Protection System Research Articles

Sodium alginate-based coaxial fibers synergistically integrate moisture actuation, length tracing, humidity sensing, and electric heating.

The development of wearable electronics has driven the need for smart fibers with advanced multifunctional synergy. In this paper, we present a design of a multifunctional coaxial fiber that is composed of a biopolymer-derived core and an MXene/silver nanowire (AgNW) sheath by wet spinning. The fiber synergistically integrates moisture actuation, length tracing, humidity sensing, and electric heating, making it highly promising for portable devices and protective systems. The biopolymer-derived core provides deformation for moisture-sensitive actuation, while the MXene/AgNW sheath with good conductivity enables the fiber to perform electric heating, humidity sensing, and self-sensing actuation. The coaxial fiber can be programmed to rapidly desorb water molecules to shrink to its original length by using the MXene/AgNW sheath as an electrical heater. We demonstrate proof-of-concept applications based on the multifunctional fibers for thermal physiotherapy and wound healing/monitoring. The sodium alginate@MXene-based coaxial fiber presents a promising solution for the next-generation of smart wearable electronics.

EGO to ECO: Tracing the History of Radioecology from the 1950s to the Present Day.

This paper starts with a brief history of the birth of the field of radioecology during the Cold War with a focus on US activity. We review the establishment of the international system for radiation protection and the science underlying the guidelines. We then discuss the famous ICRP 60 statement that if "Man" is protected, so is everything else and show how this led to a focus in radioecology on pathways to "Man" rather than concern about impacts on environments or ecosystems. We then review the contributions of Radiation Research Society members and papers published in Radiation Research which contributed to the knowledge base about effects on non-human species. These fed into international databases and computer-based tools such as ERICA and ResRad Biota to guide regulators. We then examine the origins of the concern that ICRP 60 is not sufficient to protect ecosystems and discuss the establishment of ICRP Committee 5 and its recommendations to establish reference animals and plants. The review finishes with current concerns that reference animals and plants (RAPs) are not sufficient to protect ecosystems, given the complexity of interacting factors such as the climate emergency and discusses the efforts of ICRP, the International Union of Radioecologists and other bodies to capture the concepts of ecosystem services and ecosystem complexity modelling in radioecology.

A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Power System Stability, Control, and Protection: Insights and Future Directions

A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Power System Stability, Control, and Protection: Insights and Future Directions

Optimization of the Steam Turbine Protection System as Part of an Electrohydraulic Control System

Optimization of the Steam Turbine Protection System as Part of an Electrohydraulic Control System

Study on the Limitations of Economic Digitalization and Development Strategies under the New Development Strategy

With the rapid development of the digital economy and the rise of the industrial Internet, China has made significant progress in terms of industrial competitiveness and industrial innovation and development. However, China's capacity for independent technology innovation must be improved. Firstly, China's independent innovation capacity in key core technology areas could be more robust. This mainly manifests in China's reliance on imported technologies and equipment in high-end manufacturing and emerging industries. Although China has made certain technological breakthroughs in specific fields, there is a particular gap between China and the international advanced level. Secondly, the investment in technological research and development of Chinese enterprises must be increased. Although the R&D investment of Chinese enterprises is gradually growing as more attention is paid to scientific and technological innovation, there still needs to be a significant gap compared with developed countries. In particular, the R&D investment of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively low, resulting in the overall level of independent technological innovation not being high. Again, China needs to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights. For a long time, the construction of China's intellectual property protection system has been lagging, and the problem of intellectual property infringement is relatively prominent, which has formed a particular obstacle to independent technological innovation. Therefore, studying economic digital development restrictions and development strategies has profound theoretical and practical significance in the new development pattern.

Improving the system of social protection of self-employed citizens

Subject. This article considers the self-employed as a subject of economic activity, and it discusses the participation of the self-employed population in the system of social and pension insurance. Objectives. This article aims to analyze the development of the pension and social insurance system of the self-employed people. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. The article presents an author-developed algorithm of actions of the self-employed in terms of relations with government agencies on registration, taxation and insurance, and it offers certain approaches to the development of the system of voluntary social insurance of the self-employed. Conclusions and Relevance. Based on the analysis of the current regulatory documents, the article concludes that it is necessary to determine the legal status of the self-employed, the list of obligations to pay taxes and fees, and the specification of their social guarantees and rights. The practical application of the results of the study can improve the mechanism of employment management, which is important for the development of Russia as a social State.

Application of uncertainty quantification techniques in the framework of process safety studies: Advanced dispersion simulations

AbstractIn the framework of process safety studies, consequence assessment of accidental scenarios is a crucial step affecting the eventual risk profile associated with the facilities under analysis. Conventional models used for consequence assessment are based on integral models, and may not be adequate to cope with the dynamic evolution of accidental scenarios and their three‐dimensional features. On the other hand, consequence assessment models based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches are promising to cope with complex scenarios and environments, but setting the simulation introduces relevant uncertainties associated with both the input data, assumptions, and with the modelling of physical effects involved. In the present study, uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques are applied to support advanced safety studies based on CFD simulations of hazardous gas dispersion. Firstly, the accidental scenarios are characterized by defining release scenarios and conditions and quantifying source terms using integral models. At the same time, input meteorological data are gathered. This enables the development of high‐fidelity CFD simulations of gas dispersion based on different input sets and eventually the implementation of UQ techniques. The generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) expansion is employed to obtain hazardous gas concentration based on the variation of wind direction and speed. The present method is applied for the analysis of a real plant featuring a complex layout. The results show the advantages of the present approach by quantifying the influence of meteorological conditions and providing indications for supporting the development of protection systems and emergency measures.

МЕТОД ОЦЕНКИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СИСТЕМ ПОЖАРНОЙ АВТОМАТИКИ МНОГОКВАРТИРНЫХ ЖИЛЫХ ДОМОВ

A method is proposed for evaluating the functional characteristics of fire automation systems of apartment buildings based on the use of an electronic database, providing input, storage, structuring, presentation and processing of data characterizing the ability of fire automation systems and their individual elements to perform the required functions. The analysis of data on the operability of fire automation systems in operation beyond their service life in multi-apartment residential buildings in Saint-Petersburg, according to various differentiated characteristics, in order to determine their ability to perform specific functions, as well as the reasons for their failure. The necessity of evaluating the effectiveness of fire protection systems of apartment buildings is substantiated, taking into account the results of the study of functional characteristics at various stages of their life cycle, the task of forming a unified information database on the operability of fire protection systems of apartment buildings in Saint-Petersburg and its subsequent integration with the state information system «Monitoring the technical condition of apartment buildings in Saint-Petersburg».

A numerical oxidation model for SiC‐coated thermal protection systems in hypersonic applications

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) is a widely used component for thermal protection system (TPS) design. This material is often used either as a coating layer to protect beneath carbon‐based material against oxidation or as a ceramic matrix for composite materials used in the hypersonic leading edges. A numerical equilibrium model for SiC‐coated material ablation is developed in this study to compute the material response of coated TPS in hypersonic relevant aerothermal environment. The developed model is based on an equilibrium approach similar to the carbon graphite oxidation framework for ablative charring materials. The equilibrium wall composition is calculated based on the minimization of the Gibbs free energy. The proposed method can capture numerically the transition from passive to active oxidation while maintaining a low computational cost and good numerical stability. Implementation of the model in the Porous Material Analysis Toolbox based on OpenFOAM code permits to compare against previous literature test cases. By comparing the surface temperature obtained from the model with the experimental data, it is observed that the numerical model gives a good estimation providing accurate surface temperature prediction.

International Aspect of PRC Information Security Policy

This article examines the international aspect of China’s information security policy. Due to the fact that the information sphere is becoming increasingly important in relations between states, the appeal to the policy of one of the leading international actors — the People’s Republic of China — is in demand and relevant. China’s experience in ensuring information security may be in demand in other countries, including the Russian Federation.Aim. The purpose of the article is to characterize the international aspect of China’s information security policy and to reveal the specifics of China’s interaction with other countries in this area.Tasks. To achieve this goal was conducted a review of key international documents ensuring the international information security of the People’s Republic of China, as well as the country’s domestic legislation in this area. Also the issue of confrontation between China and the United States in the information space was considered.Methods. The study employs the historical method to examine the development of China’s information security system, document analysis to review China’s domestic and international legislation in the field of information security, and comparative analysis to compare the approaches of different countries in the field of cybersecurity.Results. The conducted research highlights the following key outcomes: In the context of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Сhina demonstrates a commitment to the joint development of international legal norms in the field of information security, as well as actively participates in the creation of cooperation agreements in this area, emphasizing the state’s role as an advocate for a multipolar world in cyberspace. Within the framework of interactions with the BRICS countries, China aims to deepen cooperation in the field of information security through a series of initiatives and agreements aimed at developing common approaches and standards. This cooperation contributes to the creation of a unified protection system in the information sphere among the BRICS countries, strengthening their positions in the international information space. In relations with the United States of America, the interaction of China is characterized by competition and confrontation, especially in the context of cybersecurity. This includes differences in approaches to regulating the information space and cyber espionage. Nonetheless, existing contradictions and conflicts underscore the need for dialogue and cooperation to develop common international rules of behavior in cyberspace, which can contribute to ensuring international information security and stability.Conclusions. The international aspect of the China’s information security policy reveals various forms of interaction with other countries, each with its unique features. These relationships form a multi-level system of international information security, in which the PRC plays a key role, aiming to create a balanced and secure information space.

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ИНФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЗАЩИТЫ КОНФИДЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ

The problem of harmonization of approaches to the definition of information security objects is becoming increasingly relevant due to the growth of information arrays, the complexity of information technologies, technical and cryptographic means of information protection, and the increasing number of computer attacks, including on critical information infrastructure. Historically, the concept of objects of protection in Russia is associated with the requirements of state regulators, so it has different interpretations. The purpose of the study is to develop an infological model of information security objects. The goal of infological modeling may be to provide the most natural ways for a person to collect and present information about objects of protection for its consideration when creating protection systems and storing in a database. The author based on the analysis of the requirements of the main regulators of the Federal service according to the technical and export control of Russia and the Federal security service of Russia and the modeling method, an infological model of information security objects has been developed. This model is most consistent with the concept of object-oriented design, which is the basis for the development of complex software systems, the development of technology for designing databases of information security objects based on the ER-model. The entity-relationship model (ER-model) has several basic concepts, from which more complex objects are built according to predefined rules.

Research on the Protection System for Smart Grid Based on Phasor Information at Circuit Breakers

A smart grid protection system based on phasor information at circuit breakers is proposed in this paper. Phasor data for fault diagnosis is obtained from phasor measurement units or intelligent electronic devices installed near circuit breakers, without the need for additional measurement equipment. When a fault occurs, the protection system first locates the core protection circuit breaker closest to the fault point. It then identifies the faulty component by analyzing the current phasor differences between this breaker and adjacent ones. This scheme offers high computational efficiency, enabling rapid identification of faulty equipment and its precise location. The proposed protection system structure can be divided into two types: centralized and decentralized, and the most suitable scheme should be selected based on the actual situation. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed scheme was verified through the IEEE 39-bus system and a simulated actual area power grid model, demonstrating its applicability to practical smart grid scenarios. The simulation network validates the implementation method of the proposed protection strategy.

Control of a phytopathogenic infection in an apple orchard in the forest-steppe of Samara Oblast

The study evaluates a protection system by selecting and alternating fungicides having different mechanisms of action to exclude the emergence of resistant populations of apple tree pathogens. The experiments were started at Koshelevsky Posad LLC (Syzransky District, Samara Oblast) in 2022-2023. The orchard was planted in 2013-2014, with trees arranged in a 3.5×1.5 m grid; the 62-396 rootstock was used. The biological effectiveness of fungicide protection against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint.) and fruit rot (Monilia fructigena Pers.) was analyzed using ‘Berkutovskoye,’ ‘Kulikovskoye,’ ‘Kuibyshevskoye,’ ‘Lobo,’ and ‘Northern Sinap’ varieties. The protection system including contact and systemic agents having different mechanisms of action was developed according to the FRAC diagram for assessing the combined risk of fungicide resistance developing in phytopathogens, which takes into account the adaptation rate of organisms (emergence of new resistant types) to changing environmental conditions. An analysis of the correlation between the growth rate of apple-specific phytopathogens and weather conditions shows no significant relationship (0.032-0.245). In these studies, the anthropogenic factor-chemical treatment with fungicides – had a predominant effect on the development of scab and monilia in apple orchards along with weather factors. The yield of marketable apples in the experimental quarter of the orchard differed insignificantly from year to year. In 2023, the yield was lower; however, this fact can be probably attributed to the return of late frosts during apple blossom in Samara Oblast. Noteworthy is that for the ‘Berkutovskoye’ and ‘Lobo’ varieties, unmarketable apples did not exceed 5 and 12 %, respectively, in the studied quarter of the orchard. The protection system using fungicides (GC Shans) helped to optimize the phytosanitary condition of the orchard, thus reducing the amount of fallen fruit and providing a stable harvest of marketable apples.

Review of ethical values across the ICRP system of radiological protection.

In 2018, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) released Publication 138, which highlights the ethical values foundational to the system of radiological protection. Additional work, both within and beyond the ICRP, has proposed or recommended ethical values associated with applications of the system in different areas, perhaps most notably in medical, veterinary, and environmental radiological protection. There are also existing ethical frameworks not specifically related to radiological protection that are nonetheless relevant to its practice; for example, the Beauchamp and Childress principles of biomedical ethics are of particular significance when it comes to medical uses of radiation and radioactivity. At first glance, it may seem as if there are unique or isolated sets of ethical values that need to be applied depending on the circumstance. Yet while each area of application will indeed have its own unique aspects and associated value judgements, there are consistent and complementary relationships between these ethical values. This paper reviews the work of the ICRP related to ethics, including brief historical context, and highlights the similarities and differences between sets of ethical values with emphasis on medical, veterinary, and environmental applications of radiological protection.

Institutional fragmentation in United States protected area agencies and its impact on budget processes

PurposeProtected areas, lands and seas set aside for nature conservation, are the main tool for governments to conserve biodiversity. The complexity of government processes, however, can lead to fragmentation in protected area systems. Institutional fragmentation can preclude central coordination and undermine funding and performance. Here, we examine the impact of institutional fragmentation on budgets for protected area agencies in the United States, an important actor in the global conservation movement.Design/methodology/approachThis article uses visual text and network analysis with agency budget documents to examine linkages between agencies. These findings are triangulated with semi-structured interviews analyzed with axial coding to develop a framework for the budget process and its outcomes in US protected area agencies.FindingsThe visual text analysis demonstrates varying levels of coordination between agencies. The conceptual framework shows that five factors - mismatches within agencies, the influence of the Presidential administration, the power of Congress as the appropriator of funds, external forces that influence Congress, and a lack of accountability in allocations – lead to institutional fragmentation and “disparate nature enclaves”.Research limitations/implicationsInterview findings are derived from a non-representative population, and thus should not be generalized for all agencies or budget systems.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the factors influencing agency budget proposals will inform policy to make budgeting more effective for U.S. and other national protected area systems.Originality/valueFew studies have conducted qualitative analyses of federal agencies and their budgets, particularly for federal protected areas.

Reproductive Behavior of Adolescent Girls: Analysis of Risk Factors, Prospects of Prevention and Education

INTRODUCTION: Caring of reproductive health of children and adolescents in the society, especially of adolescent girls as a group most vulnerable to risks in the reproductive sphere, continues to be of high importance. The studies confirm that education and awareness about reproductive health can reduce the probability of problems occurring. The existing legal regulations emphasize the importance of providing accurate and timely information of reproductive health. AIM: Scientific justification of the strategy of forming safe reproductive behavior of adolescent girls on the basis of the peculiarities of their current reproductive behavior taking into account the opinion of specialists in the fields of education and healthcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the peculiarities of reproductive behavior of adolescent girls, an anonymous questionnaire survey of 400 adolescent girls was conducted. To determine the expectations of the participants of the sex education process, as well as the main directions of preventive work and education, a survey of 400 parents of adolescent girls, 86 pediatricians, 34 obstetricians-gynecologists and 420 teachers was conducted. For all groups of participants, author’s questionnaires were developed. RESULTS: The reproductive behavior of adolescent girls living in the territory of the Novosibirsk region, is characterized by early start of sex life (15.90 ± 0.14 years), promiscuity (1.70 ± 1.10 partners), refusal to use effective means of contraception. Parents of adolescent girls emphasize the leading role of the family in sex education, suggesting participation of doctors and teachers in the process, but remain dissatisfied with the intensity of preventive measures. A similar problem is emphasized by specialists in the healthcare and education systems who indicate the possibility of conducting preventive work with adolescent girls remotely. In the opinion of pediatricians and obstetricians-gynecologists, providing preventive information on the reproductive health and behavior, will not only create safe reproductive behavior for modern adolescents, but is also an effective strategy of improving the system of reproductive health protection. CONCLUSION: The study identified features of the reproductive behavior of adolescent girls that characterize it as risky. The results emphasize the need for an integrated approach to assessing and maintaining the health of adolescent girls, and also focus attention on the importance of educational work in this age group. The study serves as a basis for further preventive strategies in the field of reproductive health and education.

Reproductive Behavior of Adolescent Girls: Analysis of Risk Factors, Prospects of Prevention and Education

INTRODUCTION: Caring of reproductive health of children and adolescents in the society, especially of adolescent girls as a group most vulnerable to risks in the reproductive sphere, continues to be of high importance. The studies confirm that education and awareness about reproductive health can reduce the probability of problems occurring. The existing legal regulations emphasize the importance of providing accurate and timely information of reproductive health. AIM: Scientific justification of the strategy of forming safe reproductive behavior of adolescent girls on the basis of the peculiarities of their current reproductive behavior taking into account the opinion of specialists in the fields of education and healthcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the peculiarities of reproductive behavior of adolescent girls, an anonymous questionnaire survey of 400 adolescent girls was conducted. To determine the expectations of the participants of the sex education process, as well as the main directions of preventive work and education, a survey of 400 parents of adolescent girls, 86 pediatricians, 34 obstetricians-gynecologists and 420 teachers was conducted. For all groups of participants, author’s questionnaires were developed. RESULTS: The reproductive behavior of adolescent girls living in the territory of the Novosibirsk region, is characterized by early start of sex life (15.90 ± 0.14 years), promiscuity (1.70 ± 1.10 partners), refusal to use effective means of contraception. Parents of adolescent girls emphasize the leading role of the family in sex education, suggesting participation of doctors and teachers in the process, but remain dissatisfied with the intensity of preventive measures. A similar problem is emphasized by specialists in the healthcare and education systems who indicate the possibility of conducting preventive work with adolescent girls remotely. In the opinion of pediatricians and obstetricians-gynecologists, providing preventive information on the reproductive health and behavior, will not only create safe reproductive behavior for modern adolescents, but is also an effective strategy of improving the system of reproductive health protection. CONCLUSION: The study identified features of the reproductive behavior of adolescent girls that characterize it as risky. The results emphasize the need for an integrated approach to assessing and maintaining the health of adolescent girls, and also focus attention on the importance of educational work in this age group. The study serves as a basis for further preventive strategies in the field of reproductive health and education.

Heterogeneous Social Network Location Aware Multi Party Data Protection and Privacy System

Social networks are large online communities that allow users to interact and share information. They can be used to connect with friends, family, or potential romantic partners, build a business, or even find a job. The evolution of social media has led to a trend of posting daily photos on online Social Network Platforms (SNPs). The privacy of online photos is often protected carefully by security mechanisms. However, these mechanisms will lose effectiveness when someone spreads the photos to other platforms. This project proposes a blockchain based secure photo sharing framework that provides powerful dissemination control for heterogeneous social network photo sharing. In contrast to security mechanisms running separately in centralized servers that do not trust each other, this framework achieves consistent consensus on photo dissemination control through carefully designed smart contract-based protocols

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS IN ENHANCING CYBERSECURITY THREAT DETECTION AND RESPONSE MECHANISMS

This literature review explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on enhancing cybersecurity measures across various domains. The study systematically examines the integration of AI in Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), malware detection, phishing detection, threat intelligence, network security, and endpoint protection. Key findings reveal that AI-driven techniques significantly outperform traditional methods, particularly in real-time threat detection, accuracy, and adaptive response capabilities. Network-based IDS benefit from supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms, improving the identification of malicious network traffic and novel attack patterns. In malware detection, AI-enhanced static and dynamic analysis methods surpass signature-based approaches by detecting previously unknown malware and complex behaviors. Phishing detection has seen substantial improvements with AI applications in email filtering and URL analysis, reducing phishing incidents despite challenges like false positives. AI's role in threat intelligence is critical, automating data analysis to uncover hidden threats and employing predictive analytics to anticipate and mitigate cyber attacks. AI techniques in network security and endpoint protection enhance real-time monitoring and authentication processes, providing robust defenses against cyber intrusions. Despite these advancements, challenges such as handling high data volumes and the need for continuous learning to adapt to emerging threats remain. This review underscores the significant advancements, practical implementations, and ongoing challenges of leveraging AI in cybersecurity, highlighting its potential to fortify digital defenses and address the complexities of contemporary cyber threats.

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: from Diagnosis to Treatment

In recent years, medicine has faced the serious challenge of the covid pandemic, due to which representatives of the health care sector had to mobilize forces and resources to jointly overcome these problems. The rapid development of artificial intelligence, its learning capabilities, and in recent years the creation of a neural network opens up wide possibilities for the use of AI in medicine. Aims: To analyze the modern literature on the use of AI for diagnosis and treatment and to analyze what problems may arise with the uncontrolled introduction of artificial intelligence Methodology: When conducting a literature review, an analysis and generalization of data on the research topic from 2019 to 2024 was carried out. The literature search was carried out by keywords using the PubMed search engine. Results: The literature review demonstrated the use of artificial intelligence in medicine, which has grown significantly in recent years and continues its rapid development, which is associated with the improvement of innovative technologies. The use of artificial intelligence in diagnostics is associated with the use of a neural network, which makes it possible to identify digitized images for rapid diagnosis. The use of artificial intelligence in surgery is reflected in the application of da Vinci. Artificial intelligence has been widely used in anesthesiology. Scientific Novelty: The literature search established that the implementation of artificial intelligence in medicine creates certain challenges related to the protection of personal data, and the possibility of error is not excluded when using AI. Conclusion: The use of AI is promising for diagnosis and treatment and helps doctors quickly make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment, but certain challenges created by artificial intelligence must be solved by implementing more reliable personal data protection systems, as well as control over the information reproduced by artificial intelligence.