Protective Guard Research Articles

Design of an Effective Hybrid Protective Guard System in High Voltage Substations

Design of an Effective Hybrid Protective Guard System in High Voltage Substations

Work Safety and Safety Devices in Brazilian Wood Sawmills for the Improvement of Working Conditions

Workplace safety is essential to ensure the health and integrity of the worker. Sawmills are known for high risk and severe accidents, especially involving circular saws, tenoners and jointers, which can, however, be prevented through the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), employee training, and safety measures on machines and equipment. The aim of this study was to present a compilation of the data presented in the literature about the main risks in sawmills, regulatory standards, the construction of a safety system, and the safety devices to be used. To choose the best safety methods, it is crucial to evaluate the types of risks present. Among the most common risks in sawmill machinery are mechanical, electrical, thermal, noise-induced, vibration-induced, caused by materials and substances, and disregarding of ergonomic principles. To reduce these risks, sawmills should have action plans that comply with regulatory standards, such as the use of PPE, machinery and equipment protection, demarcation of danger zones, workplace cleanliness, and operator training. Safety devices used in sawmills help reduce accidents and should be chosen based on machine’s use, the nature and frequency of access, types of risks, and the probability and severity of injury. For circular saws, risks can be minimized through the use of basic protections such as a splitter and guards, in addition to a push device for wood pieces. Tenoners and jointers present higher risks with sharp tools in contact with body parts, protective guarding in hazardous areas is recommended. In all cases, the use of personal protective equipment is essential.

Investigation of thermo‐mechanical and viscoelastic properties of 3D‐printed Morinda citrifolia particle reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

AbstractThe current study focuses on the development of innovative bio‐based filaments using new natural lignocellulosic particles obtained from the bark of the Morinda citrifolia L. plant as reinforcement. Polylactic acid (PLA 4043D) filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm were produced by varying the volume fraction of M. citrifolia bark particles (MCBP) in three compositions (i.e., 0%, 3%, and 6%). These filaments were then used to print test specimens, which underwent quasi‐static mechanical tests (i.e., tensile and flexural; thermal characterization, thermo‐mechanical tests, and visco‐elastic analysis). The experimental findings demonstrated a remarkable improvement in the tensile strength (i.e., +15%) when the PLA was reinforced with 6% in volume of lignocellulosic particles. Additionally, 3% MCBP and 6% MCBP composites showed substantial increases in flexural strength and modulus (i.e., +25% and +34%), respectively; in comparison to the neat matrix. Moreover, the 3D‐printed composites exhibited significant enhancements in storage modulus, glass transition temperature, and structural stability at elevated temperatures. Hence, this work highlights the potential of the developed bio‐based filaments as feedstock filament material, enabling the production of various customized lightweight products in the automotive and sports industries like cycling helmets, protective guards, knee guards, etc.Highlights Innovative bio‐based filaments are developed for FDM 3D printing. Morinda citrifolia bark particles (MCBPs) reduce warping risk in PLA printing. The hot crystallization enthalpy of PLA increases with the addition of MCBP. 6% MCBP‐PLA exhibits the best mechanical performances. MCBP reinforcement reduces the thermal expansion of PLA.

Minimizing the risk of patient head injury in cardiac catheterization laboratory

Purpose: Head injury is a reportable event in hospital. Although the occurrence of unexpected head injury during cardiac catheterization examination is somewhat unpredictable, it is believed that to a certain extent, this type of unexpected head injury may be preventable, or at least the risk can be minimized.Methods: The National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS) nursing team, together with Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) faculty members from Health and Social Sciences and Engineering clusters, aimed to design a “protective Guard” that could easily be mounted onto the diagnostic fluoroscopic imaging equipment, for the purpose of minimize the risk of head injury that caused by patients who may suddenly tried to get up or lift up his head and hit their head against the diagnostic fluoroscopic imaging machine during cardiac invasive procedure.Results: A disposable “Protective Guard” was manufactured by SIT with inputs from the NHCS Cardiac Catherization Laboratory team. It can easily be mounted and dismantled and can effectively serve as a shock absorbent if the head hit against the diagnostic fluoroscopic imaging machine. The staff in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory were given some samples for trial. Their responses on user satisfaction survey were very good.Conclusion: As part of the spirit of continuous improvement, the NHCS nursing team has constantly been on the lookout for areas to improve patient experience and address preventable issues.Here, we are showcasing a collaborative qualitative improvement project between SIT and NHCS on minimizing the potential risk of patient head injury during cardiac invasive procedures. Although head injury incident is extremely rare, it has a significant impact to the hospital and staff working in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory. Indeed, patient safety and experience always the no.1 priority in the healthcare industry. Purpose: Head injury is a reportable event in hospital. Although the occurrence of unexpected head injury during cardiac catheterization examination is somewhat unpredictable, it is believed that to a certain extent, this type of unexpected head injury may be preventable, or at least the risk can be minimized. Methods: The National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS) nursing team, together with Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) faculty members from Health and Social Sciences and Engineering clusters, aimed to design a “protective Guard” that could easily be mounted onto the diagnostic fluoroscopic imaging equipment, for the purpose of minimize the risk of head injury that caused by patients who may suddenly tried to get up or lift up his head and hit their head against the diagnostic fluoroscopic imaging machine during cardiac invasive procedure. Results: A disposable “Protective Guard” was manufactured by SIT with inputs from the NHCS Cardiac Catherization Laboratory team. It can easily be mounted and dismantled and can effectively serve as a shock absorbent if the head hit against the diagnostic fluoroscopic imaging machine. The staff in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory were given some samples for trial. Their responses on user satisfaction survey were very good. Conclusion: As part of the spirit of continuous improvement, the NHCS nursing team has constantly been on the lookout for areas to improve patient experience and address preventable issues. Here, we are showcasing a collaborative qualitative improvement project between SIT and NHCS on minimizing the potential risk of patient head injury during cardiac invasive procedures. Although head injury incident is extremely rare, it has a significant impact to the hospital and staff working in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory. Indeed, patient safety and experience always the no.1 priority in the healthcare industry.

Evaluation of awareness, attitude, and knowledge about emergency management of avulsed tooth in rural people: A questionnaire based study

Introduction: Tooth avulsion is a typical dental trauma requiring emergency treatment plan. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and perception of the rural population regarding tooth avulsion and its management. Materials and method: The patients from the outpatient department were screened for a period of two months. A 13 question questionnaire was given to the participant to mark option of their choice. Informed consent along with demographic data was signed. All the sheets were collected and responses were fed in MS Excel sheet (v.2007) to analyze the data. Results: Total 454 among 500 were included in the study. It was found that not all people wear helmet and mouth protective guard. The rural population had lack of knowledge and awareness in management of avulsed tooth. Around 85% people would consult the dentist in case of dental avulsion. About 76% people were unaware regarding carrier media used to carry avulsed tooth and majority preferred it to carry it dry to the dentist. Majority (81%) of the people were interested to gain the knowledge regarding same. Conclusion: There is necessity to raise public awareness about tooth avulsion, carrier media, and treatment options. There is need make people aware about importance of wearing helmets and mouth guards that lowers the chances of dentofacial trauma.

Organizacioni sistem policije za zaštitu prirode - uloga čuvarske službe za zaštitu prirode u očuvanju prirode u Mađarskoj

There are several groups of questions that make up the subject of this critical and expert analysis of the problems of the organizational system of law enforcement regarding nature protection - the role of the nature protection service in nature protection in Hungary. Special attention is paid to the reasons for the need for environmental protection and the presentation of key laws and bylaws that regulate the protection of the natural environment in Hungary. In addition, there are questions about the role of the nature protection service as a special organizational law enforcement unit in Hungary, primarily: Organizational systems of the nature protection service and its functions and duties; Means for their functioning; Requirements that must be met by members of the service; The principles of its functioning - first of all, the principles of necessity and proportionality; Measures that the nature protection guard can take - their numerous powers for achieving the desired level of environmental protection, etc. The key result of the analysis of the issue in question is that, although nature protection transcends national borders, this in no way means that states do not have a clear duty to protect exceptional natural goods on their territory. On the contrary, this protection is a societal obligation. The state's obligation of institutional protection manifests in the creation of a legal order and an institutional framework that can provide adequate protection. One of the ways to achieve the desired degree of nature protection, when it comes to Hungary, is introducing special services within the police force that are in charge of law enforcement with a specific system of tasks - rights and obligations.

Design, simulation, and analysis using 316 stainless-steel alloy based automatic protection guard for bike

An automatic protection guard for bikes reduces the impact to the side panels, engine, and the rider's leg when the bike collides with the ground, which follows the reverse quick return mechanism. Include a tilt sensor to monitor the bike's lean angle to activate the system and a wave spring inside the hollow bars to absorb the impact. A tilt sensor will be installed and will set a lean angle to the system. When the bike crosses the calibrated lean angle, the system activates and releases the bars from the system installed onto the bike frame and will take the first contact with the ground surface. To match real-life situations, the time taken for the protection guards to move from initial position to extreme position has been calculated using solid Works motion analysis with an average time taken is 0.14 s, and to find the total deformation different loads and different spring constants have been applied using Ansys software the average deformation is 12 mm. The system helps the rider to ride the bike in a safe mode. The total design system is dynamic and varies with the bike segment but follows the same mechanism.

Overcoming the blood-brain barrier in neurodegenerative disorders and brain tumours.

Drug delivery is one of the major challenges in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. The brain needs to be protected from harmful agents, which are done by the capillary network, the so-called blood-brain barrier (BBB). This protective guard also prevents the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain and limits the effectiveness of treatment. For this reason, various strategies have been explored by scientists for overcoming the BBB from disruption of the BBB to targeted delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) and cells and immunotherapy. In this review, different promising brain drug delivery strategies including disruption of tight junctions in the BBB, enhanced transcellular transport by peptide-based delivery, local delivery strategies, NP delivery, and cell-based delivery have been fully discussed.

Artificial Intelligence Fights Crime and Terrorism at a New Level

High expansion of urban population and infrastructure complemented by recent geopolitical world events, triggered an increasingly alarming number of threats. Law enforcement authorities are now challenged to redesign societal security concepts. Although current technological advances eased the information access, e.g., via video surveillance cameras, satellite data, drones, wearables, manual analysis of such big and diverse data to extract strategic knowledge is not a solution anymore. There is the critical need for automatic solutions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the breakthrough of deep neural networks opened a new perspective for providing such solutions with a human-grade accuracy. Here, we provide a snapshot of our AI research for counter terrorism on automatic person and object identification, retrieval of speech intelligence, and dissimulated behavior analysis. The research was carried out during the UEFISCDI SPIA-VA research project at CAMPUS Research Center, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, with the participation of UTI Grup and of the Military Equipment and Technologies Research Agency (ACTTM), having as public beneficiary the Protection Guard Service, Romania (SPP).

Musculoskeletal Injuries Associated With Hoverboard Use in Children.

Hoverboards burst onto the scene with wide popularity only to be quickly deemed unsafe and banned in many arenas. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 35 patients seen in our outpatient pediatric orthopedic office over a 1-year period. The mean age of injured patients was 11.14 years; 18 patients were male (51.4%), and 17 were female (48.5%). The highest number of injuries occurred in children 10 to 14 years old who had 57.1% of the injuries. There were a total of 31 fractures in 27 patients. Most of the fractures were in the upper extremities (93.6 %). Also, 9 soft-tissue injuries were found in 8 patients; 88.9 % of injuries occurred in the upper extremities. Most of the injuries were secondary to a fall (94.3%). We found that the most common injury was upper-extremity fracture. We suggest restricting riding <16 years and encourage protective equipment, especially elbow and wrist guards.

Occupational health scenario of Indian informal sector

Workers in the Indian informal sector are engaged with different occupations. These occupations involve varied work related hazards. These occupational hazards are a consequent risk to health. The study aimed to determine occupational health scenario in the Indian Informal sector. One thousand eleven hundred twenty two workers from five different occupations namely weaving (handloom and power loom), construction, transportation, tobacco processing and fish processing were assessed by interviewer administered health questionnaire. Workers suffered from musculo-skeletal complaints, respiratory health hazards, eye problems and skin related complaints. There was a high prevalence of self-reported occupational health problems in the selected sectors. The study finds that workers have occupational exposures to multiple hazards. The absence of protective guards aggrevate their health condition. The study attempts to draws an immediate attention on the existing health scenario of the Indian Informal sector.

Equivalent circuit for the thermal analysis of cables in non‐vented vertical risers

This study presents an alternative methodological approach for thermal rating of power cables installed in vertical risers covered by unvented circular protective guards. An analogue thermal-electrical circuit is proposed for the thermal analysis of cables inside vertical risers. The proposed equivalent analogue model is verified by means of indoor experiments and finite-element simulations with various cable and riser geometries for various load currents. Single cable and trefoil configurations are studied. Analysis performed on measured, simulated and calculated data establish the validity of the proposed model. Computations performed using the proposed method give results within 5% of measured conductor temperature. It is concluded that increasing riser height has minimal or insignificant impact on conductor temperature, whereas, reducing riser diameter, holding other variables constant increases conductor temperature and therefore reduces cable ampacity.

Internações por quedas no Rio Grande do Sul: intervenções de enfermagem partindo de fatores ambientais

Doi: 10.5902/2179769213641 Objective: to explore records of falls in Rio Grande do Sul, relating these to potential nursing intervention to reduce these events. Method: this is a descriptive ecological study, which presents data on hospitalizations for falls between the years 2008 to 2012, accessed at the Department of the Unified Health System. Results: falls at the same level caused by slipping, tripping or missteps amounted to 63.1 % of the records during the study period. The indications found in hospital mortality rates and mean hospital stay suggest reference to more complex demands for health services. Conclusion: the implementation of environmental measures such as reduction of carpets and stairs, adoption of rubberized material on the floor, grab bars, beds with protective guards and sensitive to motion lighting, combined with educational measures could reduce the number of hospitalizations with falls.

Enzymatic Pathways of Intracellular Survival, Replication and Phagosomal Escape of Francisella spp.: A Review

Francisella tularensis is an important microbial agent which causes the severe infection of tularemia. The intracellular life cycle of this bacterium is supported by a vast range of protective guards such as enzymes. Although several enzymes are recognized in different subspecies of the bacterium, acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase are seen in all bacterial subspecies. On the other hand, the most important enzymatic system relating to host cells is NADPH oxidase. For this reason, the clear aim of this mini-review is to discuss about the intracellular life cycle of Francisella tularensis and important enzymatic machineries in association to bacterium and its host cells. As a result, all of the biological systems including bacterial (prokaryotic) and host (eukaryotic) cells are protected by their enzymatic machineries. There are a wide range of enzymes within organisms. But, NADPH oxidase (in host cells), acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase (in all of Francisella tularensis subspecies) were the main enzymes in this discussion. In conclusion, detection and identification of the enzymatic machineries and their activities enables us to find out appropriate mechanisms for definite therapeutic methods.

Study of Shock Attenuation for Impacted Safety Barriers

Romania is increasing and modernizing its highway network to manage the new transportation system as a result of the development of its economy. It is consequently important that the roads system should be efficiently responsible to the standard traffic requirements. Every safety barrier producer must have an investigation report, known as crash-test. Protective guardrails have as most important aim the redirection of the vehicles on the roadway, ensuring directing pedestrians and other road users. Safety barriers are situated on hazardous road sections in terms of traffic security, to keep vehicles on roadway. Crash-tests are quite expensive and given that they have need of specialized services and qualified personnel, the result is that important decisions are quite often based on the results of a few full-scale impact tests. At present, worldwide, protective guard rails are manufactured in different geometric configurations, depending on different fixing modes in soil, in order to enlarge impact strength capacity for different types of collisions. In this paper, the authors propose and analyze the impact behavior of two new safety guardrail systems in order to raise the impact energy absorption. The tests were performed using as impact or a 1500kg Chevrolet C1500 pick-up truck from the NCAC models library.

Tamper proofing technique based on three-thread protection and software guard

Software guard is a dynamic tamper proofing technique.However,the guard cannot guarantee its own security and is easy to be bypassed or removed by hacker.This paper studied this problem and implemented a dynamic tamper proofing method combining three-thread architecture with software guard,which used improved three-thread structure to protect the guard security.Compared to the traditional three-thread protection technique,the improved three-thread structure increased the protection and difficulty to attack by the mutual watch and protection between remote thread and watch thread.The experimental results show that the software guard protected by the improved three-thread structure can not only prevent software tampering attacks but also prevent the attack to the guard itself effectively.

스포츠전공 남학생의 구강악안면 외상과 보호구 착용 및 스트레스와의 관련성

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between stress and maxillofacial injuries in male students. Methods : The subjects were 386 male students who were 18 years or more. Mean age was <TEX>$20.99{\pm}2.80$</TEX> years. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire from March 7 to March 28, 2013. We surveyed maxillofacial injuries, mouth guards use and stress in male students majoring physical education. The data were analyzed by Cochran's Mantel-Haenszel, McNemar test and logistic multiple regression. Results : Those who had clenching habit and maxillofacial pain accounted for 48.7%. The pain was 3.23 folds higher in clenching habit than those who had not (OR=3.23, p <.001). The more stress they had, the more clenching habit (OR=2.13) and pain(OR=1.68) did they have. Within 2 years, those having maxillofacial injury accounted for 53.2% and 78.6% of them put on maxillofacial protection guard. In rule for mouth guard use, 39.9% had no maxillofacial injury. Maxillofacial injury was 2.41 folds higher in those who had no mouth guard usee (OR=2.41). Conclusion : Maxillofacial injury had a close correlation with mouth guard use and stress. Therefore, it is very important to establish the rule for mouth guard use in sports activities.

‘Balancing risk’ after fall‐induced hip fracture: the older person's need for information

Hip fracture is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older people. Healthcare professionals have a role to identify and respond to challenges and concerns that older people face as they strive to manage risk of future falls and rebuild confidence and independence after discharge. This study aimed to explore the postdischarge concerns of older people after fall-induced hip fracture. Glaser's approach to the grounded theory method guided qualitative interviews conducted with 19 older people in their own homes up to 3 months post discharge, in two health authority areas. A theory of 'taking control' was generated. 'Balancing risk' emerged as a key strategy that older people employed to help them to take control after discharge home. Older people attempted to control or 'balance' their risk of future falls and dependence by implementing two further strategies: 'protective guarding' and 'following orders'. The instinctive strategy of protective guarding and the learned strategy of following orders were implemented simultaneously and were characterised by older people aiming to pace their progress and balance risk safely and appropriately. To apply these strategies, older people required information from healthcare professionals. In circumstances where older people did not receive or did not understand the information provided, they were left 'grasping to understand' and were more likely to miscalculate risk. This leads to damaged confidence and in some cases further falls. The concept of balancing risk aims to help healthcare professionals understand the older person's perspective of hip fracture and to recognise the efforts that people make to guard against further injury and dependence in the early postdischarge period.

Attitudes towards the use of mouth and face guards in Swedish ice hockey: part 2. Results

The yearly cost of sports injuries, which affects Swedish society, is estimated to 3billion SEK (460 million USD). Injuries in ice hockey represent at least 270 million SEK (42 million USD). Despite the high number of injuries, mouth and face guards are rarely used in Swedish ice hockey. The major aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of mouth and face guards in two ice hockey clubs in Sweden (one elite and one division 3 club). A second purpose was to determine why some players use mouth and face guards, while others do not. A third goal was to present a material that ice hockey clubs could use for further discussions. A phenomenographic analysis of focus groups interviews. The phenomenographic analysis of the data resulted in 12 categories. Within each category, issues, activities and engagement of the participants were described. Further, similarities and differences in the discussions between the elite club and the division 3 club were described. The following categories were found to engage the participants the most: 'Ice hockey is a high-velocity collision sport in which injuries are expected', 'Attitudes towards personal protection guards' and 'Suggested measures'. The participants were aware of the risk of playing ice hockey, but they know little about the consequences of a dental injury. Although ice hockey players wish to protect themselves, they refuse to accept just any mouth or face guard. Through the discussions about reducing dental and jaw injuries by routine use of protection devices, many reform proposals were presented that could be useful in future discussions.

Effectiveness of protective foot and forearm guards in Taekwondo

Effectiveness of protective foot and forearm guards in Taekwondo