Protein Content Of Colostrum Research Articles

O63 Effects of dietary valine concentration in lactation diets on protein content in colostrum, performance of lactating sows and suckling piglets

O63 Effects of dietary valine concentration in lactation diets on protein content in colostrum, performance of lactating sows and suckling piglets

A Study on the Changes of Colostrum Quality, Milk Constituents and Somatic Cell Count after Calving in Holstein Friesian Cows

Colostrum quality produced by dairy cows varies considerably. The amount of immune protein content in colostrum has also high specific gravity. In this study, the specific gravity of colostrum (SGC) produced by 32 Holstein-Friesian cows with different parities in the first five milking after calving, and additionally, the fat content (FC), non-fat dry matter content (NFDMC) and somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk samples taken in the first five milking and on the fifth and 10th day milking of lactation were determined. The effects of parity and milking order on SGC, FC, NFDMC and Log10SCC were detected to be statistically significant. Parity x milking order interaction effect was found to be significant for SGC, FC and NFDMC, but its effect on Log10SCC was insignificant. Cows with three and upper parities had higher SGC, FC, NFDMC, and Log10SCC than cows in the first and second parities. While SGC (1055.09±1.20 mg/mL), FC (6.36±0.12%) and NFDMC (18.17±0.37%) obtained at the first milking decreased gradually in advancing milking, Log10SCC (5.90±0.028) level increased. The correlation coefficients of SGC with FC, NFDMC, and Log10SCC were low-medium, the coefficients between FC and NFDMC were moderately too high in the first three milking, and decreased and approached zero in advancing milking. It was observed that SGC remained high even in the fourth milking in some cows, especially in the third and higher parities. In conclusion, it has been revealed that not only colostrum obtained from the first milking, but also quality colostrum produced in subsequent milking can be used in calf feeding in dairy cattle farms. However, all this depends on the adoption of the strategy of determining the quality of colostrum with the help of a colostrometer in dairy cattle farms.

EFFECT OF THE INCORPORATION OF REJECTS OF CASHEW NUTKERNELS IN SOWFEED ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK

In order to obtain more and more resistantpigletsduring lactation, thisexperimentwas set up. Its objective was to assess the quality of the milkproduced by the sowafter the use of new agricultural by-products in the feeding of lactatingsows.Thus, downgradedalmondswereintroducedinto the diets.Three types wereformulated and tested on threeseparate lots of 10 sows [(Large White x Pietrain) X (Landrace x Duroc)] each.Thesedietsconsisted of 0, 6 and 9% downgradedalmonds. Releases of cashew kernels in the food ration had no significanteffect on the dry matter, protein content of colostrum 1, 2, 3 and milk.In contrast, the use of 9% cashew kernelrejectssignificantlyincreased (P <0.05) the proportions of lipid in colostrums and in milk.The lipid contents increased by 1.07% 1.01% 1.05% and 1.10% respectively for colostrums 1, 2, 3 and milk. Thesehigherlipid proportions couldincrease the organicenergylevel of piglets and makethem more resistant to microbialattack.

Effect of Dietary Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy on Blood Characteristics and Milk Composition of Ewes.

Simple SummaryFolic acid (FA) plays a critical role in regulating fetal development. Cause of the association between maternal metabolism and fetal development has created interest to study FA’s effects on maternal blood metabolism and milk composition. FA was supplemented in the diet of ewes with different litter size during pregnancy and blood parameters, and milk composition was monitored. The results indicated that FA supplementation improved folate metabolism balance during gestation of prolific ewes, and contributed to the ewe’s blood metabolism and health. In addition, immune-related compounds in milk were improved with dietary FA supplementation, thus, the newborn lamb should benefit from the improvement in milk quality.The objective of the present study was to investigate the dynamic change of serum parameters and milk composition by dietary FA supplementation with ewes with different litter size from mating to lambing. The ewes were divided into six treatments (TW-CON, TW-F16, TW-F32, TR-CON, TR-F16, TR-F32) according to dietary FA levels (control, CON; 16 or 32 mg·kg−1 rumen-protect-FA supplementation, F16 and F32) and litter size (twin born, TW; and triplet born, TR). In serum, the concentration of folate increased linearly with dietary FA supplementation (P < 0.05), regardless of the litter size, they showed a quadratic response to gestation progression (P < 0.05). With dietary FA addition, IGFI-I levels significant increased from late gestation to after lambing (P < 0.05), and linearly increased immunoglobulin during the perinatal period (P < 0.05). In colostrum and milk at d 15, the content of folate, lactoferrin, and IgG were affected positively by FA supplementation (P < 0.05). IgG was higher in the TW group than TR in colostrum (P < 0.05), and lactoferrin in TW was lower than TR in milk of d 15 (P < 0.05). FA supplementation increased protein content in colostrum (P < 0.05), while it had no effect on the fat, lactose, and BUN of colostrum and milk of d 15 (P > 0.05). These results suggest that FA supplementation during gestation could regulate maternal blood metabolism and contribute to milk immune composition.

Macronutrients in Human Milk

Aim. To study longitudinal macronutrient concentrations of colostrum and mature human milk (HM) and test the hypothesis that colostrum concentration of a given macronutrient might predict the concentration of this macronutrient in mature milk. Methods. We collected samples of expressed HM obtained from mothers of full-term infants. Each mother contributed 2 samples of HM—the first during 72 hours after labor (colostrum) and the second after 14 days. Macronutrient contents of the samples were measured using infrared transmission spectroscopy. Results. In all, 57 women were recruited. Only 44 of them gave both colostrum and 14-day samples. The energy, fat, and carbohydrate content of mature milk was significantly higher than that in colostrum, whereas the opposite was found for protein content. There was no significant relationship between maternal weight for height and protein, fat, or lactose content at any stage. Energy, fat, and protein content in colostrum did not correlate with values in mature milk. In contrast, the lactose content in mature milk was highly correlated with that of colostrum (R2 = 0.47, P &lt; .0001). Conclusion. Energy, fat, and protein content in colostrum do not predict values in mature milk. In contrast, lactose content in mature milk is highly correlated with that in colostrum.

Calf's sex, parity and the hour of harvest after calving affect colostrum quality of dairy cows grazing under high tropical conditions.

High-quality colostrum is an important factor influencing neonatal calf health, and quality assessment is essential to obtain good health results. This research evaluated the effects of the calf's sex, the parity of the cow and the hour of colostrum harvest after parity on the fat, nonfat solids, protein and Ig contents in Holstein colostrum for cows under high grazing conditions in the tropics. The effects of the calf's sex and parity on somatic cell count (SCC) at the first milking postpartum were determined. A comparison was made between a laboratory method and a farm method for the estimation of the fat and protein content of colostrum. Thirty-three cows were sampled in the study. The calf's sex was shown to have an effect on the amount of colostrum, on the concentration of fat, and on the amount of milk produced by lactating Holstein cows; all were higher in cows that gave birth to a female calf. Colostrum protein decreased after the first hour postpartum, and the Ig concentration had a tendency to decrease after 4h. The cows that had parity 1-2 had lower Ig concentrations and total production of Igs, and higher SCC at the first milking postpartum. Ekomilk was a reliable method to measure the colostrum fat on the farm.

Zusammensetzung des Kolostrums bei einigen Fleischrinderrassen in Abhängigkeit von der nach dem Abkalben vergangenen Zeit

Abstract. Title of the paper: The composition of the Colostrum of some beef cattle breeds according to time of post partum. This research was carried out to investigate the changes of main components of Colostrum with 0–4 days after calving by five beef cattle breds, kept in Hungary. After calving and 24 hours later beef cattle breeds had higher dry matter content in Colostrum compared to that of dairy breeds; but the dairy breeds were superior to the beef cattle breeds from the second day. This relates to the Colostrum of the beef cattle breeds more concentrated than the dairy breeds during the first 24 hours but they reached that values eariier which were characteristic to the normal milk. Examining the protein content of Colostrum there were similar tendencies in change of dry matter content with difference that the protein content of Colostrum of beef cattle breeds was higher than that of the dairy breeds between the 2nd and 4th days, too. On the first and the second days the fat content of Colostrum of the sucklers decreased which was related to the higher dilution in beef cattle breeds. The sugar content of Colostrum of the beef cattle breeds has increased between the calving and the 4th day post partum, and reached the values characteristic to the normal milk – (4.8–5.0%) – on the 5th–6th day. There was not significant difference between the beef and the dairy breeds, neither in sugar nor in the ash content. The ash content of Colostrum reached the values characteristic to the normal milk, 7–8 days after calving. The whey protein and the non protein nitrogen content of Colostrum of the beef cattle breeds were higher than that ofthe dairy breeds, significantly. Decreasing of these fractions in the beef cattle breeds were more moderate than the dairy breeds as in case of the total protein content, according to time. Our calculations show that whey protein content of the beef cattle breeds reached that values which were characteristic to the normal milk, after the 5th day post partum. Not having found a decided difference in the casein content of Colostrum between the beef and the dairy breeds. The casein content of Colostrum of blonde d' Aquitaine and Limousin higher than that ofthe other kind of beef cattle breeds, which manifests itself in the ratio of whey protein and casein, too. At the same time the ratio of whey protein and casein in both Angus types differ from the other beef cattle breeds in favour of the whey protein. The calculated immunglobulüj-G values of Colostrum milked immediately after calving were usually much higher at sucklers than at the dairy breeds. This was true especially beUveen the 1st and the 4th days which was connected with the more moderate decrease of IgG fraction in the beef cattle breeds. Similarly the data of the literature the IgG content ofthe fresh milked Colostrum was determined primarily by the breed. According to our examinations this determination becomes more unimportant moving off the time of calving. The energy content of Colostrum at Black Angus and Red Angus rose among the other kind of beef cattle breeds. The average energy content ofthe Colostrum of blonde d' Aquitaine and Limousin was connected with the high protein content of their Colostrum. The energy content of Colostrum of Hungarian Simmental was the lowest.

Influence of dietary protein of diets given in late gestation and during lactation on protein content and oestrogen concentrations in the colostrum and milk of gilts

AbstractForty first cross hybrid gilts were used to study the effect of dietary protein during lactation on free amino acid, protein and total oestrogen concentrations in colostrum and milk. The diets were formulated to contain similar levels of digestible energy (DE) but with either 236 or 186 g protein per kg and 13·3 and 8·1 g lysine per kg air-dried diet respectively. Both diets were offered at 2·5 kg/day for 1 week prior to farrowing and ad libitum throughout a 24-day lactation (no. = 20 gilts per treatment). Colostrum and milk were collected manually at 3h (colostrum), 3, 7, 14 and 22 days (milk) post partum. Free amino acid concentrations in colostrum and milk were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography following derivatization of the amino acids by 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate. The lysine and glutamic acid concentrations in colostrum were the most abundant free amino acids followed by tryptophan and taurine in order of decreasing abundance. Milk free taurine concentrations increased to the greatest extent among all free amino acids over the 21 days of lactation. Gilts' mature milk was rich in free taurine, glutamic acid, glycine and lysine. During the first 3 h post partum, the protein content of colostrum was unaffected by dietary protein. However, milk protein content over 7 to 21 days of lactation was significantly higher in gilts offered the higher protein diet (P &lt; 0·001). Total solids in colostrum and milk was not significantly affected by dietary protein. At 3h and 3 days post partum the concentrations of total oestrogen in colostrum and milk, determined by radioimmunoassay, were significantly higher in gilts offered the high protein diet (P &lt; 0·05). These finding indicate that a high protein diet in late gestation and during lactation can influence protein content, amino acid and oestrogen concentrations of milk in gilts.

The effect of exogenous prolactin on lactation performance of first-litter sows given protein-deficient diets during the first pregnancy

Twenty-four sows were used to study the effects of dietary protein restriction during pregnancy and exogenous porcine prolactin (pPRL) during late pregnancy and throughout lactation on lactation performance. Eight sows were given a protein-adequate diet containing 179 g crude protein (CP)kg−1 during their first pregnancy while the remaining 16 sows received the same amount of a diet containing 80 g CP kg−1. Eight of the sows given 80 g CP kg−1 during pregnancy were injected with 15 mg pPRL i.m. twice daily at 08:00 and 20:00 between day (d) 102.1 (±0.3) of pregnancy and weaning after their first lactation. Pregnant sows offered the low protein diet gained significantly less body weight during gestation and tended to eat less in the subsequent lactation than sows given the protein-adequate diet. Dietary protein had no significant effect on birth weight, milk yield, milk composition or growth rate of the litter during lactation. Neither dietary protein intake during pregnancy nor exogenous prolactin affected the concentrations of plasma glucose, serum insulin, urea or non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) during lactation. The concentration of lactose in plasma during lactation was unaffected by treatment, but at d 105 of pregnancy, plasma lactose levels were greater in sows which had received exogenous prolactin (32.4 vs. 6.2 mg l−1, P < 0.05). The concentrations of RNA and DNA in mammary tissue biopsies were unaffected by either dietary protein or pPRL. The concentration of RNA and DNA increased between d 70 and 90 from 0.66 to 2.77 mg g−1 and from 0.54 to 1.19 mg g−1, respectively. Thereafter, RNA increased to 4.40 mg g−1 at d 14 of lactation whilst DNA concentration remained at a similar level of 0.90 mg g−1. Milk yield of sows between d 5 and 8 and between d 19 and 22 of lactation was reduced from 8.36 to 7.00 kg day−1 and from 10.74 to 8.22 kg day−1, respectively, in sows given pPRL. The protein content of colostrum from sows treated with pPRL was reduced from 164 to 104 g kg−1 whereas the fat content increased from 47 to 127 g kg−1. These results indicate that the administration of exogenous pPRL during late pregnancy and throughout lactation initiated lactogenesis prematurely and reduced subsequent milk yield during established lactation.

EFFECT OF LOW DIETARY ZINC DURING LATE GESTATION AND EARLY LACTATION ON THE SOW AND NEONATAL PIGLETS

Twelve pregnant sows were fed semi-purified diets containing either 13 or 63 mg/kg zinc (Zn). The animals were fed the diets during the last 4 wk of pregnancy (2 kg/day) and the two first weeks of lactation (ad libitum). Reduced level of dietary Zn did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) weight changes of sows and no difference (P &gt; 0.05) in food intake occurred during the ad libitum phase of the experiment. Low Zn sows showed lower plasma Zn at 100 (125 vs. 157 g/dL) and 113 (93 vs. 127 g/dL) days of gestation and at 7 (65 vs. 133 g/dL)) and 14 (59 vs. 99 g/dL) days of lactation. The differences were significant (P &lt; 0.01) only during lactation. Copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and ammonia (NH3) concentrations in plasma and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) of plasma were not affected by treatment. Parturition lasted 2.08 h in control and 4.54 h in low Zn sows (P &lt; 0.1). Zinc, Cu and protein content of colostrum and milk were similar between groups. Low dietary Zn had no effect on litter size, birth weight, number of stillbirths and mortality up to 2 wk of age. Liveweight at 7 days was significantly higher in piglets nursed by low Zn dams but at 14 days of age no significant treatment difference was found. Zinc, Cu Fe, NH3 concentrations in plasma and APA in plasma of piglets were not significantly different at birth or at 7 days of age. At 14 days of age only plasma Zn was significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05). Low supply of Zn to dams had no effect on the performance of piglets during neonatal life. Key words: Zinc, sows, pregnancy, lactation, piglets

Effect of supplementation of micronutrients of the performance of dairy cows

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of micronutrients supplementation on body weight of cows, birth weight of calf, colostrums composition, milk yield and milk composition. Six animals were divided in to two groups viz. control and supplemented group. Control group was provided conventional diet and supplemented group was supplied conventional diet plus vitamin-mineral mixture (1g vitamix powder/1kg concentrate feed) respectively for two months before calving. In supplemented group the average daily gain of the cows was (49.17 g/d) higher (P&lt;0.01) and the calves were 2 kg heavier in supplemented group compared to control group. Fat content and protein content of colostrum in supplemented group were also significantly higher (P&lt;0.01 and 0.05). The milk yield, fat and protein values of milk were increased non-significantly by 1.03 kg/d/h, 2.8 g/kg and 0.3 g/kg respectively. Ca content of milk was more or less similar in both cases. Key words: Milk; Milk protein; Milk fat; Micronutrients; Supplementation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9688 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&amp;2): 151-155