Protection Of Components Research Articles

Human Health, Environmental Comfort and Well-Being. Part 2. Ecological Comfort as a New and Strategic Factor in the Protection of Modern Human Health

Since the dawn of humanity, human beings have inherently sought a state of security, trying to make their existence as comfortable as possible. Accordingly, among the many factors affecting human health, comfort and well-being, the quality of the micro-environment and ecology, as well as the health care system and health-saving resources, are important. In this regard, environmental security, with its systemic nature, brings a significant contribution to the PPM model by optimizing the state of balance in the interrelationship of natural, anthropogenic, physiological and social processes. Accordingly, individualized nutrition and pharmacointervention for preventive and prophylactic purposes, being important tools for health preservation, represent an integrative approach aimed at understanding the interaction between nutrition and the environment within the formed or formed lifestyle. This review will consider the main components of human health protection, as well as their impact on the preservation of ecobiocenosis stability.

Comparative analysis of the performance of Thin Spray-on Liner with shotcrete and mesh support

In order to study the effect of different surface protection components, such as Thin Spray-on Liner (TSL), in the support system of prestressed bolts on the critical rock mass, based on the similarity theory, physical modeling tests were designed and carried out for the support of the critical rock mass by the combination of NPR bolts and PR bolts with three types of surface protection components, such as TSL, sprayed concrete, and metal mesh, respectively. The test results show that the three types of surface protection components can significantly increase the threshold value of crack development of the critical rock specimen and effectively improve the peak bearing capacity of the critical rock body, and at the same time, the NPR bolts with higher strength and elongation have a more significant effect on the improvement of the peak bearing capacity of the critical rock specimen. In addition, TSL and spray-mixed support and specimen surface can realize close fit, in the loading of the early support response is more timely, in the late loading, compared with the spray-mixed material in the rupture of debris collapse, TSL in the occurrence of tearing can still be tightly adhered to the specimen proximity surface of the rock specimen, to prevent specimen debris fall. For the phenomenon of TSL coating rupture in the experiments, the energy balance equation was established to analyze the connection between the actual energy absorption effect and the theoretical value of the combination of TSL and bolts under the pre-stressed bolts support system, and it was found that the combination of pre-stressed bolts and TSL greatly improved the actual energy absorption effect of the support system as a whole, and the analytical results of the various experimental subgroups showed better results than the theoretical values. The analysis results of the subgroups show a good fit.

Profiling Bioactive Components of Natural Eggshell Membrane (NEM) for Cartilage Protection and Its Protective Effect on Oxidative Stress in Human Chondrocytes

The current study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of the natural eggshell membrane (NEM) and its protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human chondrocytes (SW-1353). Bioactive components from NEM related to cartilage were profiled, consisting of 1.1 ± 0.07% hyaluronic acid, 1.2 ± 0.25% total sulfated glycosaminoglycans as chondroitin sulfate, 3.1 ± 0.33% collagen, and 54.4 ± 2.40% total protein. Protein was hydrolyzed up to 43.72 ± 0.76% using in vitro gastro–intestinal digestive enzymes. Peptides eluted at 9.58, 12.46, and 14.58 min using nano-LC-ESI-MS were identified as TEW, SWVE, and VYL peptides with an M/Z value of 435.1874, 520.2402, and 394.2336, respectively. Radical scavenging activity of NEM at 10 mg/mL using the ABTS assay was revealed to be 2.1 times higher than that of the positive control. NEM treatment significantly enhanced cellular SOD expression (p < 0.05). Pre-treatment with NEM (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL) dose-dependently reduced H2O2-induced ROS levels in SW-1353. Cell live imaging confirmed that NEM pre-treatment led to a significant reduction in apoptosis expression compared to control. Results from the present study suggest that NEM rich in cartilage protective components including hyaluronic acid, collagen, and chondroitin antioxidative peptides could be a potential therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis (OA) by scavenging oxidative stress.

Activity of photosynthetic pigments and the antioxidant system in sunflower under drought stress

Background. The study is of particular importance in view of the increasing pace of global climate aridization. The article highlights the results of an experiment on the effect of drought on the physiological status of seedlings of cv. ‘Poseidon 625’ representing an important food crop – sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Materials and methods. The experiment included a group of control samples grown with sufficient moisture and four impact groups subjected to osmotic stress. The intensity of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) was measured by the reaction of malondialdehyde (MDA) with thiobarbeturic acid; catalase activity was assessed by a photocolorimetric method based on the interaction between hydrogen peroxide and potassium iodide; the content of pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Сar) was calculated spectrophotometrically in acetone extract. Results. The degree of POL accumulation in the impact groups of the experiment was found to be many times higher than the values in the control samples, which was confirmed by a rapid increase in the MDA concentration in response to a growing water shortage. The accumulation of oxygen free radicals triggered the mechanisms of antioxidant protection of seedlings by synthesizing catalase, the concentration of which increased proportionally to the accumulation of POL. At the same time, the rapid accumulation of POL in the absence of irrigation and under osmotic stress of 3 and 5 atm led to a suppression of low-molecular-weight components of protection (carotenoids) and activation of their synthesis only when critical values of osmotic stress were reached. Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, catalase was identified as the main component of antioxidant protection in sunflower seedlings. Due to the activation of its synthesis, the concentrations of Chl a and Chl b decreased, attesting to the activation of the mechanisms protecting the photosynthetic activity in seedlings, and their antioxidant status.

Updating assembly parameters for spacecraft assembly process state changes: based on data fusion method

Thermal protection systems (TPSs) are important components of reusable spacecraft, and their assembly quality has a crucial impact on flight safety. Owing to the complex assembly process and variable states of spacecraft thermal protection systems, assembly parameters may vary under different assembly states. Therefore, to obtain assembly parameters accurately and efficiently under different assembly states, in this study, 3D point cloud data and fiber optic sensor data were fused to develop an assembly parameter update method for assembly process state changes. Firstly, based on the measured data of thermal protection components and load-bearing structure, the gap, flush and matching parameters solution model are proposed. Secondly, to address the deformation problem of the load-bearing structure caused by changes in assembly status, a fusion method based on laser scanning and sensor detection was devised to achieve deformation prediction of the assembly structure during the assembly process. Thirdly, based on the assembly parameter solution model and point cloud prediction model, a constraint-based assembly parameter optimisation model was established, and an improved quantum particle swarm optimisation (LQPSO) algorithm was employed to achieve assembly parameter updates oriented toward changes in assembly status. Finally, an experimental system for array-based thermal protection structure simulation was established to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed parameter update method can achieve ideal results for different assembly state simulation components.

A novel 3D composite auxetic sandwich panel for energy absorption improvement

In recent years, great research value has been attributed to sandwich structures as energy-absorbing components in structural protection due to their lightweight advantages. However, research on improving the energy absorption of sandwich structures by studying 3D sandwich cores is rare. Therefore, this work proposes a 3D re-entrant four-pointed star sandwich panel (RFSP) to enhance energy absorption. Grille sandwich panels (GSP) and re-entrant sandwich panels (RSP) serve as the control groups. The results show that the 3D RFSP has higher load-bearing capacity and stable deformation. Moreover, its cores compact later, which improves energy absorption. The EA of the RFSP is 1.49 times that of the GSP and 2.96 times that of the RSP. The SEA of the RFSP is 1.17 times that of the GSP and 2.33 times that of the RSP. The structure proposed in this manuscript can be applied to automotive crash beams and components of soft robots, among other applications. Furthermore, the design of 3D sandwich structures is also beneficial for the design of prefabricated sandwich panels.

Combined Wind Turbine Protection System

The increasing deployment of wind turbines in technologically advanced nations underscores the need to enhance their reliability, extend their operational lifespan, and minimize failures. The current protection devices for wind turbine components do not sufficiently shield them from various external factors that degrade performance. This study addresses the environmental and technical challenges that disrupt wind turbine operations and reviews existing research and technical solutions for protecting individual components, supported by experimental findings. Using a decomposition method followed by the integration of protection components, we propose a combined protection system designed to improve the overall resilience of wind turbines. The proposed system aims to reduce incidents, extend service life, and increase reliability, addressing a critical gap in wind energy technology and contributing to its continued development and efficiency.

Problems and solutions to protection of carbon-graphite electrodes

This paper presents literature review of the existing problems and solutions in protecting carbongraphite electrodes from the destructive environment of arc steel-making furnaces, magnesium and aluminum cells. The most significant publications on the corrosion resistance of cathodes and anodes in relation to physical, chemical, and electrochemical wear, to oxidizing environments, to active components of the introduction and destruction of the carbon structure are discussed. An analysis of various proposals and engineering solutions for reducing or eliminating the impact of aggressive environments on electrodes under specific operating conditions of metallurgical units is carried out. It was established that losses from lateral oxidation of the electrode surface of arc steel-making furnaces, when passing the temperature zone of 600–800°C, may reach 40–60% of the total consumption. Carbon-graphite products are subject to a significant destructive effect of the specific interaction of carbon with elements and compounds of the working environment, which can be introduced (intercalate) into the interlayer structure of carbon. The existing engineering and technological solutions mainly apply to the protection of the product surface; moreover, they perform their functions for a short time, rather than during the entire service life of the metallurgical unit. In this connection, it is proposed to focus on ensuring volumetric protection of electrodes from the effects of an aggressive environment. Intermediate results obtained in the field of synthesis of carbonbased composite materials adapted to the conditions of electrode production at existing enterprises are presented, along with the results of studies into the oxidizability of these composites. The existing and proposed engineering solutions for protecting the surface of carbon products have not received wide recognition or are not used in the metallurgical industry. Among the most probable reasons are the limited period of electrode surface protection, the complexity of reproduction, or the lack of profitability due to the high cost of protective components. In this regard, synthesis of C – TiC/TiB2 composite electrodes based on petroleum coke and graphite seems to be a promising research direction.

Experimental and simulation study on seismic performance of seawater sea-sand PVA cementitious composite columns with GFRP bars

The seismic properties of seven seawater sea-sand (SWSS) PVA cementitious composite columns with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars were studied. The effects of four parameters, namely polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber content, axial compression ratio, cementitious composite strength and stirrup spacing, on the seismic performance of composite columns were analyzed. The failure of the specimen was observed, and the hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, ductility and strain of the specimen were analyzed. The test results show that the large chip-based spalling will occur when the specimen without fiber incorporation is damaged, and the incorporation of PVA fiber, the reduction of stirrup spacing and the reduction of axial compression ratio will delay the rate of crack formation and development. In addition, through cross-section analysis and considering the reinforcement effect of PVA fibers, a proposed formula for calculating the horizontal bearing capacity of composite columns is proposed. Finally, the finite element model of SWSS PVA cementitious composite columns with GFRP bars is established, and it is found that increasing the strength grade of cementitious materials can greatly improve the seismic performance of composite columns. The conclusions could be references for the engineering application. In the context of the global emphasis on green development and environmental protection, seawater and sea-sand cementitious composites and components with fiber reinforcement will have a wide range of application prospects in the construction of coastal areas.

The 140 GHz notch filter development for millimeter-wave diagnostics protection on the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X

The notch filter plays a crucial role as a protective component in microwave diagnostics, primarily by addressing issues related to catastrophic interference. Designed for millimeter-wave diagnostics on the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), a WR-6 waveguide-based notch filter has been successfully developed to effectively isolate leakage from auxiliary heating gyrotrons operating at 140 GHz. The filter incorporates cylindrical cavities resonating at 140 GHz for the TE11p mode, with coupling structures that are designed and optimized for high-efficiency coupling. This configuration simplifies fabrication, thereby ensuring high-yield production. Experimental fabrication and in-house characterization confirm the notch filter's exceptional performance, with over 60 dB rejection in the vicinity of 140 GHz and low insertion loss (< 2 dB) above and below the notch frequency across a broad frequency bandwidth (121–138 GHz, 142–163 GHz). The utilization of this high-frequency structure fabrication technology can be applied to millimeter-wave diagnostics on other machines. In addition to the design elements of the notch filter, this paper also provides a detailed discussion of the fabrication process and methodology.

ChronoBak: Automated cost-effective incremental backup software for large-scale data

Background: Data backup is an important component of data protection and management. It is especially imperative to back up large-scale data to guard against losses due to hardware failure, unauthorized access, software/system malfunction, and unintended deletion. However, businesses and organizations suffer from the financial investment required for data backup and recovery systems. Health-care systems suffer from data breaches and hacking incidents, which increase annually. Therefore, a cost-effective and highly secure backup approach is necessary. Methods: Seven different backup scripts were written in bash within Linux, and Crontab was used as the core chronological scheduler to execute the backup scripts on specific dates and times. These bash scripts, together with Crontab as their scheduler, were used to implement automated incremental backups on a Unix/Linux-based system. Results: ChronoBak is a collection of bash scripts that are compiled and executed through Crontab, which is a standard Unix/Linux function used to schedule hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly maintenance routines using Linux scripts. This strategy enabled us to implement cost-effective incremental backups within any time range. Conclusion: We developed ChronoBak software, which executes an automated incremental backup that is scheduled efficiently and systematically using standard and hidden directories, thereby providing an additional layer of security against cyber threats and system malfunctions.

Coupling highly reactive RuP2 with amorphous WP for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution

Electrochemical water splitting stands out as an environmentally benign approach for generating green H2 through the harnessing of intermittent energy derived from renewable sources. However, the slow water dissociation kinetics hinders the commercialization for water-alkali electrolyzer. In this study, we synthesize a novel porous nanocomposite (RuP2/WP/PNC3-A) combined with RuP2 and amorphous WP by a facile and eco-friendly strategy. Detailed research results demonstrate that biomass-derived phytic acid not only promotes the formation of active metal phosphides, but also serves as a pore-forming agent to assist in the constructing a hierarchical porous structure, significantly enhancing the mass and electron transfer capability. Particularly noteworthy is that WP prevents the aggregation of RuP2. During the post-treatment process more protected RuP2 components are released and meanwhile leads to the conversion of WP from crystalline to amorphous. Benefitting from the applicable H adsorption ability of RuP2 and the enhanced H2O adsorption, dissociation capacity by amorphous WP, RuP2/WP/PNC3-A exhibits astonishing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, requiring an exceedingly low overpotential (only 24 mV) under 10 mA cm−2, featuring small Tafel slope (64.6 mV dec−1), and demonstrating excellent durability.

Investigation of Gnetum Gnemon and Ramie Natural Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Composites with the Combination of Aramid and Carbon Fiber as Reinforcement for Military Personnel Applications

Every equipment infrastructure in a TNI unit will be needed to support an operation in the defence system to maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Personal protective equipment is needed for a war operation’s safety or continuity. Protective components made from composite fibers have the advantage of being resistant to corrosion caused by the environment. The natural and carbon fibers will be mixed/reinforced with epoxy resin to become composite materials. This study aims to identify Gnetum Gnemon fiber composites with carbon fiber and aramid fiber to determine the mechanical properties of the composite material resulting from a collision. Natural fiber Gnetum gnemon has not been widely studied as a reinforcing material for polymer composites. Gnetum gnemon fiber chemical composition is hemicellulose approx. 25%, 40% alpha cellulose, 10% lignin and 3-5% benzene extractive. Its density is quite light, 1.2087 g/cm³ - 1.8069 g/cm³. Because this fiber has a continuous fiber structure and a strong natural weave, its use is still minimal. Special treatment such as alkali treatment on Gnetum gnemon, can increase the strength of natural fibers. Due to its exceptional mechanical properties, Kevlar or aramid fibre are extensively used in industrial and military applications. The aramid fiber exhibited a transversely anisotropic nature in a small strain range, with its stress-strain behavior as linear and elastic. The anisotropic nature of the aramid fiber was due to its high tensile-to-shear modulus ratio. The high strength and modulus were also found to be scattered due to the larger distribution of defects in the longer fiber. Epoxy resin is a type of polymer characterized often by one or more epoxide functional groups, with at least one of the epoxide functional groups acting as a monomer and terminal unit of the polymer within the structural chain.

Design and Analysis of Small Fallen Leaf Collection, Crushing, and Recycling Vehicle

Leaf recycling, a crucial component of urban environmental protection, aims to systematically collect and reuse fallen leaves on streets. At present, fallen leaves are usually cleaned manually by sanitation workers, and environmental protection departments then use special cars to transport fallen leaves to treatment stations for incineration. This not only requires a significant amount of labor and material resources but also causes air pollution and wastes fallen leaves. In this study, a collecting, crushing, and recycling vehicle was designed to solve this problem. The proposed device significantly improves the efficiency of collecting fallen leaves and facilitates their secondary utilization. The design process is described in detail, including the working design of the entire device, static analysis, and transmission system design. The entire vehicle model was 3D printed to verify that the initial design concept satisfies the assembly and production requirements of the device.

Enhancing biphenylene sensitivity for BF3 detection via nitrogen doping: A DFT study

The detection and monitoring of toxic gases are critical components of environmental protection. Boron trifluoride (BF3), in particular, poses a significant threat to both the environment and human health due to its destructive properties. To address this challenge, the development of highly reactive and sensitive sensors for detecting and trapping BF3 is essential. This study explores the potential of pristine biphenylene (BP), boron-doped BP (B-BP), and nitrogen-doped BP (N-BP) as gas sensors for BF3 detection using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M062X/6–31 g(d,p) level of theory. We found that nitrogen doping significantly enhances the reactivity of BP toward BF3 originating from strong chemisorption with an adsorption energy of −9.38 kcal/mol. This is accompanied by a notable 19.96 % change in the electronic energy gap, making N-BP an exceptionally sensitive material for gas detection. The results will be supported by natural bond orbital analysis, providing a detailed electronic analysis of the sensing capabilities of N-BP. Our results suggest that n-type doping can be an effective strategy to enhance both the reactivity and sensitivity of carbon-based monolayers for detecting boron trifluoride.

Dynamic ablation of C/C-SiC-AlSi and C/C-SiC-ZrB2-AlSi at changing impacted angle

Thermal protection component and jet vane of aircraft with trajectory transfer ability are attacked by heat flow from variable direction. To understand the dynamic ablation characteristics, C/C-SiC-AlSi and C/C-SiC-ZrB2-AlSi were ablated in plasma at cyclic changing impacted angle (±45o) and compared with the conventional test at steady state. Accompanied with higher and fluctuant surface temperatures, the periodical changed stress from scouring accelerated the consumption of AlSi matrix and strengthened the mechanical denudation of carbon fiber, which led to severer ablations in the dynamic environment.

Penundaan Berlarut (Undue Delay) Penanganan Perkara Dugaan Tindak Pidana Penghalang-Halangan Dan Kekerasan Kepada Kerja Pers: Sebuah Tinjauan Kritis

Guaranteeing rights to press freedom does not only lie in the existence of laws and regulations to protect it and institutions that specifically implement, it but also in certainty in law enforcement. One of the components of press protection is legal certainty in the investigation and/or inquiry process by the Indonesian National Police (Polri). One of the problems in the law enforcement process is protracted delays, also known as undue delays. According to the Ombudsman Regulation No. 26 of 2017, Article 11 regulates that one form of maladministration is protracted delays where services are provided beyond the time quality standards of the service promise. Based on a report by the Legal Aid Center for the Press, from 2020 to 2022, there were nine cases of suspected criminal acts against the Press that were suspected of undue delay or protracted processes. Based on the report and the pattern of these cases, five were physical attacks where the perpetrators were suspected to have come from law enforcement officers themselves, and the other four were cyber attacks. The research aims to find the cause of this problem, which lies in the provisions of the relevant laws and regulations and at the practical implementation level.

In vitro dissolution of encapsulated or dispersed vitamin E and cholesterol is correlated with preservation of refrigerated ovine sperm

BACKGROUND: Vitamin E (α‐tocopherol) and cholesterol are crucial components in cellular protection and physiological processes. Their uses in biological media face challenges due to their poor solubility and stability. OBJECTIVE: The study investigated the complex interactions of these bioactive compounds in various encapsulation systems of cyclodextrin and liposome, as well as dispersion in PEG-6000, in an attempt to improve the viability, motility, and preservation of ovine sperm cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work explored the in vitro dissolution kinetics of vitamin E (α‐tocopherol) and cholesterol using semi-empirical models. RESULTS: The release profiles of VitE and Chl varied considerably, depending on the specific carrier systems. For liposome-loaded VitE and Chl, the Korsmeyer-Peppas model gave the best fit; for CD/VitE and CD/Chl, the Higuchi model provided the best fit, whereas for PEG-6000 dispersions (VitE and Chl) both the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models demonstrated the excellent fit. All systems indicated a Fickian diffusion mechanism dictated by the concentration gradient. The delivery of VitE and Chl with CD, liposome and PEG dispersion significantly increased sperm mobility and motility. The effect on the VCL parameter was the greatest by liposome-loaded VitE and Chl, followed by CD encapsulation and PEG-6000 dispersion. CONCLUSION: The dynamics of vitamin E and cholesterol within innovative delivery systems offers valuable insights into the development of advanced solutions in reproductive health, particularly on improving the viability, motility of refrigerated ovine sperm cells.

Increases in resilience and school performance among elementary school-aged afterschool participants.

Elementary-school students enrolled in a trauma-informed program participated in a prepost longitudinal study of resilience. The study assesses increases in various components of resilience, the effects of the afterschool program on resilience, and the relationship between resilience and school performance. A shortened version of a reliable resilience survey was developed from Madsen Thompson's Trauma Resilience Scale and administered at students' entry and exit from 3 yearly sessions. The high response rate provided a sample of 103 students, 37 of whom were new students with no ceiling effects. Statistical analysis demonstrated that both contextual and individual resilience increased significantly, with protective components impacting one another. Regression analyses found that the afterschool program supports significantly affected individual resilience increases, and high levels of individual resilience led to increases in school performance. The results suggest that trauma-informed contextual supports may be useful in increasing young students' well-being and closing gaps in academic performance.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT THAT DETECTS AND INFORMS THE PRESENCE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Electrical energy has both positive and negative effects nowadays, with the potential to cause property and human loss. Technical professionals working at electrical energy generation, distribution, and utilization points may die due to carelessness or neglect. Although there are protection elements (fuses, residual current protection relays, etc.) in electrical panels that interrupt the flow of electrical energy in the event of a shock, there may be working areas where energy cannot be cut off due to incorrect electrical connections caused by unauthorized people interacting with the panel. Existing protective components may be insufficient. The experiments include both wired protection elements and wireless detection elements. However, they need to be enhanced because they have limited detection distances. Furthermore, using an ergonomic design can improve operability. New protection and warning features must be designed using developing technology. To prevent employees from being shocked by being exposed to electrical energy in the workplace, AC voltage can be detected without contact using this study, which includes the design and test results of a wearable technology product that warns when electricity is present. An electrical circuit that technical staff can wear on their finger detects voltage without contact and displays the existence of energy with a red LED. It was discovered that the test circuit detects 230V AC electrical energy up to 8 cm away and warns with light.