High Protein Research Articles

A Systematic Review: Assessment of the Metabolomic Profile and Anti-Nutritional Factors of Cannabis sativa as a Feed Additive for Ruminants

Background: Cannabis sativa is a high-value crop that can be cultivated for ruminant’s feed and medicinal purposes. The demand for Cannabis and Cannabis products has increased since the beginning of 21st century. Objectives: The increase in the production cost of high-protein feeds such as lucerne has led to an urgent need to investigate alternative high-protein sources. Methods: Cannabis has been identified as an alternative to lucerne due to its high protein content. Results: However, the cultivation and uses of Cannabis and its by-products in South Africa is limited due to the strict legislation. The metabolites and nutritional value of Cannabis are influenced by growing conditions and soil type. Furthermore, the available literature has shown that Cannabis contains anti-nutritional factors that may affect feed intake or bioavailability and digestibility. Conclusion: Therefore, it is crucial to employ a processing method that can reduce anti-nutritional factors to promote the feed intake and growth rate of sheep. Fermentation, as a processing method, can reduce anti-nutritional factors found in Cannabis, which will make it a palatable alternative feed supplement for ruminants such as Dorper sheep. Overall, this review paper aimed to examine the available literature on the use of Cannabis as an alternative high-protein feed supplement for Dorper sheep in South Africa.

DiffInt: A Diffusion Model for Structure-Based Drug Design with Explicit Hydrogen Bond Interaction Guidance.

The design of drug molecules is a critical stage in the drug discovery process. The structure-based drug design has long played an important role in efficient development. Significant progress has been made in recent years in the generation of 3D molecules via deep generation models. However, while many existing models have succeeded in incorporating structural information on target proteins, they have not been able to address important interactions between protein and drug molecules, especially hydrogen bonds. In this study, we propose DiffInt as a novel structure-based approach that explicitly addresses interactions. The model naturally incorporates hydrogen bonds between protein and ligand molecules by treating them as pseudoparticles. The experimental results show that DiffInt reproduces hydrogen bonds, and the hydrogen binding energies significantly outperform those of existing models. To facilitate the use of our tool for generating new drug molecules based on any protein's three-dimensional structure, we have made the source code and trained model available on GitHub (https://github.com/sekijima-lab/DiffInt) under the MIT license, with the execution environment provided on Google Colab.

RNA Stability: A Review of the Role of Structural Features and Environmental Conditions

The stability of RNA is a critical factor in determining its functionality and degradation in the cell. In recent years, it has been shown that the stability of RNA depends on a complex interaction of external and internal factors. External conditions, such as temperature fluctuations, the level of acidity of the environment, the presence of various substances and ions, as well as the effects of oxidative stress, can change the structure of RNA and affect its stability. Internal factors, including the specific structural features of RNA and its interactions with protein molecules, also have a significant impact on the regulation of the stability of these molecules. In this article, we review the main factors influencing RNA stability, since understanding the factors influencing this extremely complex process is important not only for understanding the regulation of expression at the RNA level but also for developing new methods for isolating and stabilizing RNA in preparation for creating biobanks of genetic material. We reviewed a modern solution to this problem and formulated basic recommendations for RNA storage aimed at minimizing degradation and damage to the molecule.

Antioxidant Activity and DPP-IV Inhibitory Effect of Fish Protein Hydrolysates Obtained from High-Pressure Pretreated Mixture of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Rest Raw Material

The use of fish rest raw material for the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) through enzymatic hydrolysis has received significant interest in recent decades. Peptides derived from fish proteins are known for their enhanced bioactivity which is mainly influenced by their molecular weight. Studies have shown that novel technologies, such as high-pressure processing (HPP), can effectively modify protein structures leading to increased biological activity. This study investigated the effect of various HPP conditions on the molecular weight distribution, antioxidant activity, and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory effect of FPH derived from a mixture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rest raw material. Six different treatments were applied to the samples before enzymatic hydrolysis; 200 MPa × 4 min, 200 MPa × 8 min, 400 MPa × 4 min, 400 MPa × 8 min, 600 MPa × 4 min, and 600 MPa × 8 min. The antioxidant and DPP-IV inhibitory effects of the extracted FPH were measured both in vitro and at cellular level utilizing human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The results indicated that low and moderate pressures (200 and 400 MPa) increased the proportion of larger peptides (2–5 kDa) in the obtained FPH, while treatment at 600 MPa × 4 min resulted in a higher proportion of smaller peptides (1–2 kDa). Furthermore, HPP led to the formation of peptides that demonstrated increased antioxidant activity in Caco-2 cells compared to the control, whereas their potential antidiabetic activity remained unaffected.

Starch to protein ratio and food moisture content influence water balance and urine supersaturation in cats.

Two starch to protein ratios (high starch [HS], 25% starch and 36% protein; high protein [HP], 15% starch and 53% protein on DM basis) and two moisture contents (5%, dry kibbles; 80%, wet food) were compared in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement totaling 4 diets. Each diet was evaluated in 9 cats, with 8 d of total collection of urine and feces. Results were subjected to an analysis of variance of the effects of starch to protein ratio, moisture content and their interactions (P<0.05). Urine density was lower and volume was higher in cats fed wet foods (P<0.01). Calcium (Ca) urine concentration was higher for dry and HP diets (P<0.05). The oxalate urine concentration was 60% higher for cats fed both HS formulations (dry and wet; P<0.05). The relative supersaturation (RSS) of urine for calcium oxalate was higher for dry foods and HS formulations (P<0.01), and for struvite, it was lower for both wet foods, and among the dry diets, it was lower for the HS than for the HP formulation (P<0.01). Foods with a high protein-to-starch ratio reduced urine oxalate and RSS for calcium oxalate in wet and dry diets, and wet foods reduced RSS for calcium oxalate and struvite.

Application of AprX from Pseudomonas paralactis for the improvement of the emulsifying properties of milk, plant and insect protein and estimation of their hydrolysate’s bitter potential

AbstractProtein properties can be modified by selective enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, the alkaline metalloendopeptidase AprX (Serralysin; EC 3.4.24.40) from Pseudomonas paralactis was used for the tailored hydrolysis of different food proteins resulting in the production of protein hydrolysates with improved emulsifying properties. Sodium caseinate, wheat gluten and buffalo worm protein were used for AprX hydrolysis at 40 °C and pH 8 to cover a spectrum of different protein sources. A maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 13.1 ± 0.2%, 14.2 ± 0.1% and 20.7 ± 0.1% was reached for sodium caseinate, wheat gluten and the worm protein, respectively. The corresponding hydrolysate properties were analyzed regarding their particle size, peptide composition, solubility, viscosity, surface hydrophobicity and interfacial tension. The emulsifying properties were investigated by the oil-droplet size, ζ-potential and stability of emulsions prepared from the hydrolysates. Using partially hydrolyzed sodium caseinate (DH = 10.6%) as an emulsifier lead to an eightfold increase of the emulsion stability (t1/2 = 180 ± 0 min) compared to unhydrolyzed sodium caseinate. The emulsion stability using wheat gluten hydrolysates (DH = 11.9%) was increased 30-fold (t1/2 = 45 ± 5 min). Simultaneously, the solubility of gluten was increased by 60%. Buffalo worm hydrolysates (DH = 14.6%) had a twofold (t1/2 = 85 ± 5 min) increased emulsion stability. In conclusion, AprX can be used to improve the solubility and emulsifying properties of food proteins at a relatively high DH.

Effects of salt concentration, temperature, and blanching time on insect protein extraction yield: optimisation by response surface methodology

Abstract This study aimed to optimise the protein extraction yield from black soldier fly larvae by employing a blanching process to enhance protein solubility and mitigate oxidation. Through response surface methodology, we determined the optimal blanching conditions, with the temperature set at 85.152 °C, a duration of 12.411 s, and a sodium chloride concentration of 0.46 M. These parameters were selected to maximise protein solubility while minimising oxidation. The results of this study reveal significant improvements in protein functionality after blanching, particularly with respect to increased emulsification stability. Notably, no significant effect on foam formation was observed. These findings underscore the efficacy of blanching as a pre-processing step to enhance the quality of proteins extracted from black soldier fly larvae. Moreover, these optimised conditions have promising applications in various food and feed formulations, contributing to sustainable protein sourcing and processing methods. By addressing key challenges related to food security and environmental sustainability, this study provides valuable insights into the utilisation of insect proteins as an alternative protein source in the face of global challenges, such as climate change and dwindling natural resources.

Isolation, Characterization, and Proteomic Analysis of Crude and Purified Extracellular Vesicles Extracted from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) play vital roles in plant–pathogen interactions; however, the isolation of purified Foc TR4-EVs and their pathogenicity and proteomic profiles are not well studied. This study aims to isolate and characterize purified Foc TR4-EVs and compare their pathogenic effects and protein profiles with crude TR4-EVs. Foc TR4-EVs were isolated using ultracentrifugation and purified by iodixanol gradient centrifugation. After characterization and evaluation of the pathogenicity effects on banana leaves, LC-MS/MS was performed to conduct the proteomics assay. Results indicated that Fraction 2 EVs exhibited clearer spherical structures (TEM), excessive abundance (1.70 × 109 particles/mL), greater intensity (400 a.u), mean size (154.5 nm), moderate protein content (333.16 ng/µL), and protein profile (25–77 kDa), which were superior to Fractions 1, 3, and crude EVs. Crude EVs displayed significant background interference with EV structures (TEM), highest abundance (2.11 × 109 particles/mL), lower intensity (7.0 a.u), higher protein content (528.33 ng/µL), and higher molecular weight proteins (55–70 kDa) compared to gradient EVs. A non-significant biocontrol effect of Foc-EVs on the growth of TR4 spores was observed. Pathogenicity assays revealed that crude EVs caused the largest (2.805 cm2), while Fraction 2 (1.386 cm2) and Fraction 3 (1.255 cm2) resulted in moderate lesions on banana leaves. Proteomic analysis identified 807 unique proteins in Fraction 2, enriched in pathways related to EV trafficking and signaling. In comparison, crude EVs contained 179 unique non-EV proteins related to metabolism and secondary metabolites, indicating that non-EV proteins of crude EVs also influence the pathogenicity observed in banana leaves. This study emphasizes the importance of EV purification, with Fraction 2 being a critical focus for future research on Foc EV pathogenicity.

Autophagy and Protein Quality Control in Parkinson's Disease.

Autophagy is a vital cellular process responsible for the degradation of proteins, organelles, and other cellular components within lysosomes. In neurons, basal autophagy is indispensable for maintaining cellular homeostasis and protein quality control. Accordingly, lysosomal dysfunction has been proposed to be associated with neurodegeneration, and with Parkinson's disease (PD) in particular. Aging, dopamine metabolism, and PD-linked genetic mutations are thought to impair the autophagic-lysosomal pathway, disrupt cellular proteostasis, and contribute to PD pathogenesis. These alterations represent an opportunity to identify potential new therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers, thus laying the groundwork for the development of novel disease-modifying strategies for PD that are aimed at restoring cellular proteostasis and quality control systems.

Involvement of autophagy in germ cells in an experimental model of varicocele in rats before and after varicocelectomy.

Autophagy, a catabolic process enabling cellular organelles and proteins' reuse for energy, has been observed in varicocele models, but the effect of surgical treatment on this process remains unknown. This study aims to assess autophagy in varicocele models undergoing surgical correction. Twenty-one adolescent male rats were induced with varicocele and divided into three groups: sham, varicocele, and varicocele with varicocelectomy. After 21days, testicles were examined histologically for spermatogenesis (Jonhsen's score) and immunohistochemically for autophagy markers (LC3A, Beclin-1, Ambra-1, ULK-1, p62). Positive germ cells were quantitatively evaluated, and data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). Histological examination revealed significantly reduced Jonhsen's scores in varicocele compared to sham and varicocelectomy groups (p < 0.05). Expression of autophagy markers (LC3A, Beclin-1, Ambra-1, ULK-1, p62) was significantly higher in varicocele than sham and varicocelectomy groups (p < 0.05), and in varicocelectomy than sham (p < 0.05). Varicocele activates autophagy markers, with p62 potentially modulating autophagy despite being considered an inhibitor. While varicocelectomy improves histology, it doesn't fully inhibit autophagy, suggesting ongoing germ cell dysfunction despite treatment. This underscores varicocele's detrimental effects on germ cell functionality.

Antimicrobial peptide production with Corynebacterium glutamicum on lignocellulosic side streams

BackgroundBiorefineries usually focus on the production of low-value commodities, such as bioethanol, platform chemicals or single cell protein. Shifting production to bioactive compounds, such as antimicrobial peptides, could provide an opportunity to increase the economic viability of biorefineries.ResultsRecombinant production of the antimicrobial peptide pediocin PA-1 in Corynebacterium glutamicum was transferred from yeast extract-based media to minimal media based on lignocellulosic spent sulfite liquor. Induced batch, fed batch, and extended batch process modes were compared for highest pediocin PA-1 production.ConclusionFor pediocin PA-1 production on lignocellulosic residues, extended batch cultivation was identified as the optimal process mode, producing up to ≃ 104 mg/L active pediocin PA-1. Moreover, the production of pediocin PA-1 on this sustainable second generation resource exceeded its state-of-the-art production on yeast extract-based media ≃ 1.5-fold.

Significance of host antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous units characterized by multiple immunologic, metabolic, hormonal, genetic, psycho-emotional dysfunctions, and skin microbiota dysbiosis. The latter is manifested by a decreased population (phylotypes, i.e., genetically distinct bacterial subgroups that play different roles in skin health and disease) diversity of the predominant skin bacterial commensal - Cutinbacterium acnes. Like in other dysbiotic disorders, an elevated expression of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a hallmark of AV. AMPs, such as human β-defensins, cathelicidin LL-37, dermcidin, or RNase-7, due to their antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties, function as the first line of defense and coordinate the host-microbiota interactions. Therefore, AMPs are potential candidates for pharmaceutical prophylaxis or treating this condition. This study outlines the current knowledge regarding the importance of AMPs in AV pathomechanism in light of recent transcriptomic studies. In particular, their role in improving the tight junctions (TJs) skin barrier by activating the fundamental cellular proteins, such as PI3K, GSK-3, aPKC, and Rac1, is discussed. We hypothesized that the increased expression of AMPs and their patterns in AV act as a compensatory mechanism to protect the skin with an impaired permeability barrier. Therefore, AMPs could be key determinants in regulating AV development and progression, linking acne-associated immune responses and metabolic factors, like insulin/IGF-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/FoxO1 signaling pathways or glucotoxicity. Research and development of anti-acne AMPs are also addressed.

Exploiting 19F NMR in a Multiplexed Assay for Small GTPase Activity.

Small GTPases (smG) are a 150-member family of proteins, comprising five subfamilies: Ras, Rho, Arf, Rab, and Ran-GTPases. These proteins function as molecular switches, toggling between two distinct nucleotide-bound states. Using traditional multidimensional heteronuclear NMR, even for single smGs, numerous experiments, high protein concentrations, expensive isotope labeling, and long analysis times are necessary. 19F NMR of fluorinated proteins or ligands can overcome these drawbacks. Using indole position-specific 19F labeling of the proteins, the activities of several smGs were measured in a multiplexed fashion. We investigated 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-fluoro tryptophan containing smGs to study nucleotide binding. Distinct resonances for GDP- or GTP-bound states of three different 19F-labeled smGs, RhoA, K-Ras, and Rac1, were observed, and the kinetics of exchange and hydrolysis were measured. This multiplexed system will permit screening of nucleotide-specific ligands of smGs under true physiological conditions.

Physicochemical and sensory quality of mackerel fish ball formulated by dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus) protein isolate as a binder

Catfish is a freshwater fish with high protein content and productivity. However, its use is still limited. Food processing and formulation can be a solution to utilize catfish protein in fish-based products. This study investigated the physicochemical and sensory quality of mackerel fish balls (MFBs) formulated with catfish protein isolate (CPI) as a binder. The catfish protein was isolated using the pH-shifting method with extraction at pH 11 and precipitation at pH 5.5. The fish ball formulation contained mackerel crushed meat (MCM) and catfish protein isolate (CPI), with ratios of F1 (100:0), F2 (85:15), and F3 (70:30). The MFBs were also analysed for their physical (e.g., colour, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, texture), proximate, and sensory properties. The results showed that the CPI had a high protein content (93.46% db), which followed the Codex Alimentarius standard. The addition of CPI had a significant effect on the colour, WHC, cooking loss, hardness, proximate composition, and sensory properties (colour, aroma, taste, texture, and overall attributes) of MFBs (p&lt;0.05). The CPI improved WHC, hardness and protein content while reducing the cooking loss of MFBs. The MFBs with the ratio of MCM: CPI of 85:15 (F2) were the best formulation based on the hardness value, protein content, and sensory properties. The protein content of F2 increased by 6.89% from the control. CPI can be an additive ingredient in highly nutritious fish-based products with good physical and sensory properties.

Nutritive, Polyphenolic, and Antioxidative Properties of Locally Produced Cereals and Pseudograins

Cereals and pseudograins are known for their bioactive components and hence used as functional food worldwide. Recently, locally grown cheena, kaon, quinoa, and chia are available in Bangladeshi markets. The study aimed to determine the macronutrients, polyphenols, and flavonoids contents of selected cereals (bajra, zob, cheena, and kaon) and pseudograins (quinoa and chia) along with their antioxidant properties. Cheena (13.48%) and kaon (13.55%) showed higher protein content among cereals, whereas chia of commercial and local sources showed high quantities of protein (22.40% and 22.35%, respectively) among pseudograins. A high amount of carbohydrate was found in kaon and quinoa (64.57% and 59.79%, respectively), whereas chia contained a high amount of fat (20.88 to 29.77%) and dietary fiber (31.46% to 36.85%). Locally grown bajra exhibited a markedly higher concentration of total phenolics (135.75±0.33 mg/g GAE dw) and total flavonoids (17.44±0.05 mg/gm QE dw) compared to other foods studied. Regarding antioxidant activity determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and half-maximal inhibitory (IC50) values, chia from Dinajpur field showed the best results. Therefore, cereals and pseudograins studied and reported here could provide utilizable nutritional and functional bioactive polyphenolic components that may have the potential in the nutritional management of noncommunicable diseases. J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 6(1): 89-98, 2024

Production Performance and Nutritional Quality of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Nurtured in Different Organic Waste

Nutritionists are beginning to pay attention to black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae (BSFL) as an alternative to expensive soybean and fish meal in animal feed which is abundant in different nutrients. Additionally, organic wastes including leftover food, animal excreta, and agricultural wastes, can be used to efficiently raise and spread BSFL. This study was carried out to evaluate the yield, production performance and proximate composition of BSFL nurtured on different organic waste namely, broiler starter feed (BF); rice bran (RB); market-sourced vegetable wastes (VW); chicken manure (CM) and kitchen waste (KW). The BF fed group had the highest observed larval yields (16.2 kg in total; P&lt;0.05). Raising BSFL on BF, VW and KW resulted in the greatest body weight (0.149, 0.147 and 0.150 g, respectively) and growth rate (0.012 g), whereas the KW fed group had the longest body length (P&lt;0.05). The fed groups that received CM and BF had the highest and lowest mortality rates, respectively (P&lt;0.05). All fed groups except RB had improved feed conversion ratios, while VW and KW fed groups had higher protein conversion ratios (2.626 and 2.852, respectively; P&lt;0.05). All the group had better substrate reduction rate compared to CM fed group (P&lt;0.05). The dry matter and ash contents of BSFL reared on BF, VW and KW were higher than the RB and CM group (P&lt;0.05). The KW supplemented BSFL had the highest ether extract level, whereas the BF fed group had the highest protein content (43.58%, P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, BSFL can be successfully reared on kitchen and vegetable scraps. It is anticipated that the cost of black soldier fly farming and animal production will decrease since these organic waste shown favorable effects on BSFL growth performance and nutritional quality comparable to broiler feed in the current study. J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 6(1): 139-148, 2024

Effects of a Paternal Diet High in Animal Protein (Casein) versus Plant Protein (Pea Protein with added Methionine) on Offspring Metabolic and Gut Microbiota Outcomes in Rats.

Evidence suggests that paternal diet can influence offspring metabolic health intergenerationally but whether dietary animal and plant proteins differ in their impact on fathers and their offspring is not known. Our objective was to examine the effects of a paternal diet high in casein versus pea protein on fathers and their offspring. Five-week-old male rats were fed: 1) control, 2) high animal protein (AP, 36.1% of energy as casein), or 3) high plant protein (PP, 36.1% of energy as pea protein with added methionine) diets for 8-11 weeks before being mated. Offspring were challenged with a high fat/sucrose diet (HFD) from 10-16 weeks of age. Metabolic and microbial outcomes were assessed in both generations. In fathers fed PP diet, enhanced insulin sensitivity and lower liver triglycerides were seen alongside altered hepatic microRNA expression and gut microbial profiles. Few changes were seen in their offspring. In contrast, the paternal AP diet influenced adult offspring hepatic microRNA expression and programmed a latent increase in adiposity, dysregulated satiety hormones, and modified gut microbial composition in their adult offspring that occurred following the HFD. Overall, a diet high in pea protein with added methionine demonstrated protective effects on biomarkers of metabolic health in the fathers but led to minimal effects on the offspring while a paternal diet high in casein led to evidence of an increase in characteristics of metabolic dysfunction in their adult offspring when unmasked by exposure to a HFD for 6 weeks.

Functional Yogurt: Types and Health Benefits

In the past decade, the increasing interest in healthy consumption has encouraged the development of functional products in the yogurt sector. Dairy products are extensively used in the production of functional foods because of their excellent and versatile technological properties. Among dairy products, yogurt is one of the dairy foods that has been most widely used to deliver bioactive compounds to consumers. The market features various types of functional yogurt, including probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, high protein, lactose free, and novel products known as easy-to-digest yogurt. The added ingredients in these products influence the structural, nutritional, and functional properties of yogurt. These effects vary depending on the chemical and biological characteristics of each ingredient. Additionally, during fermentation, the added substances can impact the number and viability of the bacteria involved, affecting the quality of the products during storage. Furthermore, the consumption of functional yogurt is associated with various health benefits. These benefits are linked not only to supporting health but also to altering the course of a disease or alleviating symptoms. This review article discusses functional yogurt and its health effects, incorporating recent studies.

Diallel analysis and combining ability in crosses between Glycine max and Glycine soja aiming at improving protein, oil and fatty acid contente

The study evaluated the genetic variability in soybean crosses, aiming to improve grain quality for protein, oil and fatty acid contents. Two Glycine max cultivars were crossed with two Glycine soja lines, and the progenies were analyzed for protein, oil and fatty acid contents. The results indicated that the G. soja species has great potential to increase protein and oil contents in commercial cultivars. The choice of parents is crucial for the success of breeding, and the interaction between specific genes also influences grain composition. Genetic variability was observed for all traits, with different levels of influence of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA). GCA was important in all cases, while SCA was significant for most traits, except for protein content. The study highlights the complexity of the inheritance of soybean grain composition and provides valuable information for the development of superior cultivars, with higher protein and oil contents and optimized fatty acid profiles for various applications.

Optimization of the Frying Process for Maximizing Crispiness of Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) Adductor Muscle Snacks Using Vacuum Low-Temperature Frying

Scallops, an economically important seafood, are popular as fried snacks. Vacuum low-temperature frying creates crispy, healthier foods that meet consumer demand for nutritious snacks with excellent texture. However, research on vacuum frying for shellfish products remains limited. This study aimed to optimize the process for developing a healthy, crispy snack that retains the original shape of the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) adductor muscle using vacuum low-temperature frying technology. The effects of various frying methods on the scallops were analyzed. The vacuum low-temperature frying process was optimized based on evaluations of physical, chemical, and sensory properties. Frying conditions were optimized using response surface methodology, with temperature (X1: 90.1–109.9 °C) and time (X2: 186–774 s) as variables. Based on moisture (5.6 ± 0.1 g/100 g), hardness (1470 ± 5.0 g/cm2), and sensory chewiness (7.6 ± 0.2 points) analyses, 99.9 °C and 480 s were identified as the optimal conditions. Validation was conducted through sensory evaluation by 30 trained panelists. Scallops produced under these optimal frying conditions exhibited low water activity (aw) (0.46), desirable texture (1428 g/cm2), palatability (7.9 points), and high protein content (45.6 g/100 g). The predicted and experimental values for frying temperature and time showed strong agreement, validating the reliability of the optimization model.