Protection Profile Research Articles

ProveriT: A Parameterized, Composable, and Verified Model of TEE Protection Profile

ProveriT: A Parameterized, Composable, and Verified Model of TEE Protection Profile

Immune Responses and Protection Profiles in Mice Induced by Subunit Vaccine Candidates Based on the Extracellular Domain Antigen of Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein Combined with Different Adjuvants.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease of infants and older people. There is an urgent need for safe and effective vaccines against RSV infection. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the immune response and protection with the RSV recombinant G protein extracellular domain (Gecto) combined with various adjuvants as novel subunit vaccines in mice. All groups receiving RSV Gecto combined with adjuvants exhibited robust humoral and cellular immunity compared to those receiving an adjuvant alone or inactivated RSV vaccine. The greatest effect was observed in mice receiving Gecto combined with a CpG ODN + Alum salt adjuvant, resulting in the highest production of neutralizing antibodies against both RSV A and B subtypes, G-specific IgG and IFN-γ production in splenocytes, and interleukin-2 and interferon-γ expression in CD4+ T cells. Significant humoral and cellular immune responses were observed in mice immunized with Gecto combined with AddaS03™ or cyclosporin A adjuvants. The vaccine containing the AddaS03™ adjuvant showed significantly high expression of interleukin-4 in CD4+ T cells. Cross-protection against a challenge with either RSV A or B subtypes was observed in the Gecto plus adjuvant groups, resulting in a significant decrease in viral load and reduced pathological damage in the mouse lungs. These findings offer valuable insights into the development and application of recombinant RSV G-subunit vaccines with adjuvants.

Enhanced chaotrope tolerance and (S)-2-hydroxypropiophenone production by recombinant Pseudomonas putida engineered with Pprl from Deinococcus radiodurans.

Pseudomonas putida is a soil bacterium with multiple uses in fermentation and biotransformation processes. P. putida ATCC 12633 can biotransform benzaldehyde and other aldehydes into valuable α-hydroxyketones, such as (S)-2-hydroxypropiophenone. However, poor tolerance of this strain toward chaotropic aldehydes hampers efficient biotransformation processes. To circumvent this problem, we expressed the gene encoding the global regulator PprI from Deinococcus radiodurans, an inducer of pleiotropic proteins promoting DNA repair, in P. putida. Fine-tuned gene expression was achieved using an expression plasmid under the control of the LacIQ /Ptrc system, and the cross-protective role of PprI was assessed against multiple stress treatments. Moreover, the stress-tolerant P. putida strain was tested for 2-hydroxypropiophenone production using whole resting cells in the presence of relevant aldehyde substrates. P. putida cells harbouring the global transcriptional regulator exhibited high tolerance toward benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethanol, butanol, NaCl, H2 O2 and thermal stress, thereby reflecting the multistress protection profile conferred by PprI. Additionally, the engineered cells converted aldehydes to 2-hydroxypropiophenone more efficiently than the parental P. putida strain. 2-Hydroxypropiophenone concentration reached 1.6 g L-1 upon a 3-h incubation under optimized conditions, at a cell concentration of 0.033 g wet cell weight mL-1 in the presence of 20 mM benzaldehyde and 600 mM acetaldehyde. Product yield and productivity were 0.74 g 2-HPP g-1 benzaldehyde and 0.089 g 2-HPP g cell dry weight-1 h-1 , respectively, 35% higher than the control experiments. Taken together, these results demonstrate that introducing PprI from D. radiodurans enhances chaotrope tolerance and 2-HPP production in P. putida ATCC 12633.

Myocardial protection: comparing histological effects of single-dose cardioplegic solutions-study protocol for a secondary analysis of the CARDIOPLEGIA trial.

Myocardial protection is crucial for successful cardiac surgery, as it prevents heart muscle damage that can occur during the procedure. Prolonged hypoxia without proper protection can lead to adenosine triphosphate consumption, microvilli loss, blister formation, and edema. Custodiol, del Nido, and modified del Nido are single-dose cardioplegic solutions with proven safety and significance in modern surgery. While each has been independently assessed for patient outcomes, limited research directly compares them. This study aims to compare their myocardial protection using histological analysis. In a double-blind clinical trial, at least 90 patients will be randomly assigned to receive one of the three cardioplegic solutions. Myocardial biopsies will be collected before cardiopulmonary bypass and 15 minutes after reperfusion. The surgical, anesthetic and perfusion techniques will be the same for all patients, following the Institution's standard protocols. The ideal cardioplegic solution does not exist, and its selection remains challenging for surgeons. In modern surgical practice, understanding the behavior of these solutions and the ischemic tissue damage caused during induced cardiac arrest allows for safer surgical procedures. The results of this clinical trial can help in understanding the behavior of cardioplegic solutions and their tissue effects. Thus, by selecting the best cardioplegic solution, ischemic damage can be minimized, enhancing the effectiveness of this essential technique in cardiac procedures. The study may aid in implementing clinical protocols in several institutions, aiming to choose the solution with a superior myocardial protection profile, increasing safety, and reducing expenses. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC, http://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/): RBR-997tqhh. Registered: January 26th, 2022.

Reprogramming of cardiac phosphoproteome, proteome, and transcriptome confers resilience to chronic adenylyl cyclase-driven stress.

Our prior study (Tarasov et al., 2022) discovered that numerous adaptive mechanisms emerge in response to cardiac-specific overexpression of adenylyl cyclase type 8 (TGAC8) which included overexpression of a large number of proteins. Here, we conducted an unbiased phosphoproteomics analysis in order to determine the role of altered protein phosphorylation in the adaptive heart performance and protection profile of adult TGAC8 left ventricle (LV) at 3-4 months of age, and integrated the phosphoproteome with transcriptome and proteome. Based on differentially regulated phosphoproteins by genotype, numerous stress-response pathways within reprogrammed TGAC8 LV, including PKA, PI3K, and AMPK signaling pathways, predicted upstream regulators (e.g. PDPK1, PAK1, and PTK2B), and downstream functions (e.g. cell viability, protein quality control), and metabolism were enriched. In addition to PKA, numerous other kinases and phosphatases were hyper-phosphorylated in TGAC8 vs. WT. Hyper-phosphorylated transcriptional factors in TGAC8 were associated with increased mRNA transcription, immune responses, and metabolic pathways. Combination of the phosphoproteome with its proteome and with the previously published TGAC8 transcriptome enabled the elucidation of cardiac performance and adaptive protection profiles coordinately regulated at post-translational modification (PTM) (phosphorylation), translational, and transcriptional levels. Many stress-response signaling pathways, i.e., PI3K/AKT, ERK/MAPK, and ubiquitin labeling, were consistently enriched and activated in the TGAC8 LV at transcriptional, translational, and PTM levels. Thus, reprogramming of the cardiac phosphoproteome, proteome, and transcriptome confers resilience to chronic adenylyl cyclase-driven stress. We identified numerous pathways/function predictions via gene sets, phosphopeptides, and phosphoproteins, which may point to potential novel therapeutic targets to enhance heart adaptivity, maintaining heart performance while avoiding cardiac dysfunction.

Reprogramming of cardiac phosphoproteome, proteome, and transcriptome confers resilience to chronic adenylyl cyclase-driven stress

Our prior study (Tarasov et al., 2022) discovered that numerous adaptive mechanisms emerge in response to cardiac-specific overexpression of adenylyl cyclase type 8 (TGAC8) which included overexpression of a large number of proteins. Here, we conducted an unbiased phosphoproteomics analysis in order to determine the role of altered protein phosphorylation in the adaptive heart performance and protection profile of adult TGAC8 left ventricle (LV) at 3–4 months of age, and integrated the phosphoproteome with transcriptome and proteome. Based on differentially regulated phosphoproteins by genotype, numerous stress-response pathways within reprogrammed TGAC8 LV, including PKA, PI3K, and AMPK signaling pathways, predicted upstream regulators (e.g. PDPK1, PAK1, and PTK2B), and downstream functions (e.g. cell viability, protein quality control), and metabolism were enriched. In addition to PKA, numerous other kinases and phosphatases were hyper-phosphorylated in TGAC8 vs. WT. Hyper-phosphorylated transcriptional factors in TGAC8 were associated with increased mRNA transcription, immune responses, and metabolic pathways. Combination of the phosphoproteome with its proteome and with the previously published TGAC8 transcriptome enabled the elucidation of cardiac performance and adaptive protection profiles coordinately regulated at post-translational modification (PTM) (phosphorylation), translational, and transcriptional levels. Many stress-response signaling pathways, i.e., PI3K/AKT, ERK/MAPK, and ubiquitin labeling, were consistently enriched and activated in the TGAC8 LV at transcriptional, translational, and PTM levels. Thus, reprogramming of the cardiac phosphoproteome, proteome, and transcriptome confers resilience to chronic adenylyl cyclase-driven stress. We identified numerous pathways/function predictions via gene sets, phosphopeptides, and phosphoproteins, which may point to potential novel therapeutic targets to enhance heart adaptivity, maintaining heart performance while avoiding cardiac dysfunction.

Combinatorial analysis of ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms reveals protection against COVID-19 worsening: A genetic association study in Brazilian patients.

Since angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2, was identified as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and considering the intense physiological interplay between the two angitensinases isoforms, ACE and ACE2, as counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system, we proposed the evaluation of polymorphisms in these two key regulators in relation to COVID-19 severity. A genetic association study involving 621 COVID-19 hospitalized patients from Brazil was performed. All subjects had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 via RT-PCR. Patients were categorized into two groups: the "mild" group (N = 296), composed of individuals hospitalized in ward beds who progressed to cure, and the "severe" group (N = 325), composed of individuals who required hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU), or who died. Blood samples were genotyped for ACE I/D polymorphism and ACE2 G8790A polymorphism by real-time PCR via TaqMan assay. The analysis of combined polymorphisms revealed a protective role for genotypic profile II/A_ (ORA = 0,26; p = 0,037) against the worsening of COVID-19 in women. The results indicate a protection profile to COVID-19 progression, in which the II/A_ carriers have almost four times less chance of a severe outcome. It is proposed that a decreased activity of ACE (deleterious effects) in conjunction with an increased ACE2 activity (protective effects), should be the underlying mechanism. The findings are unprecedented once other studies have not explored the genotypic combination analysis for ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms and bring perspectives and expectations for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic based on definitions of genetically-based risk groups within the context of personalized medicine.

Quinacrine, a PLA2 inhibitor, alleviates LPS-induced acute kidney injury in rats: Involvement of TLR4/NF-κB/TNF α-mediated signaling

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a major factor in sepsis-related mortality and may occur due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin produced by gram-negative bacteria that triggers a systemic acute inflammatory response. Quinacrine's (QC) renoprotective properties in sepsis and the underlying mechanism, however, are still not fully understood. This study was done to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects of QC, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, against LPS-induced AKI. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, QC30 group, LPS group, LPS+QC 10 group, and LPS+QC 30 group. The rats were administered intraperitoneally QC (10 and 30 mg/kg) for 3 days (once a day) prior to injection of LPS (3 mg/kg). Six hours after the LPS injection, the histopathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the collected kidney tissues were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. QC pretreatment could successfully attenuate LPS-induced AKI, as evidenced by a decrease in tissue histopathological injury. Meanwhile, QC alleviated LPS-induced kidney oxidative stress; it reduced MDA levels and increased levels of SOD, CAT, GPX, and GSH. LPS-induced elevations in kidney TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PLA2, caspase 3, and Bax contents were significantly attenuated in QC-treated groups. Our findings revealed a significant effect of QC: protecting against LPS-induced AKI through inhibition of PLA2 and decreasing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. To treat LPS-induced AKI, QC may be an effective substance with an excellent protection profile.

The APOBEC3G gene rs2294367(C>G) variant is associated with HIV-1 infection in Moroccan subjects

The APOBEC3G gene is one of the most important host factors thathas beenfound previously associated withHIV infection and AIDS progression. The host's susceptibility to viral infectionmay be influenced by any APOBEC3G genetic variation.The main aim of thecurrent study was to investigate the association of three SNPs in the APOBEC3G gene (rs8177832, rs35228531, and rs2294367) respectively, with disease outcomes in Moroccan HIV-1 infected patients. A case-control study was conducted in 194 HIV-1 infected patients and 195 healthy controls and the three selected APOBEC3G SNPs were genotyped in all participants using TaqMan® allelic discrimination assays. The rs2294367 CG genotype was found strongly associated with the protection profile against the HIV-1 infection (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.28-0.67, p=0.0002). The rs2294367 CG genotype (p=0.0009) was found as a protective element while the rs2294367 GG genotype (p=0.015) has shown susceptibility against HIV-1 infection among females. Furthermore, the rs2294367CG genotype seemed to protect older subjects (>50 years) from infection (p=0.001). Haplotype analysis demonstrated that the GCC haplotype from (rs8177832, rs35228531, and rs2294367) observed could be associated with a high risk of HIV-1 infection in Morocco, OR=2.25, 95% CI=1.12-4.49, p=0.022). This study demonstrates significant associations between the studied polymorphisms in APOBEC3G with pVL variations during treatment. Thus, our findings confirm that genetic variations in the APOBEC3G gene might modulate the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and the response to antiviral drugs in Moroccan individuals. However, it should be noted that the main limitation of this study is the moderate sample size, thus a validation study with a larger sample is warranted.

Access Security Policy Generation for Containers as a Cloud Service

The rapid development of containerization technology comes with remarkable benefits for developers and operation teams. Container solutions allow building very flexible software infrastructures. Although lots of efforts have been devoted to enhancing containerization security, containerized environments still have a huge attack surface. Completely avoiding severe security issues have so far not been possible to achieve. However, the security problems due to vulnerabilities in for instance kernels, can be largely reduced if the container privileges are as restricted as possible. Mandatory access control is an efficient way to achieve this using for instance AppArmor. As manual AppArmor generation is tedious and error prone, automatic generation of protection profile is necessary. In previous research, a new tool for tight AppArmor profile generation was presented. In this paper we show how, in a system setting, such tool can be combined with container service testing, to provide a cloud based container service for automatic AppArmore profile generation. We present solutions for profile generation both for centrally collected and generated container logs and for log collection through a local agent. To evaluate the effectiveness of the profile generation service, we enable it on a widely used containerized web service to generate profiles and test them with real-world attacks. We generate an exploit database with 11 exploits harmful to the tested web service. These exploits are sifted from the 56 exploits of Exploit-db targeting the tested web service’s software. We launch these exploits on the web service protected by the profile. The results show that the proposed profile generation service improves the test web service’s overall security a lot compared to using the default Docker security profile. This together with the very user friendly and robust principle for setting up and running the service, clearly indicates that the approach is an important step for improving container security in real deployments.

Document as a multifaceted knowledge object

The definition of document and its evolution over time and within different disciplinary fields influences and determines norms, safeguarding and protection profiles and also disciplinary boundaries, without, to date, any adequate theoretical reflection and any universally accepted semantics. An attempt to define at the very least a state of the art represents the unavoidable condition towards the re-establishment of text and documentary disciplines within an epistemic framework in the making. The terminological definition influences and determines the very concept of archive which, in a digital context, increases its innate polysemy and requires a deep conceptual redefinition.

Predicted Public Health and Economic Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination with Variable Duration of Protection for Adults ≥60 Years in Belgium.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in older adults. This study used a static, cohort-based decision-tree model to estimate the public health and economic impact of vaccination against RSV in Belgians aged ≥60 years compared with no vaccination for different vaccine duration of protection profiles from a healthcare payer perspective. Three vaccine protection durations were compared (1, 3, and 5 years), and several sensitivity and scenario analyses were performed. Results showed that an RSV vaccine with a 3-year duration of protection would prevent 154,728 symptomatic RSV-ARI cases, 3688 hospitalizations, and 502 deaths over three years compared to no vaccination in older adults and would save EUR 35,982,857 in direct medical costs in Belgium. The number needed to vaccinate to prevent one RSV-ARI case was 11 for the 3-year duration profile, while it was 28 and 8 for the 1- and 5-year vaccine duration profiles, respectively. The model was generally robust in sensitivity analyses varying key input values. This study suggested that vaccination could substantially decrease the public health and economic burden of RSV in adults ≥60 years in Belgium, with benefits increasing with a longer duration of vaccine protection.

DEVELOPMENT OF PROTECTION PROFILE FOR SECOND-LEVEL E-KTP CARD READER BASED ON ISO/IEC 15408:2022 AND ISO/IEC TS 19608:2018

The second level e-KTP reader device is an electronic data reader device stored in the e-KTP chip by applying a verification device in the form of a fingerprint/face scan. The data stored in the e-KTP chip is personal data that is general and specific, as stated in Law Number 27 of 2022. Therefore, users of e-KTP readers as controllers and processors of personal data are obliged to prevent unauthorised access lawfully by using a security system reliably, safely and responsibly. Permendagri Number 76 of 2020 requires compliance with product standards by involving relevant K/L agencies in the security sector as a form of supervision. Based on BSSN Regulation 15 of 2019, implementing the evaluation process in Indonesia's common criteria scheme requires a Protection Profile document to support the evaluation of IT device security. However, there is no Protection Profile document for e-KTP reader devices that have been certified so that it can be used as a reference in developing IT devices to support the evaluation of IT device security. Therefore, in this study, developing Protection Profiles for e-KTP readers based on ISO/IEC 15408 and ISO/IEC TS 19608: 2018 was carried out to prepare functional security requirements and security guarantees by considering the protection of personal data. While the developing method used is based on ISO/IEC TR 15446:2017. The results of this study are preparing a Protection Profile document consisting of 25 functional security requirements to fulfil 8 device security objectives with a level of security assurance at Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL) 4. Then the design results are tested based on the Assurance Protection Profile Evaluation class (APE) ISO/IEC 18045:2022 and declared to meet the criteria based on the ISO/IEC 15408 series.

Protection from COVID-19 disease in hamsters vaccinated with subunit SARS-CoV-2 S1 mucosal vaccines adjuvanted with different adjuvants.

Adjuvant plays an important role in directing the immune responses induced by vaccines. In previous studies, we have shown that a mucosal SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit vaccine adjuvanted with a combination of CpG, Poly I:C and IL-15 (named CP15) induced effective mucosal and systemic immunity and conferred nearly sterile protection against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in macaque models. In this study, we used a hamster model, which mimics the human scenario and reliably exhibits severe SARS-CoV-2 disease similar to hospitalized patients, to investigate the protection efficacy of the vaccines against COVID-19 disease. We compared the weight loss, viral loads (VLs), and clinical observation scores of three different vaccine regimens. All three regimens consisted of priming/boosting with S1 subunit vaccines, but adjuvanted with alum and/or CP15 administrated by either intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) routes: Group 1 was adjuvanted with alum/alum administrated IM/IM; Group 2 was alum-IM/CP15-IN; and Group 3 was CP15-IM/CP15-IN. After challenge with SARS-CoV-2 WA strain, we found that the alum/CP15 group showed best protection against weight loss, while the CP15 group demonstrated best reduction of oral SARS-CoV-2 VLs, suggesting that the protection profiles were different. Sex differences for VL and clinical scores were observed. Humoral immunity was induced but not correlated with protection. Moreover, S1-specific binding antibody titers against beta, omicron BA.1, and BA.2 variants showed 2.6-, 4.9- and 2.8- fold reduction, respectively, compared to the Wuhan strain. Overall, the data suggested that adjuvants in subunit vaccines determine the protection profiles after SARS-CoV-2 infection and that nasal/oral mucosal immunization can protect against systemic COVID-19 disease.

The Impact of Flavonoid-Loaded Nanoparticles in the UV Protection and Safety Profile of Topical Sunscreens.

Excessive UV radiation exposure is harmful to skin cells since sunburn is accompanied by oxidative burst, leading to a rapid increase in skin cancer. However, the insufficient UV photoprotection of approved sunscreens and the negative impact of their compositions on ecosystems and human health makes the utility of sunscreen a questionable recommendation. Therefore, discovering UV filters with significant antioxidant activity and improved topical performance and photostability is an urgent need. Recently, the use of nanosized natural molecules incorporated in sunscreens has been a scientific hot topic, as it has been suggested that they provide a synergistic effect with synthetic UV filters, improving overall SPF and antioxidant activity, higher retention on the epidermis, and less toxicity. The aim of this review was to verify the usefulness of sunscreens incorporating flavonoid-loaded nanoparticles. A literature review was performed, where original and review articles published in the last 6 years were analyzed. Formulations containing nanosized flavonoids with improved UVA photoprotection and safer toxicological profiles, associated or not with synthetic filters, are promising sunscreens and more clinical investigation must be performed to validate these findings.

Adolescent risk and protection profiles for violence perpetration: Insights for family- and community-based prevention.

Youth violence continues to be a major developmental and health concern. Preventative resources at individual, family, and community levels may reduce risk, yet the extent to which youth violence perpetration differs by patterns of risk and protective factors remains unknown. Using data from the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (N = 4630; 49% female; Mage = 14.69), we conducted person-centered, latent profile analyses to identify four patterns for risk of violence perpetration among middle and high school youth. Youth in the Low Risk-High Protection profile (37%) had low likelihood of violence perpetration. Youth in the Low Risk-Low Protection profile (4%) were characterized by poor family functioning, low school belonging, and low community protection. These youth had similar odds of violence perpetration as youth in the Moderate Risk-Moderate Protection profile (44%), which were elevated compared to the Low Risk-High Protection profile. Youth in the High Risk-Low Protection profile (15%), which had the highest levels of risk factors and lowest levels of protective factors, had the highest likelihood of violence perpetration. The High Risk-Low Protection profile was expected based on past research, but the emergence of the Low Risk-Low Protection profile is a unique contribution to the research. Findings contribute to the literature by going beyond a cumulative risk model, identifying subgroups with various patterns of risk and protection in the population, and highlighting the importance of selected prevention for subgroups of youth with high risk or challenging family and community environments.

The reprogrammed mouse heart phosphoproteome in response to the chronic stress of markedly high cardiac-specific adenylyl cyclase type 8 overexpression.

An appropriate intensity and duration of increased AC-cAMP-PKA-Ca2+ signaling is the quintessential component of acute adaptation to cardiac stress. Our another work demonstrated the existence of an exquisite heart performance and protection profile in response to chronically increased cardiac AC-cAMP-PKA-Ca2+ signaling in young adult mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of adenylyl cyclase type 8 (AC8) (TGAC8). Here, we conducted an unbiased phosphoproteomics analysis to determine the role of altered protein phosphorylation in the chronic adaptive heart performance and protection profile of left ventricle (LV) of TGAC8 at 3-4 months of age. We identified 12,963 phospho-peptides and 3646 phosphoproteins, including 4990 upregulated phosphopeptides and 781 differentially regulated (741 Up and 40 Down) phosphoproteins in TGAC8 vs. WT. Based on differentially regulated phosphoproteins by genotype, we discovered the enrichment of numerous stress response canonical pathways within reprogrammed TGAC8 LV, and predicted upstream regulators and downstream functions. In addition to PKA, numerous kinases (83) and phosphatases (30) were hyper-phosphorylated in TGAC8 vs. WT. By combining the phosphoproteome with its proteome and with the previously published TGAC8 transcriptome, we determined which cardiac performance and adaptive protection profiles were coordinately regulated at post-translational modification (PTM) (phosphorylation), translational and transcriptional levels. To assess the impact of phosphorylation on mRNA transcription, we determined the phosphorylation states of transcriptional factors (TFs) that differed by genotype. Hyper-phosphorylated TFs in TGAC8 were associated with increased mRNA transcription, and immune responses and metabolism pathways. To determine the coordination of proteome and phosphoproteome in reprogramming the TGAC8 LV, we normalized its phosphoproteome to its proteome. These analyses indicated that many stress response signaling pathways were consistently enriched at transcriptional, translational and PTM levels, and that PI3K/AKT signaling was also activated in TGAC8 LV.

On the Development of a Protection Profile Module for Encryption Key Management Components

The ability of a cryptographic system to protect information from attacks depends on many factors, including the secrecy of the encryption key. A crucial aspect of any cryptosystem is how it manages the encryption keys. Encryption Key Management (EKM) spans the entire life cycle of the key, including the key’s generation, usage, distribution, renewal, and destruction. Given the security sensitivity, it is desirable to adopt a widely accepted standard when developing an encryption key management system. Through rigorous development of security requirements and following standardized validation, evaluation, and certification, the consumers’ confidence in the security of the EKM system will be enhanced. The Protection Profile (PP), defined in the Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation (often referred to as Common Criteria or CC), specifies the security functional and assurance requirements for a specific technology. In this work, we propose a PP Module that is the new evolution of the PP covering trusted security features for EKM, which is based on its compliance with the Network Device collaborative Protection Profile (NDcPP). In particular, by analyzing threats and vulnerabilities of EKM systems, corresponding security objectives and requirements are proposed in the PP, along with the specification of evaluation activities. The quantum-safe aspect of key distribution protocols is further investigated to support EKM products with quantum-resistant algorithms and quantum key distribution features. In addition to presenting the development methodology and implementation process for the PP Module of EKM, we distill lessons learned from developing and validating the PP Module to inspire future research efforts on defining security requirements with the CC.

Implementation of the elements of the enterprise protection system

The article defines the main tasks and features of corporate information networks and analyzes the specifics of the corporate network implemented in a medical center. The proposed data protection system at the enterprise is developed on the basis of the Bella-La Padula model since the key provisions of this model are the assignment of special security levels to all participants in the protected data processing process and to the documents in which it is contained. The specified security levels are arranged using the established dominance relationship, and the access control is carried out depending on the security levels of the interacting parties, which allows the application of technical solutions of the Active Directory service. One of the elements to ensure data protection is the use of a Shadow Copy of data according to the appropriate schedule. An important component of ensuring data protection is the individual process of setting up group policies and checking replication with other servers running the Active Directory directory services of the medical center. As a result of the implementation of elements of the company's data protection system, it was possible to significantly increase the level of protection and set up a backup server, on which appropriate folders were created, to which backup copies would be made according to the schedule. This function makes it possible to save the history of changes in any file for a certain period. The proposed elements of the security system can be used to analyze the security system, control access, ensure data integrity, etc. The Active Directory directory services were implemented in the medical center, and data replication to a backup server was configured. Taking into account the specifics of the enterprise, namely the medical center, the implemented elements of the data protection system ensure the delimitation of access levels, implement protection profiles and secure the personal data of patients.

Conceptual model of enterprise security in the information environment

Characteristic features and signs of the information society are defined in the paper. The infor-mation environment, which is considered for the formation of the enterprise security model, is an information society component. The classes of intelligent information technologies (IIT) that are necessary for the interaction of subjects in the information society are highlighted. Com-plementing each other, the specified IIT classes create conditions for stable access to infor-mation and knowledge that are updated. According to their types, goals, and principles, the arti-cle defines and characterizes such information environment components as organization, tech-nologies, a digital repository of informational and methodical resources, services, mathematical modeling methods, enterprise security modeling system, and information and telecommunica-tion infrastructure. The internal and external resources of the organization, whose presence af-fects the formation of the enterprise security model, are determined. Within the framework of the information society, the proposed conceptual model makes it possible to determine the nec-essary set of services and information resources needed for the formation of the enterprise secu-rity model. The paper highlights the following main components of the enterprise security mod-el: security tasks, computer communications, safety equipment, flexibility, and organizational environment. The proposed practical implementation allows accessing information resources, exchanging messages using existing communications, participating in general discussions, searching for information, according to the request, and organizing collective (joint) activities. Based on the organization structure, the offered practical implementation of the model ensures the delimitation of access levels, implements individual protection profiles, and ensures the se-curity of users’ data.