Proven Cause Research Articles

Minimal-invasive pain procedures are effective in different degenerative pain generators in CLBP: A prospective cohort study.

It is estimated that a significant number of spinal surgeries are performed, but many patients do not often benefit. Our aim was to determine how effective minimally invasive pain procedures (MIP) are in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients with proven degenerative causes (specific low back pain). 386 eligible patients with CLBP/sciatica resistant to conservative therapy and scheduled for open surgery were screened, and 167 could be enrolled in this study. Indications for MIP in the remaining 150 individuals were made by one experienced spinal surgeon. Before and 6 months after the intervention, the numeric rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were recorded. MIP was performed, such as radiofrequency of the facet and SI-joint, intradiscal electrothermal therapy in case of discogenic pain, as well as epidural neuroplasty in patients with disc herniation/epidural fibrosis. There was a statistically significant decrease in NRS (p< 0.05), as well as a significant increase in ODI (p< 0.001) 6 months after the procedures. This was also true for the results of all different pain generators and subsequent performed procedures alone. The indication of MIP should be routinely reviewed in patients with CLBP to avoid potentially open surgery and a burden on healthcare costs.

DIABETES INSIPIDUS AND HOMOEOPATHY

In the cases of diabetes insipidus there is no proven cause by which we can give complete relief to the patient so that in these cases we can give either give symptomatic treatment to the person or can take therapeutic approach for this disease condition. As it is idiopathic in origin most of the time, we can’t find the root cause of the disease. We must go with symptoms only. So according to patient’s need we can approach to homoeopathic medicine with therapeutic approach with symptomatology. As these medicines acts on symptoms only there is no further response to person ‘s health. KEY WORDS: Diabetes Insipidus, body fluid irregular, ADH, Role of medicine, symptomatic relief.

Outer membrane translocation of pyocins via the copper regulated TonB-dependent transporter CrtA.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of serious hospital-acquired infections, the leading proven cause of mortality in people with cystic fibrosis and is associated with high levels of antimicrobial resistance. Pyocins are narrow spectrum protein antibiotics produced by P. aeruginosa that kill strains of the same species and have the potential to be developed as therapeutics targeting multi-drug resistant isolates. We have identified two novel pyocins designated SX1 and SX2. Pyocin SX1 is a metal-dependent DNase while pyocin SX2 kills cells through inhibition of protein synthesis. Mapping the uptake pathways of SX1 and SX2 shows these pyocins utilize a combination of the common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) and a previously uncharacterized TonB-dependent transporter (TBDT) PA0434 to traverse the outer membrane. In addition, TonB1 and FtsH are required by both pyocins to energise their transport into cells and catalyse their translocation across the inner membrane, respectively. Expression of PA0434 was found to be specifically regulated by copper availability and we have designated PA0434 as Copper Responsive Transporter A, or CrtA. To our knowledge these are the first S-type pyocins described that utilize a TBDT that is not involved in iron uptake.

Levels of Radon in Soils of Dodoma City, Central Tanzania

Purpose: Humans receive radiation doses exceeding fifty percent (50%) of the total dose from natural sources as a result of inhaling radon and thoron gases and their daughters. Radon occurs naturally in soils and can diffuse into indoor environments leading to adverse health effects for inhabitants. In this study, measurement of levels of radon gas in soils was performed with the purpose of categorizing areas and highlighting the likelihood of high levels of radon in indoor environments.&#x0D; Design/Methodology/ Approach: The study targeted the environs of Dodoma where the rapid expansion of human settlements is ongoing or anticipated. For easy access and convenience, the study was conducted in areas located along main roads leading to the nearby towns/cities. Sampling was done by inserting the drilling rod to a depth of approximately one meter (1 m) below ground level with the aid of a heavy hammer. The alpha pump was used to suck the soil gas from the ground through a metallic tube (the capillary probe) and pressed it into the ionization chamber of the measuring instrument (AlphaGUARD). Radon concentration was read directly from the instrument’s display.&#x0D; Findings: It was found that radon concentrations in soil vary from 18.8 to 233.5 kBq.m-3. Based on the radon risk criterion, surveyed areas range from normal to high radon risk categories.&#x0D; Research Limitation/Implication: The study only covered a limited area in Dodoma City, and therefore the results may not be representative of the entire city or even the surrounding regions.&#x0D; Practical Implications: This study is useful in categorizing building areas based on radon risk criterion with the purpose of reducing possibilities of radon-related health risks; mainly lung cancer to the population.&#x0D; Social Implications: Radon is a proven cause of lung cancer in humans. Therefore, knowledge of radon levels in the study area will help in setting the mitigation measures necessary for public health protection.&#x0D; Originality / Value/ Novelty: The study demonstrates an approach for estimating radon levels in soils which is beneficial to current and future researchers, environmentalists and regulators, among others.

A multicenter retrospective study of calcineurin inhibitors in nephrotic syndrome secondary to podocyte gene variants

While 44-83% of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) without a proven genetic cause respond to treatment with a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), current guidelines recommend against the use of immunosuppression in monogenic SRNS. This is despite existing evidence suggesting that remission with CNI treatment is possible and can improve prognosis in some cases of monogenic SRNS. Herein, our retrospective study assessed response frequency, predictors of response and kidney function outcomes among children with monogenic SRNS treated with a CNI for at least three months. Data from 203 cases (age 0-18 years) were collected from 37 pediatric nephrology centers. Variant pathogenicity was reviewed by a geneticist, and 122 patients with a pathogenic and 19 with a possible pathogenic genotype were included in the analysis. After six months of treatment and at last visit, 27.6% and 22.5% of all patients respectively, demonstrated partial or full response. Achievement of at least partial response at six months of treatment conferred a significant reduction in kidney failure risk at last follow-up compared to no response (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.25, [0.10-0.62]). Moreover, risk of kidney failure was significantly lower when only those with a follow-up longer than two years were considered (hazard ratio 0.35, [0.14-0.91]). Higher serum albumin level at CNI initiation was the only factor related to increased likelihood of significant remission at six months (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.16, [1.08-1.24]). Thus, our findings justify a treatment trial with a CNI also in children with monogenic SRNS.

Metabolic indicators in diagnostics and prediction of course of subclinical and clinical mastitis in goats after parturition

The symptom complex of the inflammatory process in the udder was established in the process of clinical examination in 27.69±1.79 percentage of goats at the beginning of lactation. In the early postpartum period, in sick goats with catarrhal or serous mastitis, a decrease in buffer bases, glucose concentration, and the VH/AcAc coefficient were found. The content of total protein is reduced by 1.22 times, and the level of albumin is reduced by 1.51 times. The indices of AST and ALT, CHF, with catarrhal mastitis are reduced, and the indices of LDH are increased relative to other groups of animals studied, which indicates that the destabilization of metabolite metabolism during the functioning of the liver is included in the pathological process. The level of ceruloplasmin ranged from 7.97 to 141.6 mg / dl, in the blood of goats with clinical mastitis, while with subclinical mastitis from 6.74 to 89.14 mg / dl, and in the control group (clinically healthy) was in range from 9.32 to 46.137 mg/dL. Significant differences were obtained in a positive test for the level of ceruloplasmin and Creactive protein in goats with mastitis. In goats with subclinical mastitis, the level of the studied hormones was within the confidence interval, which allows us to consider hormonal imbalance as a proven cause of subclinical, catarrhal, serous mastitis and the likelihood of hormone dependence of udder inflammation in goats shortly after birth. In animals with subclinical mastitis and with clinical signs of catarrhal or serous mastitis, an increase in the level of diene conjugates by 1.87 times, and the concentration of intermediate products of ketodienes and conjugated triune’s by 1.75 times. By 38.0% of the concentration of stable metabolites of nitric oxide and a decrease of 13.1% in the content of vitamin E. In the blood of progesterone and estradiol, as well as the LPO-AOD systems, have a sufficiently high diagnostic value, allowing monitoring the course of the pathological process in the udder of goats and monitoring the treatment protocol.

Correlation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of PRM1, PRM2, PYGO2, and DAZL Genes with Male Infertility in North West of Iran.

Almost half of infertility is related to male factors. Although the effect of genetic factors on male infertility is identified, about 30%-50% still has no proven cause and is classified as idiopathic infertility. This study was performed to investigate the correlation of some single nucleotide polymorphisms of PYGO2, DAZL, PRM1, and PRM2 genes with male infertility in idiopathic cases among the Iranian population. In this case-control study, 120 idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligospermia patients in the range of 25-45 years and 120 fertile men in the same age range were recruited as case and control groups, respectively. Eight different single nucleotide polymorphisms including PRM1 rs737008, PRM1 rs423668, PRM2 rs1646022, PRM2 rs11645592, PYGO2 rs141722381, PYGO2rs61758741, DAZL rs75931701, and DAZL rs188506466 were genotyped by using ampli ficat ion-r efrac tory mutation system polymerase chain reaction methods. Hardy-Weinberg was calculated by using online website. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was applied for statistical analysis. P value <.05 was considered significant. Thirty percent of the samples were regenotyped to confirm the obtained results. The obtained results showed a significant correlation between PYGO2 rs141722381 in the heterozygote form (odds ratio: 2.803, 95% CI: 1.397-5.626). Heterozygote over-dominance was also observed in this variant (odds ratio: 2.637, 95%CI: 1.321-5.264). There was no significant association between other studied single nucleotide polymorphisms and male infertility. This study proposed a novel single nucleotide polymorphism as a predisposition of male infertility among the Iranian population, but more studies in larger populations are needed to confirm the results.

The Role of Genetics in Central Precocious Puberty: Confirmed and Potential Neuroendocrine Genetic and Epigenetic Contributors and Their Interactions with Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)

Despite the growing prevalence of central precocious puberty (CPP), most cases are still diagnosed as “idiopathic” due to the lack of identifiable findings of other diagnostic etiology. We are gaining greater insight into some key genes affecting neurotransmitters and receptors and how they stimulate or inhibit gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic influences. Although the genetic contributions to pubertal regulation are more established in the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) literature, cases of CPP have provided the opportunity to learn more about its own genetic influences. There have been clinically confirmed cases of CPP associated with gene mutations in kisspeptin and its receptor (KISS1, KISS1R), Delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1), and the now most commonly identified genetic cause of CPP, makorin ring finger protein (MKRN3). In addition to these proven genetic causes, a number of other candidates continue to be evaluated. After reviewing the basic clinical aspects of puberty, we summarize what is known about the various genetic and epigenetic causes of CPP as well as discuss some of the potential effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on some of these processes.

Quantitative Spectrophotometric Analysis of Celecoxib and Tramadol in Their Multimodal Analgesia Combination Tablets.

Pain is a global, complex health problem that includes physical, emotional, and social components. The pain management process has many goals, including patient satisfaction, reducing clinical complications, and lowering costs. The physician describes pain medications in terms of the proven cause and classification of the severity of the pain. The combination of celecoxib and tramadol was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2021 for the treatment of acute pain in adults. This paper presents the first published quantitative analytical methods for celecoxib and tramadol. The UV absorption spectra of celecoxib and tramadol showed strong overlap. Mathematical simultaneous equation and ratio difference methods were developed to resolve the spectral overlap and quantify the drugs in the combination mixture. In the simultaneous equation method, the absorbance and absorptivity values at 252 and 217 nm were used to construct two mathematical equations that were used for the simultaneous mathematical quantification of the above drugs. The mathematical manipulation of the ratio difference based on the calculation of the differences in the amplitude values between 250 and 280 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of celecoxib, and the differences in the amplitude values between 221 and 272 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of tramadol. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the selective quantitative analysis of celecoxib and tramadol in the synthetic mixtures and in the pharmaceutical tablets without interference from the tablet additives. The applied methods demonstrated good linearity in the concentration range of 1-20 µg/mL and 3-45 µg/mL for celecoxib and tramadol, respectively, with acceptable accuracy and precision. The methods were found to be sensitive with LOD values of 0.183 µg/mL and 0.626 µg/mL for celecoxib and tramadol, respectively, in simultaneous equation method and of 0.275 µg/mL and 0.772 µg/mL for celecoxib and tramadol, respectively, in ratio difference method. The first established simple and validated UV spectrophotometric methods were described for concurrent quantification of the celecoxib and tramadol in their recently approved pharmaceutical formulation.

Criterion Validity of Radon Test Values Reported by a Commercial Laboratory versus the Environmental Protection Agency.

Objective: Radon exposure is a proven cause of lung cancer and is a possible cause of other diseases. Recently, several ecologic studies explored the correlation of county-wide incidence rates for non-lung cancers with residential radon levels, using radon data reported by a commercial laboratory. However, the validity of the commercial radon data, i.e., whether they are an accurate representation of the radon levels in the counties from which they were drawn, is unknown. Methods: We compared county-wide radon data from the commercial laboratory with corresponding measurements from the same counties reported previously by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Matching data were available for four states, Iowa, North Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin, and were compared by paired t-tests. Criterion validity of the commercial tests, i.e., how well the commercial data predicted the EPA data, was tested using non-parametric methods, Kendall’s tau, Lin’s concordance, and Passing–Bablok regression. Results: The commercial and EPA data pairs from the four states were significantly positively correlated, although the size of the correlations was modest (tau = 0.490, Lin = 0.600). Passing–Bablok regression indicated that the commercial radon values were significantly higher than their EPA pairs and significantly overestimated radon at low levels (<4 pCi/L, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The commercial laboratory data were moderately predictive of EPA radon levels at the county level but were significantly biased upwards at low levels. The disagreement likely has several causes, including selection bias from homes that were tested voluntarily. Ecologic studies that employ radon data obtained from commercial laboratories should be interpreted with caution.

Coconut waste fiber used as brake pad reinforcement polymer composite and compared to standard Kevlar‐based brake pads to produce an asbestos free brake friction material

AbstractThe awareness of eco‐friendly materials has increased the demand for natural fibers. Natural fibers have many advantages over other materials like short growing time, easy availability, cheap, and eco‐friendly with good mechanical properties. WHO has announced that trending materials have many side effects on the environment and on human beings. Asbestos has been already a proven cause of many cancers. In this research Coconut fiber, a natural fiber has been used in the brake pad as a brake friction material. The different percentage of Coconut fiber 2‐8 wt% was used to develop new brake pad samples and that compared to standard brake pad material (Kevlar with 2%–4%). The results of physic‐mechanical properties reveal that tensile modulus, ultimate compressive strength, impact energy, and flexural strength were showing good performance at 2% polymer composites matrix, and ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, and proof showing good performance at 6% fibers contents in brake pad composites. Thermal stability for Coconut fiber fibers composites increases with increases the fiber contents.

Результати дослідження властивостей ротової рідини в осіб підліткового та юнацького віку, які палять

It is known that smoking is one of the current social and medical problems of today, a proven cause of many serious diseases — a risk factor for more than 20 diseases, which account for almost 75% of the causes of mortality (cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, dental, etc.). Ukraine ranks 17th in the world in terms of cigarette consumption. It is worrying that this bad habit is very common among children and adolescents, because adolescence is crucial in terms of worldview, life values, attitudes to bad habits, including smoking. More than 500 000 young people join this bad habit every year. It has been established that the components of tobacco smoke affect the mucous membrane of the oral cavity both directly and indirectly — toxic substances enter the salivary glands with the bloodstream and are excreted with saliva in the oral cavity. Changes in oral fluid may be the first signs of disease caused by a bad habit. Oral fluid can act as a diagnostic indicator that reflects the condition of the organs of the oral cavity and the whole body, as well as to predict the course of the disease, to assess the effectiveness of treatment. Purpose — to study the properties of oral fluid in in teenagers and young adults who smoke. Materials and methods. The properties of oral fluid (rate of salivation, pH, buffer capacity and viscosity of oral fluid) in 114 adolescents and adolescents aged 15 to 24 years, which were divided into groups: Group I included 26 people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes; in group II — 22 people who regularly smoke electronic cigarettes (Weipi); in group III — 23 people who regularly smoke tobacco heating devices (IQOS); in group IV — 43 people, without a bad habit of smoking. Results. When studying the properties of oral fluid in adolescents and young adults, the dependence of its indicators on the presence of a bad habit and type of smoking was revealed. Adolescents and adolescents who smoke both traditional and alternative types of cigarettes in the oral cavity have a decrease in the level of functional reactions that are responsible for the homeostasis of the oral cavity and depend on the type of cigarettes. Analysis of changes in the biophysical parameters of oral fluid indicate a decrease in the level of functional reserves of the oral cavity. Conclusions. Тeenagers and young adults who smoke have changes in the biophysical parameters of oral fluid. Oral fluids can be an early prognostic test to assess the condition of the oral cavity in adolescents and adolescents who smoke. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: oral fluid, biophysical indicators, teenager, young adult, smoking.

Incidence And Characteristics Of Urinary Tract Infections Among Febrile Children In Early Childhood

Introduction: Fever is the most common cause for concern for parents and a reason to seek help from a GP or emergency centers. The high temperature in children in most cases is short-lived and is a protective reaction that stops or slows down the development of many microorganisms, stimulates the immune response, and provides rest to the sick child. Negative effects are dehydration, hypovolemia, hyperthermic seizures in childhood, hypotension to collapse. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can occur only with fever or with fever and non-specific symptoms such as malaise, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Antibiotic treatment for fever without a proven cause may mask an existing urinary tract infection. Aim : The aim of this article is to review the scientific literature for a period of 40 years on the incidence of UTIs in infancy and early childhood in children with fever. Methods: Analysis of Bulgarian and foreign literature sources according to the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for a period of 40 years has been conducted. Results: The analysis of the data from the scientific literature showed that the frequency of UTI varies depending on gender and age. In most studies, the incidence of UTI in febrile children under 24 months of age, both sexes, with or without additional symptoms of UTI, was between 5% and 15%. In boys, the prevalence is highest in the first 3 months of life and then shows a declining trend, while in girls the prevalence is highest in the first 12 months of life. There is evidence in the literature that fever (rectal temperature ≥ 39°C) and uncircumcised status are more likely to be linked to UTI in boys. E. coli is the most common bacterial infection in early childhood and is the leading cause of UTI in this age group. Conclusion : The GP needs to make efforts to educate parents on the diagnosis, consequences and appropriate treatment of obscure febrile conditions, and UTI should be excluded. It is necessary to pay attention to the method of measuring the temperature, the differences in the values in the different measuring points. In this aspect, the GP should perform an in-depth analysis for early diagnosis of UTI in all boys under 12 months of age and girls under 24 months of age with unexplained fever, temperature above ≥ 38°C measured rectally for 3 minutes.

Assessment of cochlear function in children with sickle cell anemia

Background: Sickle cell disease is characterized by vaso-occlusion which leads to impaired blood supply to several organs. The cochlear in particular has been known to be highly sensitive to anoxia which is, in turn, a proven cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Early detection of hearing loss is paramount in these patients, as the cochlear ischemic damage is repetitive and progressive. Once the damage is sufficiently enough to cause noticeable hearing loss, the loss is mostly substantial and irreversible. Otoacoustic emission is useful in detecting early cochlear damage. Materials and Methods: Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) (HbSS) aged between 1 and 12 years diagnosed by hemoglobin electrophoresis and equal number of controls matched (HbAA) matched for age and sex were recruited for the study. All participants underwent a detailed ear, nose, and throat examination and tympanometry. Those with normal middle ear function were further subjected to transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) testing. Results: There were 60 patients with SCA (cases) and 60 controls. The age of the participants ranged between 1–12 years with a mean of 6.5 ± 3.74 among the cases and 7.02 ± 3.54 among the controls. The male–female ratio was 0.9:1. Among participants with normal middle ear function, TEOAE was abnormal in 43 (48.8%) ears of the cases and 70 (73.7%) ears of the controls. There was a statistically significant difference in abnormal TEOAEs outcome between cases and the control group (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Children with SCA had a high rate of abnormal cochlear function. Therefore, there is a need for periodic monitoring of cochlear function in these patients so as to detect and treat SNHL early.

Detection of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in slaughtered sheep

Neospora caninum is a protozoan that causes reproductive disorders in herbivores. Domestic and wild dogs have been considered its definitive hosts, and when these animals are affected, they may suffer from a neuromuscular disease. Recently, this infection has also gained significance in small ruminants. Although neosporosis is already a proven cause of mortality in lambs and congenital infection can occur, this parasite has only recently been considered a cause of abortion in these animals. The aim of this study was to detect anti- N. caninum antibodies in slaughtered sheep. Serum samples (n = 100) collected in a slaughterhouse located in the municipality of Palmeira dos Indios (09°24’26” S and 36°37’39” W), state of Alagoas, northeastern Brazil, were used in this study. Anti- N. caninum antibodies were detected by means of the Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). The cut-off point was set at 50 and samples were titrated up to 800. Anti- N. caninum antibodies were detected in 13% (13/100) of the tested samples, 7.69% of which came from male sheep (1/13) and 92.31% (12/13) from females. Titers ranged from 50 to 800, with the majority of animals (46.15%; 6/13) presenting the maximum one (i.e., 800). Data herein reported demonstrated the circulation of N. caninum parasites among sheep in the study area. These findings are pivotal to improve the knowledge about the dynamics of this pathogen in an ovine population. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt sanitary measures to prevent infection by this parasite and thus reduce its economic impact on ovine production.

A blood-based host gene expression assay for early detection of respiratory viral infection: an index-cluster prospective cohort study

BackgroundEarly and accurate identification of individuals with viral infections is crucial for clinical management and public health interventions. We aimed to assess the ability of transcriptomic biomarkers to identify naturally acquired respiratory viral infection before typical symptoms are present.MethodsIn this index-cluster study, we prospectively recruited a cohort of undergraduate students (aged 18–25 years) at Duke University (Durham, NC, USA) over a period of 5 academic years. To identify index cases, we monitored students for the entire academic year, for the presence and severity of eight symptoms of respiratory tract infection using a daily web-based survey, with symptoms rated on a scale of 0–4. Index cases were defined as individuals who reported a 6-point increase in cumulative daily symptom score. Suspected index cases were visited by study staff to confirm the presence of reported symptoms of illness and to collect biospecimen samples. We then identified clusters of close contacts of index cases (ie, individuals who lived in close proximity to index cases, close friends, and partners) who were presumed to be at increased risk of developing symptomatic respiratory tract infection while under observation. We monitored each close contact for 5 days for symptoms and viral shedding and measured transcriptomic responses at each timepoint each day using a blood-based 36-gene RT-PCR assay.FindingsBetween Sept 1, 2009, and April 10, 2015, we enrolled 1465 participants. Of 264 index cases with respiratory tract infection symptoms, 150 (57%) had a viral cause confirmed by RT-PCR. Of their 555 close contacts, 106 (19%) developed symptomatic respiratory tract infection with a proven viral cause during the observation window, of whom 60 (57%) had the same virus as their associated index case. Nine viruses were detected in total. The transcriptomic assay accurately predicted viral infection at the time of maximum symptom severity (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0·94 [95% CI 0·92–0·96]), as well as at 1 day (0·87 [95% CI 0·84–0·90]), 2 days (0·85 [0·82–0·88]), and 3 days (0·74 [0·71–0·77]) before peak illness, when symptoms were minimal or absent and 22 (62%) of 35 individuals, 25 (69%) of 36 individuals, and 24 (82%) of 29 individuals, respectively, had no detectable viral shedding.InterpretationTranscriptional biomarkers accurately predict and diagnose infection across diverse viral causes and stages of disease and thus might prove useful for guiding the administration of early effective therapy, quarantine decisions, and other clinical and public health interventions in the setting of endemic and pandemic infectious diseases.FundingUS Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Position Statement from Korean Endocrine Society and Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology.

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is caused by congenital or acquired causes and occurs in childhood or adulthood. GH replacement therapy brings benefits to body composition, exercise capacity, skeletal health, cardiovascular outcomes, and quality of life. Before initiating GH replacement, GH deficiency should be confirmed through proper stimulation tests, and in cases with proven genetic causes or structural lesions, repeated GH stimulation testing is not necessary. The dosing regimen of GH replacement therapy should be individualized, with the goal of minimizing side effects and maximizing clinical improvements. The Korean Endocrine Society and the Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology have developed a position statement on the diagnosis and treatment of GH deficiency. This position statement is based on a systematic review of evidence and expert opinions.

OPTIMALISASI WAKTU PROYEK DENGANMENGGUNAKAN METODE CPM DAN PROBABILITAS WAKTU 3 DURASI (Studi Kasus Proyek Pembangunan Mall Laves Grand Sungkono Lagoon Surabaya)

There is many aspects of uncertainty on the project has led to accuracy in the preparation of the project schedule, Leading to the need scheduling analysis with probability 3 duration so that the different as a supporter who affect in duration total settlement in a project can be controlled and are not too late .An arrangement of scheduling existing on the project mall laves proven cause place aside of uncertainties aspects, so with using cpm method and probability of 3 duration to find the end of the project total duration of the most effective and efficient, the existing of project duration is 500 days the project start on 7 july 2018 and end on 1 december 2019 change into 694 days total duration and project start on the same existing duration project is on 6 july 2018 and end on 26 september 2020 with the deviation time of the day or about 194 days or around 6,5 month. The activities thats on the critical line is structure installment activities (like concrete foundation, concrete beam, concrete column, slab and concrete emergency ladder), ground activities (like cutting of the head of pile),elevator installment activities.

Colorectal cancer: The epigenetic role of microbiome.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men (746000 cases per year) and the second most common cancer in women globally (614000 cases per year). The incidence rate of CRC in developed countries (737000 cases per year) is higher than that in less developed countries (624000 cases per year). CRC can arise from genetic causes such as chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability. Several etiologic factors underlie CRC including age, diet, and lifestyle. Gut microbiota represent a proven cause of the disease, where they play pivotal roles in modulating and reshaping the host epigenome. Several active microbial metabolites have been found to drive carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis via modifying both the methylation landscape along with histone structure in intestinal cells. Gut microbiota, in response to diet, can exert both beneficial and harmful functions in humans, according to the intestinal balance of number and types of these bacteria. Although the intestinal microbial community is diverse among individuals, these microbes cumulatively produce 100-fold more proteins than the human genome itself, which calls for further studies to elaborate on the complicated interaction between these microorganisms and intestinal cells. Therefore, understanding the exact role that gut microbiota play in inducing CRC will help attain reliable strategies to precisely diagnose and treat this fatal disease.

Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Herbal Medicaments and Synthetic Medicaments Against Enterococcus faecalis using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Periradicular bacterial infections are the proven cause of the failure of endodontic treatment. When the pulp canal gets infected or becomes necrotic, bacterial growth takes place in the form of biofilms and aggregates. During the endodontic procedure, bacterial colonies are disrupted, and the microbial load is reduced by biomechanical preparation, cleaning with anti-microbial solutions, and placing anti-bacterial medicaments in the root canal. These anti-microbial substances are synthetic, having a cytotoxicity effect. In recent times, herbal medicines are an alternative medicine being used increasingly as an intra-canal medicament to fight or prevent common endodontic infections.AimThe objective of this study is to compare the anti-bacterial efficacy of herbal medicaments and synthetic medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).Materials and methodsThis was an in-vitro study in which a total of 60 teeth specimens (n=60) were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Specimens were divided into six groups (Group 1: Piper nigrum (Piperaceae); Group 2: Piper longum (Piperaceae); Group 3: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae); Group 4: Calcium hydroxide; Group 5: 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX); and Group 6: saline (negative control). The intra-canal medicaments were packed inside the tooth. After five days, the remaining microbial load was determined by using real-time PCR.ResultsThe threshold cycle (Ct) values of Piper nigrum, Piper longum, dried ginger extract, 2% CHX, calcium hydroxide, and saline were found to be 21.36, 20.55, 22.14, 22.51, 23.62, and 17.81, respectively. The obtained mean bacterial load of these products was 8.64, 12.52, 7.23, 0.82, 0.14, and 149.49, respectively.ConclusionTwo percent CHX showed high antibacterial activity against E. faecalis followed by calcium hydroxide, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Piper nigrum, Piper longum, and saline.