREATIF MELALUI SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DI KAMPUNG BATIK OKRA SURABAYA

Kampung Batik Okra Surabaya is one of the new tourist destinations in Surabaya. As a new tourism product, the people of Kampung Batik Okra still need assistance in developing Kampung Batik Okra as a tourist destination for the city of Surabaya in terms of the image or brand of Kampung Batik Okra as a tourism product in the city of Surabaya and its promotion. Seeing this opportunity, Team from UPN Veterans East Java seeks to provide knowledge transfer in the form of how to improve the image or brand of Kampung Batik Okra through an e-branding strategy as strengthening existence and reaching a wider tourist market, using social media as a promotional event and compiling product catalogs for map production capabilities and market demand. This transfer of knowledge is a step towards realizing tourist destinations that have marketability by highlighting the uniqueness, beauty, authenticity, and value of tourist destinations in a sustainable manner through sustainable tourism. The purpose of this community service activity is to improve the image or brand of Kampung Batik Okra Surabaya to become widely known through cataloging or pamphlets, photo and videographic training and promotion and branding by using social media as a form of strengthening the existence of Kampung Batik Okra through e-branding. The results of this community service apart from transferring knowledge are also producing pamphlets and catalogs of tourism products as a means of promotion for Kampung Batik Okra Surabaya.

Peluang Bisnis Limbah Bonggol Jagung Menjadi Briket Pada Kelompok PKK Desa Mentasan

The purpose of this community service is to assist the community in making briquettes from corncob waste and provide knowledge transfer about briquette product packaging and briquette marketing which can become a business opportunity for the PKK group in Mentasan Village, Cilacap Regency. The method used in carrying out this service is Participation Action Research (PAR). The PAR approach emphasizes solving problems and meeting the practical needs of the community, as well as producing knowledge. The problem that is being solved with the community is related to the accumulation of corncob waste and the production of knowledge in the form of briquette products as well as the transfer of knowledge about how briquettes can have business opportunities through stimulus through counseling on packaging and marketing of briquette products. The results of the dedication show that partners have been able to make corncob waste briquettes independently and have a better understanding of how to package and market briquette products.

DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK OLAHAN IKAN UNTUK MENCEGAH KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK

Background:
 The results of the community's livelihood as fishermen in the Bestari Fisherman's Village are caught fish such as tuna, tuna and skipjack. This fish is caught by fishermen using a chart. People are not fully aware of the benefits of consuming fish. Processed fish products can be used as a source of protein for pregnant women and can prevent stunting in children. Pregnant women can consume fish so start preparing for the first 1,000 days of life.
 Method: 
 This community service activity begins with the data collection stage for partners and the results of observations, the preparation stage, the activity implementation stage by conducting training and knowledge transfer and ending with monitoring and evaluation. The method used in this community service is to provide knowledge transfer related to the diversification of processed fish products in the form of healthy snacks for school-age children to prevent stunting in children as well as provide entrepreneurship training and technology-based online product marketing done at home.
 Result:
 The basic ingredients of fish are very easy to obtain by the local community. The results of diversification of processed fish into healthy snacks can be produced by partners and partners can disseminate processed fish products through online media sales.

Pendidikan Literasi Politik Untuk Siswa SMA Negeri 25 Kabupaten Banyuasin

Political Literacy Education for students at SMA Negeri 25 Banyuasin is an important tool or media to help socialize the importance of political education for the millennial generation. The activities carried out are in the form of outreach about political education, as well as the importance of using digital literacy in obtaining political information for students. This activity is carried out to provide knowledge transfer and is expected to be able to provide enthusiasm for students as first-time voters to participate actively in the upcoming elections and post-conflict local elections. However, the problems faced by Banyuasin 25 Public High School students who already have voting rights include: (1) There are still students who don't care about politics so they tend to be apathetic in the election process. In addition, ignorance of information related to politics and elections causes students to join abstentions; (2) There are students who use their voting rights in selecting candidate pairs based on the amount of money they get (money politics); (4) There are students who do not know how to use social media properly and wisely. The results obtained after socialization include: (1) Many students access social media in the form of Facebook to obtain information about politics, and most of those who use Facebook are female students; and (2) most of the students also get their political knowledge through social media, so it is necessary to have the role of the family and school so that students get correct and reliable information about political education. Therefore, the objectives of this community service activity are: (1) To be able to increase students' understanding of politics, especially in the current digital era; (2) increasing students' interest in political literacy education; (3) Improving student values/norms and character, especially with regard to good and wise use of social media.

Use of Distance Learning Technologies in the Higher Education System

Abstract: Distance learning is defined by a combination of pedagogical and information technologies. Modern computer networks are able to provide knowledge transfer and access to a variety of educational information on an equal basis, and sometimes even more effectively than traditional learning tools. However, for their effective use in the process of acquiring knowledge and forming intellectual skills, a coordinated development of technological, informational, and didactic and methodological components of the educational process is necessary.

DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK OLAHAN JAMUR TIRAM DI DESA BINONG PAMARAYAN

Mangir Village is one of the villages located in Binong Village, Pamarayan District, Serang Regency. The Women Farmers Group (WFG) 'Bodas Berkah Abadi' is one of the farmer groups that specializes in developing oyster mushrooms (Pleorotus Ostreatus) in Kampung Mangir. This farmer group not only serves the sale of organic oyster mushrooms, but also sells mushroom seeds and baglog media to the public. A classic problem that is always felt by farmers when they find obstacles in selling products to the market which ultimately must end up in the hands of collectors. Of course this can cause the price to be lower than the market. Diversification of processed oyster mushroom products must be increased from just producing fresh organic oyster mushrooms to diversifying oyster mushroom processed products. Therefore, this service aims to provide knowledge transfer regarding the processing of oyster mushrooms in order to diversify products as value added so as to maximize the profits obtained. The method of activities carried out in community service includes counseling, demonstrations, exercises for making mushroom-filled cilok and cireng, discussions and questions and answers. The result achieved is that it is hoped that the housewives of Binong Village will feel inspired because they get new experiences in utilizing other biological sources as alternative food ingredients and as additional businesses in increasing family income

Diseminasi Teknologi Mesin Peniris Minyak di Kelurahan Pelintung, Kota Dumai

Fisheries products from marine sector really need to be considered because Indonesia, especially in the waters of Dumai City, has abundant fish resources of up to 571 tons/year. Diversification of processed fish is a solution so that processed fish can be consumed by the community. On the other hand, the local community of Pelintung Village, Dumai City, still lacks appropriate technology that can improve the quality of processed products from diversification. Some processed fish products are of poor quality. Community service activities aim to provide knowledge transfer and use of oil draining machines so that people can improve the quality of processed fish or non-fish. This community service activity uses the method of applying the use of an oil draining machine in Pelintung Village. The essence of this event is the delivery of theoretical and practical material about oil draining machines. The pre-test was carried out before the material was delivered and the post-test was carried out after the material was delivered. Filling in the satisfaction index is done along with filling out the post-test. The results of this activity stated that the community was very enthusiastic as the percentage of correct answers for the pre-test and post-test increased. The results of the pre-test and post-test in the knowledge, operation and maintenance categories increased to 75%, 84% and 100%, respectively. The satisfaction level of participants was also stated to be satisfied with the percentage of 61.7% and getting benefits from this community service activity. This activity must continue to be evaluated so that when holding similar activities, it can be more effective, efficient and sustainable. Recommendations for service activities in the form of processing fishery products that can be practiced directly with the community will be better in the future.

Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Keislaman Bagi Siswa di SMK Bina Mandiri Multimedia

Education is a learning process that is passed down from one generation to the next generation. Education that is side by side with the inculcation of Islamic values can shape the character of students who are akhlakul kharimah. Many of educational institutions that only provide knowledge transfer without any transfer of values has an impact on many of juvenile delinquencies that occur. Instilling Islamic values in adolescent students greatly influences the way students thinking, behave, and interaction in daily life. This service activity was carried out at the SMK Bina Mandiri Multimedia. The process of this activity is carried out by means of socialization and discussion. After participating in this activity, the students of SMK Bina Mandiri Multimedia better understand the need to instill Islamic values in the school environment and also apply them in daily life.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

In the XXI century, the role of information technologies in the life of society is growing every day. The informatization of society leads to qualitative changes in the field of education. The world requires more and more mobility from a person, therefore, in addition to traditional forms of education, distance learning firmly occupies its position. Distance education acts as one of the social mechanisms that contribute to the adaptation of society to new living conditions. Modern computer telecommunications are able to provide knowledge transfer and access to a variety of sources containing educational information on an equal basis, and sometimes much more effectively than traditional means of teaching.

Frequency of antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease. Data from the disease management programme CAD

Abstract Background Physicians always aim to improve their patients' health and consequently also improve community health. Continued medical education (CME) should be designed to support this goal and thus not only provide knowledge transfer, but also influence clinical decision-making and close performance gaps. However, the relative weight of CME in this process needs to be determined. Purpose Main purpose of the study was to analyse APT prescription rates and differences between subgroups of patients in a disease management programme (DMP) for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods In a retrospective study we analysed prescription rates for APT in 254,932 CAD patients (male: 64.4%), treated in a total of 3,405 practices in 2019 in a DMP in the region of North Rhine, Germany, to delineate the potential for change by CME to further improve community health. Analyses were run for the whole study population stratified by sex as well as for subgroups of patients suffering from myocardial infarction / acute coronary syndrome (MI/ACS), or who have been treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or bypass surgery. Subgroup differences were analysed in a logistic regression model. Results Patients mean age was 72.7±11.2 years (mean ± 1SD), mean duration of DMP participation was 7.2±4.7 years and mean cumulative number of DMP visits was 27±17. APT prescription rates were 85.0% in male and 78.8% in female CAD patients. In subgroups of male CAD patients APT prescription rates were between 89.7% and 92.8%, in the same subgroups of female CAD patients the corresponding rates were between 87.8% and 92.0%. Rates for a missing APT prescription per practice were between 0.0044% and 0.0062% for male and female CAD patients respectively. Rates for a missing APT prescription per practice and DMP visit were 0.0002% for both sexes. In a multivariate model significant positive predictors of APT prescription were male sex (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.34–1.40), age ≥76 yrs (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.08–1.14), participation in DMP ≥4 and <10 yrs (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.16–1.22), MI/ACS (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.20), PCI (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.88–2.06) and bypass surgery (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.21). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that a multifaceted intervention, like a DMP, can achieve high attainment rates for APT in CAD. To describe the benchmark for CME to further improve attainment rates, consideration of absolute numbers of eligible patients per practice or physician is probably more appropriate than expression of performance as percentage values. This is especially true if attainment rates show substantial variations between subgroups, if subgroups show substantial variation in size, if attainment rates are already in the order of magnitude of 80% or higher, and if there are disparities in the evidence base underlying treatment recommendations related to subgroups. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DISTANCE LEARNING

Currently, the number of applicants who prefer distance education is growing every year. This form of learning reflects all the inherent components of the learning process such as goals, content, methods, organizational forms and means of learning. The widespread demands for this form of education and the modern realities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have created the need the development and implementation of distance learning technologies.
 Ensuring educational dialogue in distance learning is done with the help of telecommunication technologies. The main technologies most widely used in this form of education include a variety of video lectures, electronic multimedia textbooks, computer training and testing systems, and other.
 In this article the new information technologies used in the process of distance learning discussed in detail. Although we discussed advantages and disadvantages of the new information technologies. In addition, distance learning using Internet technologies is gaining more and more popularity. The Internet has a number of specific features (openness, accessibility, variability, interactivity) that must be considered when designing, creating and conducting distance learning courses.
 The main strengths of this form of learning, in our opinion, are flexibility, modularity, accessibility, cost-effectiveness, mobility and manufacturability.
 Weaknesses include the lack of direct face-to-face communication, the mandatory availability of a personal computer and access to Internet resources, the problem of user authentication when testing knowledge, the high complexity of developing distance learning courses and others.
 Also considered are the main models the organization of distance learning, which are used in the leading universities in the world. These include: consortium, franchising, validation, distance audiences, projects, and open learning.
 Thus, despite the weaknesses, modern computer telecommunications is able to provide knowledge transfer and access to various educational information equally, and sometimes much more effectively than traditional teaching aids. A variety of educational technologies can not only ensure the active involvement of students in the learning process, but also allow you to manage this process, unlike most traditional learning environments.

THE LEARNING PROCESS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

Introduction. It is presently well understood that growth in new scientific knowledge often arises at the interface between different disciplines. Thus, the current growth in interdisciplinary research may be seen as a consequence of the logic of scientific development – from the highly specialized study of objects and phenomena to integration in terms of information gained through diverse scientific spheres that enable us to receive new knowledge. This paper presents a description of ongoing research (the beginning of which was covered in the Education and Science Journal1) into the developmental tendencies of key didactic concepts due to an expansion of the experimental field through the inclusion of achievements from related areas of knowledge (psycho-didactics, cognitive didactics, socio-didactics, lingo-didactics, etc).The aim of this research stage was to reveal how the results of interdisciplinary research dynamically influence ideas about the process of educational development.Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, the authors analysed scientific literature in the field of interdisciplinary research, compared the results of interdisciplinary research and their generalisation, and contrasted the research outcomes with existing ideas about the learning process. Results and scientific novelty. Based on the allocated and formulated features of interdisciplinary research applicable to a field of education, the “enriching model” (integrated psychology, didactics and methodology of teaching mathematics in the 5th-9th grades) developed by E. G. Gelfman and M. A. Kholodnaya) was used as an example. It was established that interdisciplinary research involves not just elements, data and new developments from different scientific spheres, but also uses a conceptual framework, a methodological base and the tools of various scientific branches integrated into the interdisciplinary space. Moreover, interdisciplinary research rediscovers available knowledge and finds new zones for theoretical and practical application. The valuable interaction between didactics and cognitive science was shown. Didactics is informed by qualitatively new scientific bases when designing learning process models through the cognitively-structured knowledge and forms of representation that provide knowledge transfer, knowledge of neural activity that happens in the brain at the moment of cognitive actions, bio-physiological restrictions of cognitive processes, etc. However, despite an initial stage of formation of many scientific directions related to didactics, the authors concluded that these disciplines already have a significant effect on the perceptive process of learning, in terms of its functions and structural components. The learning process is seen as more comprehensive and complete in the context of developmental cognitive structures of knowledge, formation of a linguistic picture of the world and social support for students.Practical significance. In pedagogy, analysing interdisciplinary research identifies promising trends in the development of classical, non-classical and post-non-classical scientific paradigms as well as didactics (science focused on the best teaching methods). Moreover, interdisciplinary research provides the effective design of various learning models in a scientifically rigorous context.

Role of laser refractive surgery in cross-subsidization of nonprofit humanitarian eyecare and the burden of uncorrected refractive error in Nepal: Pilot project

To establish a refractive surgery unit at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology through support from international donations and provide knowledge transfer for doctors and management to make the unit self-sustaining, nonprofit laser refractive surgery, and financial support for other eyecare projects at Tilganga. Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal. Retrospective study. A foundation was created to establish a refractive surgery unit using a cost-recovery model; that is, patients are charged according to their financial status to cover running costs, patients without funds to pay for surgery, and other eyecare projects for the underprivileged population of Kathmandu, Nepal. Donations were obtained to fund refurbishment within Tilganga Hospital and purchase equipment and technology. A Nepalese surgeon was selected from Tilganga and completed an 8-month fellowship and proctorship of the first series of surgeries. The refractive surgery unit was opened in January 2012, and the cost-recovery model was evaluated up to December2016. During the period evaluated, 74.8% of patients were treated at full cost, 17.2% at subsidized cost, and 8.6% free of charge. The refractive surgery unit generated a profit representing 28% of the running cost in this period, which was used to reduce the deficit of the main hospital. Surgical outcomes achieved were comparable to those reported by groups in the developed world. A self-sustaining nonprofit laser refractive surgery clinic, operating with high quality, was successfully implemented supported by international donations for initial setup costs and a cost-recovery model thereafter.

Bloom’s Taxonomy with Respect to Cognition in a Diverse Socio-Economic Classroom

The paper will look at the role of the socio economic influence in the transfer of knowledge and whether it can be used as a negative-positive stimulator in the meta- cognitive process. Through the diverse level of economic disparity that encompasses them we will look at the factors that go into a making a classroom a level playing environment for the diffusion of knowledge. The paper will look at how experience can play a role in the creation of meta cognitive knowledge and the role of teachers as role models by sharing with students and amongst themselves as a pivotal feature in the establishment of positive meta cognitive experiences. The proposed structure would envisage creation of knowledge from ‘bottom- up’ through people via the teacher- student relationship with the entire focus on human- tacit knowledge creation and codification. The scope of the paper is to : 1. Identify potential issues in making a classroom a level playing field for a diverse group of socio-economic students 2. Apply Bloom’s ‘revised’ Taxonomic table with respect to recall, understanding & applying of cognitive processes in the knowledge domain and the human infrastructure and tools required to implement this as a continuous process. The paper will look at evaluating the problem through the framework provided by Bloom’s Taxonomy and analyze its relation through diverse socio economic influences in the classroom. The proposed solution will be based on the analysis of the taxonomic model as well as based on the results from our interviews. The conclusions will provide a significant roadmap in the generation of knowledge through the classroom while attempting to minimize the impact of the socio-economic divides. In addition through the taxonomy we hope to provide knowledge transfer guidelines that will help in the sustainability of the knowledge cycle in the classroom.

PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI PRODUKTIF BAGI KELOMPOK TANI PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN DI KABUPATEN LEBONG MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS IKAN SEPAT SIAM

Sumber Rezeki Farmers Group and Maju Bersama Farmers Group are the farmers group existing at Tabeak Kauk village within 150 km from Bengkulu City. Sumber Rezeki Farmers Group and Maju Bersama Farmers Group were formed in 1999 with 20 members of each. One of the activities of farmer groups is fish farming. The most dominant fish cultivated by the farmers is the Goldfish, but a byproduct of farming Goldfish is Siamese Snakeskin fish. Siamese Snakeskin fish during this time include wild fish due to grow and multiply without cultivated by farmers. Snakeskin fish when cultivated intensively will provide enormous benefits for the economic development of members of farmer groups and villagers at Tabeak Kauk village, besides the easiness in the maintenance, the value of Siamese Snakeskin fish can be increased into dried fish. However, there are some problems faced by farmers' groups. The first problem is the limited availability of water to irrigate the pond. Contributing factor is the limited availability of water to irrigate their pool as a result having a lot of dead fish, there is even a farmer who can not do the fish farming until the rainy season comes because irrigation water was insufficient to irrigate their pool. The second problem is the high price of fish feed, the result are unoptimal fish growth and low production. The third problem is the problem of handling / processing after harvest. During this time, the fish is sold in fresh and is not accompanied processing activities, consequently the price of fish sold cheap, because if the fish was not immediately sold, those fish will rot. The fourth problem is the organization / group entrepreneurial for post-harvest processing of fish has not been there. Based on the problems faced, the purpose of this IbM activities are: 1) provide knowledge transfer partners in developing the cultivation of Siamese Snakeskin fish conjoined with a tarp, ranging from the spread of seeds, production management / maintenance, and harvesting, 2) provide knowledge transfer to farmers about how to manufacture Siamese Snakeskin fish feed, 3) increase the added value of fish production and farmers' income through diversification of products of Siamese Snakeskin fish into dried fresh and dried salted fish, 4) form an entrepreneurial group that has creativity and independent spirit. Methodology of Science and technology for the Community approach (IbM) will be delivered with extension and cultivation practices, feed manufacturing training, manufacture of dried fish training, and the formation of entrepreneurial groups. Results of IbM activity were members of farmers have the knowledge and skills of fish farming intensively in pool tarp, feed manufacturing, increase the added value of the cultivation of fish, trigger creative spirit of farmers in creating refined products based food fish healthy and practical, as well as publications local and national scientific. K eywords : Siamese Snakeskin fish Farming, Post-Harvest Processing, IbM

The Endocannabinoid System in Local and Systemic Inflammation

Abstract This book focuses on the role of the endocannabinoid system in local and systemic inflammation, with individual chapters written by experts in the field of cannabinoid research and medicine. The topics explore the actions of the endocannabinoid system on the immune system, including neuroinflammation in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's, as well as local and systemic inflammatory conditions affecting organs including the eye (uveitis and corneal inflammation), the bladder (interstitial cystitis), pancreas (diabetes), cardiovascular system (stroke), joints (arthritis), and sepsis. The objective of this book is to provide knowledge transfer on the use of cannabinoids in inflammatory disease by critically examining preclinical and clinical research on the immunomodulatory actions of the endocannabinoid system, with specific emphasis on the actions of cannabinoids in diseases where inflammation is a prominent compo...

Distance learning education for mitigation/adaptation policy: a case study

The efficient training of young environmental scientists has proven to be a challenging goal over the last years, while several dynamic initiatives have been developed aiming to provide complete and consistent education. A successful example is the e-learning course for participants mainly coming from emerging economy countries ‘Development of mitigation/adaptation policy portfolios’ organised in the frame of the project Promitheas4: Knowledge transfer and research needs for preparing mitigation/adaptation policy portfolios, aiming to provide knowledge transfer, enhance new skills and competencies, using modern didactic approaches and learning technologies. The present paper addresses the experience and the results of these actions, which seem promising and encouraging and were broadly welcomed by the participants.

Government capacities and stakeholders: what facilitates ehealth legislation?

BackgroundNewly established high-technology areas such as eHealth require regulations regarding the interoperability of health information infrastructures and data protection. It is argued that government capacities as well as the extent to which public and private organizations participate in policy-making determine the level of eHealth legislation. Both explanatory factors are influenced by international organizations that provide knowledge transfer and encourage private actor participation.MethodsData analysis is based on the Global Observatory for eHealth - ATLAS eHealth country profiles which summarizes eHealth policies in 114 countries. Data analysis was carried out using two-component hurdle models with a truncated Poisson model for positive counts and a hurdle component model with a binomial distribution for zero or greater counts.ResultsThe analysis reveals that the participation of private organizations such as donors has negative effects on the level of eHealth legislation. The impact of public-private partnerships (PPPs) depends on the degree of government capacities already available and on democratic regimes. Democracies are more responsive to these new regulatory demands than autocracies. Democracies find it easier to transfer knowledge out of PPPs than autocracies. Government capacities increase the knowledge transfer effect of PPPs, thus leading to more eHealth legislation.ConclusionsAll international regimes – the WHO, the EU, and the OECD – promote PPPs in order to ensure the construction of a national eHealth infrastructure. This paper shows that the development of government capacities in the eHealth domain has to be given a higher priority than the establishment of PPPs, since the existence of some (initial) capacities is the sine qua non of further capacity building.

Technology transfer: combining educational resources and industrial experience

This paper presents a unique approach for training executives and professionals in e-business technologies. The approach, which de-obligates industrial offset credits, is used to provide knowledge transfer in countries that have industrial cooperation agreements with the USA. The approach forces public and private cooperation with private sector leadership; hence, the incentives are proper to ensure that appropriate value-added knowledge is transferred. The approach is demonstrated with an actual industrial cooperation project that was executed with the Boeing company in the Republic of China. The project was an overwhelming success, suggesting that this approach is useful for transferring knowledge to executives through international relationships.