Provenances Of Pinus Contorta Research Articles

Evaluation of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loudon) on a provenance plot situated in a formerly air-polluted area of the Krušné hory Mts. at the age of 34 years

The article evaluates 27 provenances of three subspecies of lodgepole pine on the Kovářská research plot (Krušné hory Mts.). The plot is part of a series of three established plots in various stand conditions. Two plots were already evaluated and the findings were published. At 34 years of age, we evaluated height, DBH, trunk shape, trunk forking, branch thickness, bark type, mortality, and defoliation. A total of 1,147 trees were measured. Above-average growth was achieved predominantly by the provenances of Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia (Engelmann ex S. Watson) Critchfield from middle elevations. In the Pinus contorta subsp. contorta Douglas ex Loudon, only the 2099 Port Orford provenance from Oregon demonstrated favourable results, and in the Pinus contorta subsp. murrayana (Balfour) Engelmann it was 2098 Chemult. High mortality was demonstrated mainly in the P. c. subsp. murrayana provenance from high mountainous elevations in California and P. c. subsp. contorta from coastal regions of Oregon. Provenances from middle elevations had relatively lower mortality, especially P. c. subsp. latifolia. The pines usually were of good quality although this was not the case for defoliation and branch thickness. In comparing all plots of the series, growth was fastest at the Sofronka location in western Bohemia and slowest at the south Bohemian Mláka location. Only the best provenances of lodgepole pine can equal the domestic Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus).

Degradation of the Polysaccharides in the Woods of Two Provenances ofPinus contortaduring Kraft Pulping

Wood samples from two provenances of Pinus contorta, from plantations in North Scotland, were subjected to sulphate pulping with varying charges of chemicals. Studies were carried out to establish the relationship between the severity of the pulping conditions and the nature and quality of the pulps produced. The pulps were analysed for their main chemical constituents and the composition of their polysaccharides. The monomers in the polysaccharides were determined by gle analysis. All galactose, most of the arabinose and mannose, and about half of the xylose residues present in the woods were lost during sulphate digestion. It is concluded that polysaccharides known as arabinogalactans and others known as glucomannans and galactoglucomannans were almost completely removed. while arabino-(4-O-methyl)glucuronoxylans with a low degree of substitution were relatively resistant to removal. The cellulose losses ranged from 17 to 28%, depending on the charge of chemicals in the cooking liquors. Woods from trees of the inland form of P. contorta showed lower losses of cellulose (17-21% against 21-28% of the coastal form).

Site index variation with latitude and altitude in IUFROPinus contortaprovenance experiments in western Canada and northern Sweden

Site index was calculated for 66 experimental plantations in western Canada and northern Sweden, containing a wide range of Pinus contorta provenances drawn from seed lots belonging to the IUFRO international provenance testing program. Growth data from recommended provenances were used to calculate the site index. Site index was defined as predicted average height of the 100 largest trees by diameter ha‐1 at age 50. Latitude and altitude explained 56% of site index variation by fitting the function: Site Index (m) = 99.8 ‐ 1.226 ∗ Latitude (°N) ‐ 0.01205 ∗ Altitude (m). The site index pattern indicated that forest productivity of the sites investigated decreased approximately by 0.8 m3 ha‐1 yr‐1 per one‐degree latitude northwards and per 100 m increase in altitude.

Krebsartige Erkrankung an Pinus contorta‐Herkünften

Abstract Canker in Pinus contorta provenances. In connection with canker of 9 Pinus contorta provenances the two discomycetous fungi, Crumenulopsis sororia and Lachnellularehmii, were identified. After artificial infections L. rehmii did not produce canker symptoms. Therefore only C. sororia is considered to be the primary parasite. The P. contorta provenances differed in their damage rate.

Verschiedene Provenienzen von Pinus contorta Loudon und Überflutungsstreß: Klassifikation auf Grund morphologischer und metabolischer Kriterien

The species Pinus contorta Loudon is classified as a flood-tolerant species by means of shoot growth measurements during a prolonged flooding experiment. Shoot growth data and mortality rates during experimental flooding as well as the root/shoot ratios of unflooded trees of different provenances reveal distinct ecotypes in flooding tolerance within the species Pinus contorta . A simple test on the flooding tolerance of these ecotypes is proposed. It is also possible to predict the behaviour of different ecotypes during a flooding stress by means of weighing shoots and roots of unflooded trees. Changes in the sugar content in roots, caused by flooding, are examined in different provenances of Pinus contorta . The data obtained, indicate a further metabolic distinction between flood-intolerant and flood-tolerant ecotypes.

An Analysis of Variability in Pinus contorta

Three methods of multivariate analysis are described, and are applied to nineteen variables measured on each of nine provenances of Pinus contorta . The analysis confirms the broad division of P. contorta into inland and coastal provenances, but suggests an independent classification which accounts for an even greater degree of botanical variation. A third classification shows promise of indicating provenances with desirable timber properties. The analysis also suggests that six botanical variables may be worth including in any wider survey of P. contorta provenances.