Perspective Of Protection Research Articles

Digital Public Health and Digital Health: twins or Neighbors? A data protection perspective

Abstract Enhancing digital public health (DiPH) terminology may foster a better understanding of the legal framework that grounds the use of personal health data within and outside public health policy and public health systems. Terminology accuracy is, therefore, relevant to understanding the data protection regulations that apply to DiPH interventions. The broader or narrower possibilities for using personal health data in digital health interventions depend on the legal basis that justifies (or not) the access to personal health data, whether inside public health policy or outside (e.g., in private health companies). In the context of digital health policy for DiPH, using personal health data is based on public law, analyzing proportionality, necessity, and the legitimacy of the interest. In contrast, for digital health interventions outside public health policy or in an individual clinical approach (like in digital health), the use of personal health data is based on informed consent. Brazilian data protection law (LGPD) and European GDPR provide the legal basis for public health systems’ use of health data in health policy. As a result, the DiPH approach highlights the relevance of using digital technologies and health data to strengthen public health systems within the platform economy and the context of surveillance capitalism. This presentation will shed light on the expansion of digital technologies and health data in health policy in the face of data science, highlighting the need to delve into the terminology of DiPH, understanding its boundaries and legal differences from its neighbors (not twins) outside health policy. Clarifying the DiPH approach, potentially leading to standards in terminology and embedding a data protection perspective, may maximize the accuracy of the legal justification for personal health data use in health policies. DiPH, therefore, may foster data protection, public health systems, and policies strengthening with health data.

Research and Analysis on the Development of New Energy Vehicles in the Context of Low-Carbon Environmental Protection

Driven by the global wave of low-carbon and environmental consciousness, the new energy vehicle industry is poised for unprecedented development opportunities. As environmental challenges become increasingly severe, governments worldwide have implemented a series of policies to encourage the research and promotion of new energy vehicles. These vehicles not only play a crucial role in alleviating environmental pressures but also foster technological innovation and the transformation of economic structures. This paper, from the perspective of low-carbon and environmental protection, examines the current development status and technological pathways of new energy vehicles, explores the impact of policy support and industry chain construction on their advancement, and provides a forecast of the market outlook. Through a thorough analysis, a better understanding of the role and significance of new energy vehicles in low-carbon environmental protection can be gained, offering scientific foundations for future policy-making and industrial development.

RNAi-Based Approaches to Control Mycotoxin Producers: Challenges and Perspectives.

Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a worldwide problem that needs to be addressed with highly efficient and biologically safe techniques. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism playing an important role in different processes in eukaryotes, including the regulation of gene expression, maintenance of genome stability, protection against viruses and others. Recently, RNAi-based techniques have been widely applied for the purposes of food safety and management of plant diseases, including those caused by mycotoxin-producing fungi. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art RNAi-based approaches for reducing the aggressiveness of key toxigenic fungal pathogens and mycotoxin contamination of grain and its products. The ways of improving RNAi efficiency for plant protection and future perspectives of this technique, including progress in methods of double-stranded RNA production and its delivery to the target cells, are also discussed.

A Study of Administrative Regulations on Real Estate Project Finance and Recent PF Market Issues

Real estate project financing is the process by which real estate developers secure funding. This study categorizes the types of real estate finance and analyzes investment types based on the degree of financial companies’ participation. Financial companies invest in real estate development projects either through direct financing, using PF loans, or through indirect financing via mechanisms such as collective investment schemes. However, if a financial company is not merely a financial investor but also acts directly as a developing entity, appropriate regulation is required. From an investor protection perspective, the Financial Act aims to alleviate information asymmetry and enhance the financial soundness of financial companies. An important issue is the regulation of financial companies directly implementing real estate development projects. In particular, if a real estate development project fails, the implementer bears primary responsibility. Therefore, granting enforcement authority to a financial company that controls the funding mechanism may pose a risk to financial companies. Real estate financing suggests that administrative regulations should be organized in a way that facilitates collaboration among multiple administrative agencies. The regulatory frameworks of both the Construction Act and the Financial Act should govern financial companies’ participation in real estate development projects, necessitating close cooperation among different administrative agencies. In the complex and specialized administrative legislative process, overlapping responsibilities among multiple administrative agencies, such as those under the Real Estate Investment Company Act, may occur; conversely, gaps in responsibilities may also arise. With this in mind, it is necessary to acknowledge the role of financial companies beyond their fundraising function in real estate finance and to investigate the complex and diverse legal relationships that may arise as a result. In particular, given the current situation—marked by the downturn in the real estate PF market that began last year, the subsequent workout of Taeyoung Construction, and concerns about the deterioration of savings banks’ soundness—, it is crucial to explore an effective regulatory system for real estate development finance by integrating the Construction Act and the Financial Act.

Research on the digital inheritance and development of Weixian paper-cutting from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage

As a traditional folk art in northern China, Weixian paper-cutting has been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list and has rich cultural connotations and artistic value. However, with the acceleration of modernization and changes in lifestyle, the inheritance of Weixian paper-cutting faces severe challenges, including a decrease in the number of inheritors, shrinking market demand, and a decline in the younger generation's attention to traditional culture. The rapid development of digital technology has provided a new opportunity for the inheritance and development of Weixian paper-cutting. This study aims to explore the application and practice of digital technology in the inheritance of Weixian paper-cutting from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage protection. The study found that digital technology can not only enhance the cultural communication power of Weixian paper-cutting, but also bring it the possibility of innovative design and broaden its marketization path. Through the analysis of the digital practice of Weixian paper-cutting, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions in the future in terms of digital platform construction, policy support and inheritor training, providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for the sustainable inheritance of Weixian paper-cutting.

Research on the Architectural Artistic Features of the World Cultural Heritage Kaiping Diaolou

Kaiping Diaolou, a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site located in Kaiping, Guangdong Province, China, is a unique architectural form that combines defensive, residential, and aesthetic functions. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the types, architectural styles, and functional characteristics of the Kaiping Diaolou, revealing its distinctive artistic features and historical cultural significance. By introducing the number, distribution, and building materials of the diaolou, the paper showcases its broad influence and diversity. It is argued that the Kaiping Diaolou not only holds significant aesthetic and defensive value but also reflects the wisdom and innovation of the Kaiping people in the face of social changes and natural challenges. This research provides a scientific basis and new perspectives for the further protection and inheritance of this world cultural heritage.

Land cover dynamics and net primary productivity in Hubei Province, China: an integrative analysis of ecological and landscape transitions

ABSTRACT To better protect the ecological environment, this study investigates the evolution of the landscape in Hubei Province and its impact on Net Primary Production (NPP). By utilizing landscape assessment tools and neighborhood proxy methods, it quantifies the changes in NPP resulting from landscape transformations over periods of 5 and 20 years. The results indicate significant NPP variations, with changes ranging from −406.199 to 507.181 g*C/m2. The geographical detector model identifies key drivers, particularly noting significant changes in landscape features at type boundaries, which affect NPP. Land cover, especially transitions between forests, shrublands, and croplands, is identified as a critical factor. This research highlights the complex relationship between landscape modifications and NPP variations, emphasizing the importance of ecological considerations in landscape management amid urbanization. It offers valuable insights for future landscape management and conservation strategies in Hubei, aiming for ecological preservation alongside development. Additionally, this work fills a theoretical gap by linking changes in landscape features to NPP, proposing new perspectives for landscape protection and ecological capacity enhancement, and providing practical guidance for improving NPP and coordinated landscape management in Hubei.

GAME HAGO BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN

Principally, advertisements must comply with laws and regulations in the field of advertising and consumer protection, but there are still many advertisements that violate, for example, Hago advertisements that have violated regulations in the field of advertising because they harass the dignity of teachers and display teachers who are discriminatory against students who use Hago Game, so this study will analyze violations of Hago Game advertisements based on consumer protection. The problem raised is regarding whether Hago advertisements have met the criteria for good advertising in the perspective of consumer protection and analyzing who can be held liable if Hago advertisements are re not good advertisements. This research uses normative type research methods. The result is, Hago's advertisement does not meet the criteria for good advertising because it violates Article 17 section (1) letter f UUPK because it violates the regulations in the advertising sector, namely Article 58 section (4) letter h SPS and Article 16 section (2) letters a and b SPS. The conclusion is ones responsible should be the companies that make advertisements and broadcasting institutions based on professional responsibility

Preparation and characterization of cauliflower-like γ-Fe2O3/H-γ-AlOOH magnetic composites with high adsorption performance towards As(V)

That long-term consumption of water with arsenic concentrations greater than 10 μg L−1 induces renal, hepatic, and cardiovascular diseases, in addition, the effective adsorbents for removing arsenic are limited by their harsh synthesis conditions, slow adsorption kinetics, low adsorption capacities and hard solid-liquid separation. Herein, a hierarchical cauliflower-like γ-Fe2O3/H-γ-AlOOH magnetic composites for the treatment of As(V)-contaminated wastewater is firstly proposed to avoid the complex centrifugation and filtration process, and achieve the purpose of simplifying operation. A series of physicochemical characterization tools reveal the successful synthesis of hierarchical cauliflower-like γ-Fe2O3/H-γ-AlOOH magnetic composite adsorbent with a large specific surface area (SBET) of 131.82 m2 g 1, high Zeta potential of +17.22 mV, and magnetic saturation (Ms) of 26.1 emu g−1, which synergistically improves the adsorption performance and achieve the purpose of simplifying operation. The related adsorption experimental data demonstrates that the saturated adsorption capacity for As(V) reaches 130.17 mg g−1 and decreases by only 17.6 % after six adsorption-desorption experiments, and the whole adsorption process conforms to Pseudo-second order model and the Langmuir model, which proves it is more inclined to be monolayer adsorption and there is no chemical reaction between As(V) and adsorbent. In addition, the adsorption of As(V) onto the cauliflower-like γ-Fe2O3/H-γ-AlOOH magnetic composites is assigned to a spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increased process. The main adsorption mechanism is that, combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, all components of the composite are involved in the adsorption of As(V), with the predominance of metal hydroxyl groups. The synthetic route of a novel and highly effective adsorbent, the hierarchical cauliflower-like γ-Fe2O3/H-γ-AlOOH magnetic composite material, provides a more promising alternative candidate for the As(V) treatment, from the perspective of aquatic ecosystem protection and solid-liquid separation.

Dong Brocade in Hunan, China: Literacy and Re-invention of Tradition in the Perspective of Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection

In this study, we investigated (i) the history, development, and current situation of Dong brocade in the Dong Autonomous County of Passage, Hunan Province, China, from the perspective of the historical development of the Dong ethnic group and (ii) the traditional re-invention of Dong brocade weaving techniques and the re-creation of the traditional educational literacy in the perspective of the intangible cultural heritage protection. This study is qualitative, mainly using the concepts of traditional re-invention and educational literacy, adopting two methods of data collection, namely, documentary research and field survey, and presenting them in the form of descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that the Dong people in China have a long history, and Dong brocade is a product of the social life and ecological environment of the local Dong people. With the development of the times and under different social demands, Dong brocade has been recreated in terms of the production process, raw materials, product types, and traditional education, and the literacy of Dong brocade has also been “recreated.” This study explores how to promote the traditional re-creation of Dong brocade from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage protection and how to realize the educational literacy of Dong brocade in various ways with the support of the government, enterprises, and universities. This is of great value to the theoretical study of the living heritage of Dong Brocade and the Chinese government’s promotion of the protection and development of minority cultures.

The Use of Children as Influencers and the Harmful Effects on their Health and Rights as Human Beings

With the developments of recent years, "influencers" have appeared in social media. Influencers usually specialize in a specific field or industry, such as beauty, fashion, fitness, travel or food, and are known for their expertise, creativity and originality. They create and share content on social media platforms like Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, using their platforms to build a network of loyal followers and establish themselves as thought leaders in their respective fields. Influencers partner with brands to promote products or services to their followers through sponsored posts or collaborations. These partnerships can be profitable for both the influencer and the brand as they can increase brand awareness, drive sales and build brand loyalty, who are in reality celebrities or not who market various products, services and in this way they influence people. Every day more and more influencers have been added in our country, as well as in other countries, and children are included in their work. It has already become normal or tradition for an influential woman to open an "account" for the newly born child, publish photos/videos of the child and gradually start advertising various baby products, influencing the masses. The practice of "kidfluencing" raises ethical concerns about the commodification of childhood, to be seen as products, and for their rights. This is the object of treatment in this paper. Through which it is intended to analyze the rights that are violated to the child and the harmful effects for the child from the "kidfluencing" practice. This topic critically examines the moral dilemmas and challenges in regulating child abuse practices from the perspective of ethics, child welfare and legal protection of the child's best interests, analyzing the implications of the commodification of childhood and the potential harm it can cause. Received: 2 June 2024 / Accepted: 25 July 2024 / Published: 29 July 2024

Transfer functions for QA /QB international regulatory limits for the safe transport of radioactive materials

This paper presents a proposed revision of the International Atomic Energy Agency transport regulations, related to the A 1 and A 2 limit values used to determine the radioactive transport classification. Based on the ‘Q system’, a novel methodology was introduced to derive QA and QB values related to scenarios involving external exposure from a distant source. These values are key parameters that respectively represent the total effective dose and total equivalent dose to the skin, from all primary and secondary particles contributing to radiation exposure. The International Working Group (WG A 1/A 2) is established and associated with the TRANSSC Technical Expert Group on Radiation Protection. A review of the A 1 and A 2 values is performed in response to identified limitations within the existing Q system. The followed approach is based on Monte Carlo simulations that enabled the development of transfer functions aimed at reducing computational time and increasing the flexibility of dose evaluations for any radionuclide with known particle emission spectra. This method allows updating the QA and QB values to account for future data evolutions (decay data, fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients) and standardizing the calculation of regulation limits across all referenced radionuclides and scenarios related to external exposure. The transfer functions are established using three Monte Carlo simulation codes—FLUKA, Geant4, and MCNP—and address the previous limitations of the ‘Q system’, reflecting the latest International Commission for Radiation Protection recommendations and improvements in calculation techniques. The results of the WG show consistent agreement across the codes, with minor discrepancies observed at low primary energies due to statistical uncertainties and different handling of stopping power for electrons/positrons in the codes. This revised approach aligns with current standards and recommendations, ensuring that the radiological consequences of transport accidents are acceptable for the new A 1 and A 2 limits from a radiological protection perspective.

Super-Stable Mineralization of Metal Ions from Smelting Wastewater by In Situ Synthesis of NiFe-Based Layered Double Hydroxides for Catalytic Phenol Hydroxylation.

The super-stable mineralization of metal ions from industrial wastewater by in situ synthesis of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has been regarded as a sustainable approach from environmental protection and resource utilization perspectives. Herein, the study reports a super-stable mineralization of metal ions including Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ca, Al, etc. from smelting wastewater by in situ synthesis of NiFe-based LDHs through facile coprecipitation. Such approach exhibits superior mineralization efficiency of metal ions simultaneously that can remove hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands mg/L of multiple metal ions to below the values of the Chinese National Emission Standards of Pollutants. Furthermore, the obtained NiFe-based LDHs exhibit excellent catalytic performance of phenol hydroxylation due to the mineralization of multiple metals on the laminates, where 48.24% conversion of phenol and 71.58% selectivity of dihydroxybenzenes are realized under room temperature for 3h. This work paves a sustainable strategy for hazardous material disposal and resource utilization.

Research Progress on Metal Ion Recovery Based on Membrane Technology and Adsorption Synergy.

The development of modern industry will generate more and more waste containing metal ions. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to recover these ions, whether from the perspective of environmental protection or improving economic benefits. So far, scientists have studied many methods for recovering metal ions. Among these methods, adsorption and membrane separation have received widespread attention due to their own characteristics. Combining adsorption and membrane separation methods can better leverage their respective advantages to improve the ability of recovering metal ions. This review, therefore, focuses on the synergistic recovery of metal ions by adsorption and membrane separation methods. This article first briefly explains the theoretical principles of membrane separation and adsorption synergy, and then focuses on several technologies that have received attention in different chapters. In these chapters, membrane technology is briefly introduced, followed by the situation and progress of synergistic application with adsorption technology. Then, the article compares and elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of the above technologies, and finally summarizes and looks forward to these technologies being used to solve the difficulties and challenges in industrial application.

Recent Progress in Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries at High Zinc Utilization.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. As the critical component, Zn metal with high theoretical capacity (5855 mAh cm-3), low redox potential (-0.763 V vs standard hydrogen electrode), and low cost has been widely applied in AZIBs. However, the low Zn utilization rate (ZUR) of Zn metal anode caused by the dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation require excess Zn installation in current AZIBs, thus leading to increased unnecessary battery weight and decreased energy density. Herein, approaches to the historical progress toward high ZUR AZIBs through the perspective of electrolyte optimization, anode protection, and substrate construction are comprehensively summarized, and an in-depth understanding of ZUR is highlighted. Specifically, the main challenges and failure mechanisms of Zn anode are analyzed. Then, the persisting issues and promising solutions in the reaction interface, aqueous electrolyte, and Zn anode are emphasized. Finally, the design of 100% ZUR AZIBs free of Zn metal is presented in detail. This review aims to provide a better understanding and fundamental guidelines on the high ZUR AZIBs design, which can shed light on research directions for realizing high energy density AZIBs.

Sustainable Organic Waste Management and Future Directions for Environmental Protection and Techno-Economic Perspectives

Sustainable Organic Waste Management and Future Directions for Environmental Protection and Techno-Economic Perspectives

Dynamics of Long-Term Quality of Life After Treatment for Esophageal Cancer: A Community-Based Patient Study.

To characterize the pattern of post-treatment quality of life (QoL) for esophageal cancer (EC) survivors and construct models predicting their long-term QoL. On the basis of a randomized trial in an EC high-risk region in China, we interviewed 363 EC survivors and 25,245 permanent residents matched with the survivors on age, sex, and township as the baseline. QoL was measured using three-level version of European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions instrument. We constructed piecewise mixed models estimating the QoL of EC survivors that varied by age, sex, patient type, hospital level, and therapy to ascertain QoL determinants. The post-treatment QoL of EC survivors dropped by 15.7% within the first year and recovered by 9.3% between 1 and 9 years compared with the baseline. Therapy was found to be a determinant of QoL, and a series of therapy-specific models were fitted accordingly, which all showed the pattern of decreasing rapidly and recovering gradually. Endoscopic treatment had the least impact on post-treatment QoL (7.5% drop within 5 years) compared with esophagectomy (12.2% drop within 1 year) and chemoradiotherapy (37.8% drop within 2 years). The usual activities dimension showed the greatest impairment among those patients (34.4% drop within 1 year). This community-based study described the long-term QoL trajectory for EC survivors after different therapeutic modalities and constructed models to predict therapy-specific QoL at different time points after treatment. It provided new insights into decision making in treatment for EC from the perspective of QoL protection, offering a convenient tool for estimating quality-adjusted life-years.

A Study on the Protection of Litigation Rights in Electronic Service of Process

Electronic service of process is a crucial foundation of digital rule of law. However, its development is significantly hindered by recipients’ limited understanding, weak litigation capabilities, and malicious abuse of procedural rights. This paper analyzes issues such as the weakened protection of recipients’ right to be informed, the difficulty of enforcing their right to defense, and the lack of effective channels for exercising their right to remedy. To address these challenges, the paper proposes enhancing the operability of electronic service, strengthening the notification and explanation of rights to recipients, and allowing unilateral application of electronic service to incentivize its selection. It also suggests tailoring electronic service according to litigation procedures, case types, and parties involved, to ensure recipients’ reasonable exercise of procedural rights. Additionally, the paper advocates for granting recipients the right to challenge electronic service and establishing clear accountability and sanctions mechanisms to improve access to remedies. From the perspective of litigation rights protection, this study explores the balance between procedural justice and litigation efficiency, aiming to achieve digital justice in electronic service procedures.

Impact of desulphurized electrolytic manganese residue-assisted cementitious materials on silicate cement hydration and environmental safety assessment

The use of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) as a mineral admixture is an efficient way of utilization, but its high content of gypsum phase limits its utilization. In this paper, EMR was desulphurized by means of high temperature reduction roasting to remove the hindrance when utilized as a mineral admixture. The effect of desulphurized EMR (D-EMR) on the formation of major hydration products such as C–S–H and calcium hydroxide (CH), as well as on the degree of hydration of cement clinker, was explored based on mechanical properties, hydration kinetics, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DTG) and Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis (QXRD). In particular, the mineral phase evolution, the change rule of pore solution and the leaching behavior of heavy metals were simulated in conjunction with thermodynamics. The results show that the D-EMR content of 15 %, comparable mechanical properties and microscopic morphology to the control group can be obtained, while C3S and C2S hydration can be promoted by a factor of 1.08 and 1.28, respectively, without the risk of heavy metal leaching. Based on the thermodynamic simulation of heavy metal solidification by cement clinker minerals, it can be seen that heavy metals in D-EMR composite slurry are solidified mainly by Mn(OH)2 precipitation and weak adsorption effect, and it is safe even at the level of 30 % replacement, provided that the pH value of the leaching solution is greater than 7.5. In addition, the desulphurization technology is feasible from the perspective of environmental protection, and saves 200,000 CNY in emission costs.

Trends in dc Microgrids: From the control and protection perspective

Trends in dc Microgrids: From the control and protection perspective