Protein Calorie Research Articles

BMI Mediates the Association between Macronutrient Subtypes and Phenotypic Age Acceleration.

Background: There is growing evidence that diet and aging are associated; however, few studies have examined the relationship between macronutrient subtypes and phenotypic age acceleration, and the extent to which BMI (body mass index) mediates this association is unclear. Methods: This study included 6911 individuals who were 20 years or older and had participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Daily macronutrient intakes were calculated and classified by the quartile of their subtypes. PhenoAgeAccel was calculated as an aging index using nine chemistry biomarkers. Multivariable linear regression and isocaloric substitution effects were used to evaluate the association of macronutrients with PhenoAgeAccel. Mediation analyses were used to examine the mediation role of BMI in the association. Results: After adjusting for the potential covariates, the consumption of high-quality carbohydrates (β = -1.01, 95% CI: -1.91, -0.12), total protein (β = -2.00, 95% CI: -3.16, -0.84), and plant protein (β = -1.65, 95% CI: -2.52, -0.78) was negatively correlated with PhenoAgeAccel; the consumption of SFAs (β = 1.77, 95% CI: 0.72, 2.81) was positively correlated with PhenoAgeAccel. For every serving of low-quality carbohydrates/animal protein and other calories replaced by one serving of high-quality carbohydrates/plant protein, PhenoAgeAccel would be reduced by about 25 percent. The ratio between BMI-mediated high-quality carbohydrates and PhenoAgeAccel accounted for 19.76% of the total effect, while the ratio between BMI-mediated total fat and PhenoAgeAccel accounted for 30.78% of the total effect. Conclusions: Different macronutrient consumption subtypes are related to PhenoAgeAccel, which is partially mediated by BMI, depending on the quality of macronutrients. Replacing low-quality macronutrients with high-quality macronutrients might slow aging.

Behind the Protein Battle Lines in the 1970s: Nutritional Turmoil in the Postwar World.

This study examines the development of international debates about the perception of nutrients, particularly protein, with a focus on the "Protein Debate" of the late 20th century. The nutritional obsession with protein has been ongoing since the early 19th century, when scientific nutrition was established, and has been at the center of debates surrounding food, agriculture, healthcare, and the environment, changing in shape and form over time. In addition to being a nutrient necessary for optimal physical and mental performance, protein has been a marker of poverty and discrimination at the international level and explains differences in individual living standards. Kwashiorkor, also known as protein calorie disorder, medicalized the problem of poverty in the Third World or underdeveloped countries. By the 1970s, the nutritional discussion of protein had undergone a radical transformation, with implications for the entire development discourse, including poverty and human rights. This study of the historical discourse on protein deficiency goes beyond the scientific focus on nutritional status, food, and dietary health to identify the social, economic, and cultural implications of nutrition.

Protein Calorie Malnutrition Effect on Clinical Outcomes And Resource Utilization in Patients Admitted with Acute Pancreatitis And Dyslipidemia

Protein Calorie Malnutrition Effect on Clinical Outcomes And Resource Utilization in Patients Admitted with Acute Pancreatitis And Dyslipidemia

Racial disparities in patients with ALL according to a national dataset.

e13733 Background: Racial disparities in healthcare refer to differences in health outcomes, access to healthcare &quality of care among racial or ethnic groups. Aim of study is to investigate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of racial differences in patients admitted with ALL. Methods: We queried the National Inpatient Sample between 2017-2020 for adult patients of different races who were hospitalized with ALL. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality; secondary outcomes were cardiac arrest, invasive mechanical ventilation, length of stay & hospital cost. Multivariable logistic, linear & Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate clinical outcomes with p-value < 0.05 was significant. Results: Total 110999 hospitalizations with ALL. Mean age 46 years & 55.8% male. Among admitted, 59599 (53.7 %) were Caucasian, 9205 (8.3 %) were Black, 27565 (24.8%) were Asian, 4540 (4.1%) were Hispanic, and 10090 (9.1%) were others. Subgroup with Caucasian, Blacks, Asians, Hispanics, and other races had Medicare 34.9% vs 30.2% vs 13.5% vs 17.9% vs 12.5%, Medicaid 13.3% vs 29.7% vs 41.4% vs 19.2 vs 34.8%, Non-insured 2.1% vs 5.1% vs 10.6% vs 4.2% vs 7.7%; DM 19% vs 23.8% vs 24.6% vs 17.4% vs 20.7%; Protein calorie malnutrition 11 % vs 10.6% vs 10.1% vs 12.6% vs 10.2%, respectively. All-cause mortality was 3810, where subgroup with Caucasian, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and others were 2085 (3.5%) vs 410 (4.4%) vs 885 (3.2%) vs 145 (3.2%) vs 285 (2.8%). Conclusions: Among the racial categories, Caucasians comprised the largest portion followed by Asians, Blacks, Hispanics. Mortality and intubation proportion was highest among Blacks followed by Hispanics & Asians. Cardiac arrest proportion was highest among Blacks followed by Hispanics and Asians. LOS was highest among Hispanics followed by Asians & Blacks. Resource utilization was highest in Hispanics followed by Asians & Blacks. Understanding these disparities is essential for improving healthcare equity and ensuring that all patients receive appropriate & equitable care regardless of their racial/ethnic background. Interventions include improving access to healthcare, culturally competent care and addressing social determinants of health that affect racial/ethnic groups. [Table: see text]

The Importance of Dietary Protein Quality in Mid- to High-Income Countries

In wealthy countries, the protein intake of adults is usually considered to be adequate, and considerations of protein quality are often deemed irrelevant. The objective was to examine dietary protein intakes of adults in developed countries in the context of dietary protein quality. An analysis of NHANES population data on actual protein intakes in the United States (a developed country) demonstrated that for a dietary Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) of 100%, 11% of the adult (19–50 y) population had habitual protein intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and 22% below the Recommended Dietary Allowance. The percentage of the population with utilizable protein intakes potentially falling below the EAR increased as the assumed DIAAS declined. Analysis of the NHANES data and several other datasets also indicated that total protein intakes can be limiting or close to limiting for the elderly and some vegetarians and vegans. Here, lower dietary protein quality can potentially lead to inadequate utilizable protein intakes. For many people in specific physiological states (e.g., weight loss, endurance sports, resistance exercise) attempting to meet higher dietary protein targets often with accompanying lowered energy intakes, low dietary protein quality can lead to protein calories expressed as a proportion of total calories, falling outside what may be acceptable limits (maximum of 30% protein calories from total calories). In general, individuals within the adult population may be susceptible to macronutrient imbalance (whenever total protein intakes are high, daily energy intakes low) and for diets with lower protein quality (DIAAS <100%). Our analysis shows that dietary protein quality is relevant in mid- to high-income countries.

Prognostic impact of the controlling nutritional status score in Chinese patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Prognostic impact of the controlling nutritional status score in Chinese patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Successful Multimodal Approach to Megacolon, Enterocutaneous Fistula, and Chronic Incisional Hernia with Loss of Domain: A Case Report

Our case highlights a 41-year-old male with a past medical history of severe diverticular disease since age 30, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, protein calorie malnourishment, and body mass index of 50 kg/m2 who presented for a large bowel obstruction. Active surgical issues included: chronic incisional hernia, enterocutaneous fistulae, and a megacolon secondary to a recto-sigmoid anastomotic stricture. In collaboration with a colorectal surgeon and by using a multimodal approach, we successfully addressed the patient’s gastrointestinal issues and incisional hernia. The multimodal approach included botulinum toxin A (BTA) injections to the abdominal wall flat muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominus), installation of an abdominal reapproximation anchor (ABRA) dynamic tissue system (DTS), and porcine urinary bladder matrix (PUBM) xenografts. The patient received BTA injections prior to the index operation, which lasted over 12 hours. The ABRA DTS assisted in achieving primary fascial closures. Definitive closure of this class 4 wound was facilitated by the antimicrobial and accelerated wound healing properties of PUBM as well as a unique multimodal approach to achieve exemplary results in a patient with multiple complex surgical issues.

Physical and chemical characteristics of Chitofudregs nugget in comparison to commercial nugget

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The study aims to compare the physical characteristics (water holding capacity and cooking loss) and chemical characteristics (moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate content, and total calories) of Chitofudregs nugget with commercial nuggets. Four categories of nuggets which are &lt;a name="_Hlk134429573"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Fiesta, So Good, Nugget Curah, and Chitofudregs nugget (FT, SG, NC, and Chitofudregs) were determined as treatments in this study with 5 repetitions for each category. The experimental method of this research was a randomized design complete (RDC). Physically, Chitofudregs had the highest water-holding capacity and the lowest cooking loss among all commercial nuggets (p&amp;lt;0.05) so there were not many nutrient losses during the processing. Chemically, Chitofudregs contained higher water content than one of the commercial-NC nuggets while the protein and ash content was lower than the two types of commercial nuggets (FT and SG) with carbohydrate content which was also lower than the NC commercial nuggets (p&amp;lt;0.05). The fat content and total calories of chitofudreg were the lowest among all commercial nuggets (p&amp;lt;0.05). Chitofudregs are combination nuggets whose physical quality is as good as commercial nuggets with specific chemical characteristics and has potency as a diet product because it is low in fat and calories.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

AtCIPK16, a CBL-interacting protein kinase gene, confers salinity tolerance in transgenic wheat.

Globally, wheat is the major source of staple food, protein, and basic calories for most of the human population. Strategies must be adopted for sustainable wheat crop production to fill the ever-increasing food demand. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses involved in plant growth retardation and grain yield reduction. In plants, calcineurin-B-like proteins form a complicated network with the target kinase CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) in response to intracellular calcium signaling as a consequence of abiotic stresses. The AtCIPK16 gene has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and found to be significantly upregulated under salinity stress. In this study, the AtCIPK16 gene was cloned in two different plant expression vectors, i.e., pTOOL37 having a UBI1 promoter and pMDC32 having a 2XCaMV35S constitutive promoter transformed through the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol, in the local wheat cultivar Faisalabad-2008. Based on their ability to tolerate different levels of salt stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM), the transgenic wheat lines OE1, OE2, and OE3 expressing AtCIPK16 under the UBI1 promoter and OE5, OE6, and OE7 expressing the same gene under the 2XCaMV35S promoter performed better at 100 mM of salinity stress as compared with the wild type. The AtCIPK16 overexpressing transgenic wheat lines were further investigated for their K+ retention ability in root tissues by utilizing the microelectrode ion flux estimation technique. It has been demonstrated that after 10min of 100 mM NaCl application, more K+ ions were retained in the AtCIPK16 overexpressing transgenic wheat lines than in the wild type. Moreover, it could be concluded that AtCIPK16 functions as a positive elicitor in sequestering Na+ ions into the cell vacuole and retaining more cellular K+ under salt stress to maintain ionic homeostasis.

Distalization of Standard Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Indications, Technique, and Long-Term Results.

Weight loss failure or weight regain after primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a challenge for bariatric surgeons. Failure to achieve a body mass index (BMI) <35 kg/m2 after RYGB occurs in up to 40.0%. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results of a novel technique for distalization of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (DRYGB) as a revisional procedure. Retrospective data were reviewed for 22 patients who had undergone RYGB and failed to achieve an excess weight loss (EWL) >50% or BMI <35 kg/m2 and underwent limb distalization between 2013 and 2022. For this DRYGB procedure, the length of the common channel was 100 cm, and the lengths of the biliopancreatic limb and the alimentary limb were 1/3 and 2/3 of the remaining bowel, respectively. The mean BMI values before and after DRYGB were 43.7 kg/m2 and 33.5 kg/m2, respectively. Five years after DRYGB, mean % EWL was 74.3% and mean % total weight loss (TWL) was 28.8%. Mean % EWL and mean % TWL of the two procedures (RYGB and DRYGB) after 5 years were 80.9% and 44.7%, respectively. Three patients experienced protein calorie malnutrition. One was reproximalized and the others were treated with parenteral nutrition with no recurrence. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of diabetes type 2 and dyslipidemia after DRYGB. The DRYGB procedure results in substantial and sustained long-term weight loss. Due to the risk of malnutrition, patients must be strictly followed for life after the procedure.

Effect on nutritional status and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation of an oral nutritional supplement (with or without probiotics) in malnourished hemodialysis patients. A multicenter randomized clinical trial "Renacare Trial".

Malnutrition in patients undergoing hemodialysis is frequent and associated with a reduction in muscular mass and strength, with an increment in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation. Randomized, multicenter, parallel-group trial in malnourished hemodialysis patients with three groups [(1) control (C) individualized diet, (2) oral nutritional supplement-ONS- + placebo-SU- PL-, and (3) ONS + probiotics-SU-PR]; the trial was open regarding the intake of ONS or individualized diet recommendations, but double-blind for the intake of probiotics. We obtained, at baseline and after 3 and 6 months, anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dietary records, and routine biochemical parameters. Inflammation and oxidation were determined using ELISA techniques (Versamax and ProcartaPlex multiplex Immunoassay). Results were analyzed by intention to treat. A total of 31 patients (11 corresponding to group C, 10 to SU-PL, and 10 to SU-PR) completed the 6-months trial. The two groups that took supplements significantly increased their protein calorie, fat (total and n-3), and fiber intake. Weight and fat-free mass (FFM) also increased significantly in the groups on supplements, both at 3 and 6 months, and dynamometry did so in the SU-PL group. At month 3, prealbumin and vitamin D were significantly increased in the SU-TOT (SU-PL + SU-PR) group. No changes were observed regarding levels of phosphorus and potassium in any of the groups. Urea increased significantly at 6 months in the SU-PL group. There were significant changes in some inflammation biomarkers in the groups on supplements during the intervention (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, bone morphogenetic protein-2, MCP-1, IL-1-beta, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-8). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased significantly in the supplemented patients, with no significant changes observed in isoprostanes. The specific ONS improved protein-calorie intake, nutritional status (mainly FFM), and some biomarkers of inflammation/oxidation. The addition of probiotics could have a synergistic effect with ONS in such biomarkers. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/, identifier NCT03924089.

The Effect of Cultivation Technologies and Mineral Fertilizers Application on Production and Quality of Winter Wheat Varieties in the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia

Winter wheat is considered as the most important food crop in Russia, providing daily protein and food calories. The current study was conducted at the Federal Research Center Nemchinovka, in the Central Non-Black Earth region of Russia, over a period of 2 years (2021 to 2022) and aimed at evaluating the reaction of winter wheat varieties according to cultivation technologies at a different level of intensity i. e. basic, intensive and high intensive. The cultivation technologies included fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators at different combinations and concentrations. Treatments included fertilizers, pesticides (fungicides, herbicides, insecticides) and growth regulators in different combinations and concentrations. Three varieties of winter wheat have been studied: Nemchinovskaya 85, Moskovskaya 40 and Moskovskaya 27. Yield performances and grain quality (measured through protein and gluten content) were determined according to the tested cultivation technologies. The results showed that the cultivation technology affected grain wheat productivity and quality on all varieties studied, since the highest yields were obtained using high intensive cultivation technology for all varieties studied, Nemchinovskaya 85 increased a yield of 1.14-3.10t/ha, Moskovskaya 27: 0.64-3.62t/ha and Moskovskaya 40: 0.71-3.21t/ha. The tested cultivation technologies demonstrated that high intensive cultivation technology increased wheat quality. The highest protein content (17,1 %) was recorded in Nemchinovskaya 85 variety. The present results give real opportunities for a large-scale application of the tested cultivation technologies in different agricultural lands of Russia.

S1460 Endoscopic Reversal of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Prevents Worsening of Nutritional Outcomes in Patients With Severe Malnutrition

Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can precipitate protein-caloric malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Sonographically guided endoscopic reversal (ER) via deployment of a stent from the gastric pouch to the remnant stomach is emerging as a novel option for increasing intestinal transit time and increasing absorptive surface area. In this investigation, short-term nutritional outcomes after endoscopic reversal for malnutrition were assessed. Methods: Patients (age ≥ 18) who underwent ER of RYGB for malnutrition from a single academic health center in Minneapolis over a 7-year period (2015-2021) were reviewed. Nutrition status (assessed by a registered dietitian (RD) or a gastroenterologist (GI)), mode of nutrition (per oral (PO), tube feed (TF), or total parenteral nutrition (TPN)), weight and body-mass index (BMI) were obtained pre-procedurally, at 6 months, and at one year post-procedurally. Results: Seventeen patients underwent ER for severe protein caloric malnutrition or dependence on TF / TPN. In this cohort, at the time of the ER procedure, median age was 49 [IQR 46, 58] years and median BMI was 25.2 [IQR 21.18, 29.03] kg/m2, 70% of patients were female, and 82% were White, and 96% had health insurance. Weight and BMI were not significantly different at 6-month or at one year follow-up (P >0.05; Figure demonstrates individual weight trends). At 6 months post-ER, 2 patients were no longer malnourished by RD/GI assessment and only on PO nutrition; 3 patients previously on TPN were liberated from TPN. A panel of laboratory values including markers of protein calorie malnutrition (e.g. albumin), renal function (e.g. creatinine and GFR) and micronutrients (e.g. Vitamin B12) were not significantly different at 6-month or at one year follow-up (P >0.05; Table). In all patients, access to the remnant was maintained throughout the study period and no complications were noted after the procedure. Conclusion: ER is a nuanced, advanced technique useful for when remnant access is desired in RYGB patients, and is safe in experienced hands. Despite small sample size, this investigation revealed that ER of RYGB may prevent worsening weight loss, and worsening macro and micro-nutrient deficiencies; though improvement in weight and nutritional parameters was not observed. As ER affords patients a potential alternative to revisional bariatric surgery, further studies are warranted to examine longer-term nutritional and medical outcomes.Figure 1.: Individual weight trends before RYGB Endoscopic Reversal and at 6 months and 1 year following RYGB Endoscopic Reversal Table 1. - Pre-procedure Post-procedure at 6 months Post-procedure at 1 year Malnutrition Status by dietitian or gastroenterologist assessment (n, %) N=17 N=17 N=9 Severe Malnutrition or on TF / TPN 17 (100%) 15 (88%) 8 (89%) Moderate 0 0 0 Non-severe 0 0 0 Not malnourished 0 2 (12%) 1 (11%) Nutrition Route N=17 N=17 N=9 Oral intake (PO) 6 6 2 Tube feeding (TF) 3 6 3 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) 8 5 4 Weight / Body Mass Index, median (IQR) N=17 N=15 N=9 Weight (Kg) 64.8 (54.3, 78.1) 68.4 (57.9, 83.6) 67.8 (63.0, 71.1) BMI (Kg/m2) 25.2 (21.2, 29.0) 25.1 (23.1, 30.3) 23.2 (20.5, 24.9) Nutritional Laboratory Values, median (IQR) N * N * ** Albumin (g/dL) 2.6 (2.3, 3.1) 2.4 (1.92, 3.05) x Prealbumin (mg/dL) 14 (10, 15) 14 (8, 16) x Hemoglobin (g/dL) 9.4 (8.8, 11.5) 10.6 (8.8, 12.4) x Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.88 (0.62, 0.99) 0.72 (0.66, 1.06) x Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) 86 (61, 90) 84 (52, 90) x Iron (ug/dL) 59 (29, 71) 34.5 (19, 49.3) x Ferritin (ng/mL) 113 (27.8, 409) 39 (28.5, 114) x Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) 893 (554, 1405) 1271 (731, 1422) x Folate (ng/mL) 6.6 (5.4, 21.4) 10.6 (6.5, 11.8) x Vitamin D (ug/L) 14 (13, 39) 24.5 (14.5, 27.8) x Zinc (ug/dL) 56 (55, 71) 56.5 (48, 62) x *Various different sample size based on lab availabilities.**1 Year nutritional laboratory values not assessed.

Realgar Alleviated Neuroinflammation Induced by High Protein and High Calorie Diet in Rats via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.

Purpose: Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome (GHRS) often occurs in adolescents, resulting into nervous system injury. Realgar, an arsenic mineral with neuroprotective effect, has been widely used to treat GHRS. However, its mechanism of action remains unknown. Methods: A GHRS rat model was established using a high protein and high calorie diet. We performed macroscopic characterization by assessing bowel sounds, hot/cold preference, anal temperature, and fecal features. Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to evaluate brain arsenic level while hippocampal ultrastructural changes were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, inflammatory cytokines and BBB breakdown were analyzed by western blotting, immunofluorescence assays, and immunohistochemistry staining. We also evaluated hippocampal metabolites by LC-MS while fecal microorganisms were assessed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results: Our data showed that the high protein and high calorie diet induced GHRS. The rat model depicted decreased bowel sounds, increased fecal characteristics score, preference for low temperature zone, and increased anal temperature. In addition, there was increase in inflammatory factors IL-6, Iba-1, and NF-κB p65 as well as reduced BBB structural protein Claudin-5 and Occludin. The data also showed appearance of hippocampus metabolites disorder and fecal microbial imbalance. Realgar treatment conferred a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting GHRS-specific characteristics, neuroinflammatory response, BBB impairment, metabolites disorder, and microbial imbalance in the GHRS rat model. Conclusion: Taken together, our analysis demonstrated that realgar confers a neuroprotective effect in GHRS rats through modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Nutrition value of dominant three fishes of Sudanese red sea coast

Based on the current demand on fish as food, marine fishes of the Sudan have been arbitrary divided into first, second and third grade fish. Examples of these are the red emperor (Plectroponus moculates) grade I, mullet fish (Plectroponus moculates) as grade II and unicorn fish (Naso unicornis) as grade III. This subjective grading, need to be evaluated on grounds of organo-leptic tests, gross chemical and body parts analysis and inclusion in experimentally designed feeding tests. The mean value and range of moisture, protein, fat and ash was determined and compared for the three species. The highest calorific value was (232.08) in C. crisbis and the lowest (144.2) in P. maculatus. The calorific value was expressed as a calories per percent of protein content plus calories per percent of fat content. The highest calorific value was (232.08) in C. crisbis and the lowest (144.2) in P. maculatus. The gross chemical composition was comparable between the three groups in ash content, but showed significant variability within moisture, within protein and in fat. The mean body weight in each cell in a column (feed 1, 2, 3 and the control) was based on a triplicate and they were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) test. Very highly significant growth correlation (p

Safety of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch in patients with body mass index less than 50kg/m2.

Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) has often been reserved for patients with BMI > 50kg/m2. We aim to assess the safety of BPD-DS in patients with morbid obesity (BMI 335kg/m2 and < 50kg/m2) using a 150-cm common channel (CC), 150-cm Roux limb, and 60-fr bougie. A retrospective review was performed on patients with a BMI < 50mg/k2 who underwent a BPD-DS in 2016-2019 at a single institution. Limb lengths were measured with a laparoscopic instrument with minimal tension. Sleeve gastrectomy was created with 60-fr bougie. Variables were compared using paired t test, Chi-square analysis or repeated measures ANOVA where appropriate. Forty-five patients underwent BPD-DS. CC lengths and Roux limb lengths were 158 ± 20cm and 154 ± 18cm, respectively. Preoperative BMI was 44.9 ± 2.3kg/m2 and follow-up was 2.7 ± 1.4years. One patient required reoperation for bleeding and died from multiorgan failure and delayed sleeve leak. There was 1 (2.2%) readmission for contained anastomotic leak and 2 ED visits (4.5%) within 30days. There were no marginal ulcers, limb length revisions, or need for parental nutrition. Percent excess weight loss was 67.2 ± 19.7%. 88.9% (N = 8), 86.6% (N = 13), and 55.5% (N = 5) of patients had resolution or improvement of their diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, respectively. 40% (N = 4) of patients had resolution of their gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and 11.4% (N = 5) developed de novo GERD. 32% (N = 14) of patients had vitamin D deficiency and 25% (N = 11) experienced zinc deficiency. BPD-DS may be considered in patients with BMI < 50kg/m2 with 150-cm CC, 150-cm Roux limb, and a 60-fr bougie sleeve gastrectomy. There was sustained weight loss and no protein calorie malnutrition, but Vitamin D and zinc deficiency remained a challenge. Careful patient selection and proper counseling of the risks and benefits are necessary.

Measured versus label declared macronutrient and calorie content in Colombian commercially available whey proteins.

ABSTRACTWhey protein (WP) supplements have grown in popularity for exercising populations to enhance muscle protein synthesis and promote recovery. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the macronutrient profile, especially protein, of commonly sold protein powder brands in the Colombian (South America) sports supplement market. Eleven popular whey proteins supplements made and sold on the Colombian market were sampled and determined the humidity, ash, total carbohydrates, fat, proteins, and calories (kcal). The mean calorie content declared by product labeling was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than measured (labeled 349.8 ± 20.3 kcal; analyzed 368.2 ± 14.9 kcal). Carbohydrate content was higher than labeled on average (labeled 3.5 ± 6 g/100 g; analyzed 21.9 ± 12.5 g/100 g) (p < 0.05). The protein content on the labels showed a significantly higher content, on average, than analyzed in all samples (labeled 81.4 ± 7.4; analyzed 65.7 ± 14.1) (p < 0.05). These data suggest, that for brands analyzed in this research, nutrient labels may be misleading, especially regarding protein, carbohydrate, and total calorie content. Consumers should diligently read, but also learn the different product labeling; however, brands should emphasize on testing their products and add amino acid profiles to guarantee quality of their products.

The Substitution of Fresh Moringa Leaves and Moringa Leaves Powder on Organoleptic and Proximate Characteristics of Pudding

Background: Moringa Oleifera leaves "Marungga" contain fiber, vitamins, minerals, and polyphenol compounds that potential to fulfill nutritional requirements among children and adults. The product development often utilized Moringa leaves powder rather than the fresh ones. The powdering process might reduce the nutritional content while using fresh Moringa leaves is more applicable for the local community. However, the strong taste and aroma of Moringa leaves could influence the individual acceptance of a food product. Pudding is a simple and easy-to-make food product at the household level. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fresh Moringa leaves substitution compared with Moringa leaves powder on pudding product acceptance and proximate characteristics. Methods: This was an experimental study with a complementary randomized design. The substitution of fresh Moringa leaves was 0%,20%,30%, while Moringa leaf powder was 0%, 5%, 10%. We conducted an organoleptic test, hedonic test, and proximate analysis of chosen formulations. Statistical analysis included Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan's multiple range test, and t-test. Results: The chosen formula based on the hedonic test was the 20% of fresh Moringa leaf substitution (FML2) with a score of 3.64, and 5% of Moringa leaf flour (FMP1) with a score of 4.10. A significant difference between the two formulations was their texture; FMP1 had a hard texture than FML2. The protein, fat, carbohydrate, and total calorie content of those formulations were significantly different, but not for the ash content. Conclusion: Substitution used fresh leaves utilized more Moringa leaves and improved pudding nutrients contents than powder type.

Relationship between Dietary Quality and Cardiometabolic Risk in a College Population

ObjectivesEarly adulthood plays a key role in the development of healthy eating habits, however, the association between dietary indices and cardiometabolic risk is not well investigated in younger adults. This study assessed diet quality and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk of university students. MethodsBetween 2007–21 students (18–24 years) were recruited from a northeast university as part of the ongoing College Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey. All participants were enrolled in a semester-long nutrition course. Students completed a 3-day dietary food record; nutrient intake was calculated using online analysis software. A modified Healthy Eating Index (mHEI) score was assigned (0–100) based on HEI-2005, -2010, and -2015 categories using daily intakes of fruit, vegetables, grains, meat and beans, fatty acids, protein, milk, saturated fat, sodium, and empty calories. After excluding cases with missing data and stratifying for sex, mHEI scores were grouped into quartiles. Chi-square analyses assessed the relationship between ascending mHEI quartiles (Q1-4) with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and individual MetS criterion. ResultsThe final sample (n = 6,214) of students included mostly first- or second-year students (85%) but only 6% were nutrition majors (n = 455). About a third (29%) of students met 1 criterion for MetS and 14.5% met ≥ 2 (n = 1,167.) More men than women met 1 or 2 MetS criteria (43.3% vs. 35.5%, 17.1% vs. 12.9%, respectively, both p < .001). Mean mHEI score was 64.4 ± 12.6. Participants in mHEI Q1 vs. Q4 were more likely to meet ≥ 2 MetS criteria (22.7% vs. 15.0%, X2 = 30.0, p < 0.0001). Moreover, a higher proportion of mHEI Q1 v. Q4 met the criteria for fasting plasma glucose (7.4% v. 4.0%, X2 = 29.0, p < 0.001) and blood pressure (22.8% v. 19.1%, X2 = 8.8, p = 0.04). ConclusionsFindings support a relationship between dietary quality and cardiometabolic risk in the college population and suggest a need for further research on the dietary habits of young adults for disease prevention earlier in the life cycle. Funding SourcesNew Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1,010,738.

Time-Related Eating Patterns Are Associated with the Total Daily Intake of Calories and Macronutrients in Day and Night Shift Workers.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether time-related eating patterns are associated with the daily intake of calories and macronutrients in Brazilian male military police officers (n = 81; 29-day and 52-night workers; mean age: 36.4 ± 0.9 and 38.5 ± 0.7 years, respectively). Energy and macronutrient intake were determined by a non-consecutive 3-day food recall. Time-related eating patterns, such as the time of the first and the last meals, eating duration, and caloric midpoint, were evaluated. Individuals were classified as “early” or “late” eaters according to the median caloric midpoint. Night shift workers showed a later eating time for the last meal (p < 0.001), longer eating duration (p < 0.001), and later caloric midpoint (p = 0.037) than day workers. Late eaters from both workgroups consumed more 24 h energy (p = 0.028), fat in calories (p = 0.006) and protein (calories: p < 0.001; percentage of total calories: p = 0.042), and less carbohydrates in calories (p = 0.010) intake than early eaters. The time of the first meal was negatively correlated with 24 h energy (p = 0.024) and carbohydrate (p = 0.031) intake only in day workers. The time of the last meal was positively correlated with 24 h energy (day workers: β = 0.352; p = 0.044; night workers: β = 0.424; p = 0.002) and protein (day workers: β = 0.451; p = 0.013; night workers: β = 0.536; p < 0.001) intake for both shift workers, and with carbohydrate (β = 0.346; p = 0.016) and fat (β = 0.286; p = 0.042) intake only in night workers. Eating duration was positively correlated with energy (day workers: β = 0.473; p = 0.004; night workers: β = 0.320; p = 0.023) and carbohydrate (day workers: β = 0.418; p = 0.011; night workers: β = 0.364; p = 0.010) intake in both groups. Thus, time-related eating patterns indicative of intake later at night are associated with increased daily energy and macronutrient intake.