Prototype Gun Research Articles

Electron-Optic System With a Converged Sheet Electron Beam for a 0.2-THz Traveling-Wave Tube

This article presents the results of a design study of an electron-optic system (EOS) for a sheet-beam ${G}$ -band traveling-wave tube. An electron gun providing a 0.1-A, 20-kV sheet beam emitted by a 0.8 mm $\times0.8$ mm curved cylindrical cathode is designed. The beam dimensions at waist position are 0.05 mm $\times0.8$ mm with a compression ratio of 16 in the vertical direction. A magnetic system providing 1.1 T magnetic field, which is nearly seven times higher than the Brillouin field, is designed, and beam transmission in the 0.1 mm $\times0.85$ mm beam tunnel is studied by 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. It is demonstrated that the beam has a complex structure of particle distribution, i.e., a high-density central part (core) and a peripheral low-density part (halo). The effect of assembly tolerance on beam transmission is studied. The prototype gun is fabricated, which compresses the beam to 0.1 mm by electrostatic field only. The 135-mA current with 95% transmission through the 0.2-mm anode aperture is measured.

Design of a high repetition rate S-band photocathode gun

Photocathode RF guns have been developed in many laboratories for generating high quality electron beams for free-electron lasers based on linear accelerators. Such guns can generate electron beams with an exceptionally high peak current as well as a small transverse emittance. Their applications have been recently expanded for ultrafast electron diffraction, coherent terahertz radiation, and X-ray or γ ‐ ray radiation by Compton scattering. In this paper, we design an S-band normal-conducting gun with capabilities of high quality beam generation and high repetition rate operation. The RF design and thermal analysis of the gun cavity and coupler are introduced. Optimal position of the gun focusing solenoid for low emittance beam generation is found by performing particle tracking simulations. Then, the gun system is designed to be able to afford the optimal solenoid position. The cooling-water channel surrounding the gun cavity and coupler is designed and analyzed numerically. The pressure in the gun is simulated with a vacuum model containing the detailed inner structure of the gun. An injector for a free-electron laser application is designed by using this gun and the beam dynamics simulation is shown. A cold test with a prototype gun for confirmation of the RF design is reported.

Status of the high brightness polarized electron source using transmission photocathode

Recently, we have developed a transmission-type polarized electron sources (PES)s for the generation of a high brightness beam. The developed PES can applied the extraction voltage of 20 kV at 4 mm electrode-gap and enables to realize the source beam radius of a few micro meter. As the results of prototype gun experiments, the brightness of ∼2 × 107 A.cm−2.sr−1 and a charge density lifetime of 1.8 × 108 C.cm−2 were obtained. A maximum polarization of ~90 % and quantum efficiency of 0.09 % was achieved simultaneously using the transmission photocathode with GaAs-GaAsP strained superlattice layers. Up to now, another two electron gun was manufactured, and those mechanical designs are almost same as that of the prototype. The prototype gun and the second gun have been already operated for the photocathode R&D and for the Spin-LEEM application, respectively. In the near future, further experiments are prepared by using the third gun.

A contoured gap coaxial plasma gun with injected plasma armature

A new coaxial plasma gun is described. The long term objective is to accelerate 100-200 microg of plasma with density above 10(17) cm(-3) to greater than 200 km/s with a Mach number above 10. Such high velocity dense plasma jets have a number of potential fusion applications, including plasma refueling, magnetized target fusion, injection of angular momentum into centrifugally confined mirrors, high energy density plasmas, and others. The approach uses symmetric injection of high density plasma into a coaxial electromagnetic accelerator having an annular gap geometry tailored to prevent formation of the blow-by instability. The injected plasma is generated by numerous (currently 32) radially oriented capillary discharges arranged uniformly around the circumference of the angled annular injection region of the accelerator. Magnetohydrodynamic modeling identified electrode profiles that can achieve the desired plasma jet parameters. The experimental hardware is described along with initial experimental results in which approximately 200 microg has been accelerated to 100 km/s in a half-scale prototype gun. Initial observations of 64 merging injector jets in a planar cylindrical testing array are presented. Density and velocity are presently limited by available peak current and injection sources. Steps to increase both the drive current and the injected plasma mass are described for next generation experiments.

4881033 Noise-reduced synthetic T2 weighted images

Photocathode RF guns have been developed in many laboratories for generating high quality electron beams for free-electron lasers based on linear accelerators. Such guns can generate electron beams with an exceptionally high peak current as well as a small transverse emittance. Their applications have been recently expanded for ultrafast electron diffraction, coherent terahertz radiation, and X-ray or γ‐ray radiation by Compton scattering. In this paper, we design an S-band normal-conducting gun with capabilities of high quality beam generation and high repetition rate operation. The RF design and thermal analysis of the gun cavity and coupler are introduced. Optimal position of the gun focusing solenoid for low emittance beam generation is found by performing particle tracking simulations. Then, the gun system is designed to be able to afford the optimal solenoid position. The cooling-water channel surrounding the gun cavity and coupler is designed and analyzed numerically. The pressure in the gun is simulated with a vacuum model containing the detailed inner structure of the gun. An injector for a free-electron laser application is designed by using this gun and the beam dynamics simulation is shown. A cold test with a prototype gun for confirmation of the RF design is reported.

A univoltage electrostatic lens for television cathode-ray tubes

The need to conserve stocks of scarce materials has prompted an investigation into the possibility of using an electrostatic focusing system for magnetically scanned television picture tubes. Such a lensfocusing system, requiring only a low voltage for focus, would be desirable; if the voltage is that of the cathode, the lens is termed a univoltage lens.The design considerations are discussed and a prototype gun is described. The characteristics of tubes using this type of gun are given and compared with those of standard magnetically focused tubes.The results at present available indicate that mass-production tubes operated with a final-anode potential below about 12 kV will require a low adjustable focusing-voltage supply. This is necessary for adequate resolution in all tubes. For final-anode voltages above 12 kV it is expected that good resolution can be maintained with the focus electrode connected to the cathode, notwithstanding the minor dimensional variations which will occur in bulk production.