Protection Of Rights Research Articles

Objects of State Human Rights Practices

The paper characterizes the object of human rights practices and the object of state human rights practices based on the analysis of scientific views on the categories of the object available in modern philosophical and legal literature. The concept of an object of state human rights practices is proposed and a classification of these objects is developed. The question of the types of objects of state human rights practices is investigated. Separately, such controversial issues in modern legal science and practice as the attitude of the latest complex artificial intelligence systems to the objects of state human rights practices, the hierarchy of objects of state human rights practices, and the recognition of the unborn fetus as an object of state protection of human rights are analyzed. The author makes a conclusion about the possibility of transformation of objects of state human rights practices with the development of human civilization and a fundamental change in approaches to this category at the present stage of development of the Russian state, including in the context of a new system of protection of rights in the context of digitalization. It is proposed to formulate at the legislative level the concept and types of objects of state protection of human rights.

Greenwashing, Greenwishing and Greenhushing in the context of Unfair Competition, Intellectual Property Protection and Consumer Rights

The problems of greenwashing and its manifestations in the modern world are of particular importance, since objective, truthful information about goods and services underlies normal economic processes, serves to respect the interests of consumers around the world and protect competition. It is also associated with the fair use of intellectual property, intellectual property rights. The problems of greenwashing not only affect the sphere of competition and consumer protection legislation They can also be qualified as problems of legislation in the field of intellectual property. The trend towards sustainable product choices does not result in a proportionate increase in eligible purchases due to the trend towards distrust caused by the proliferation of vague, ambiguous and unverifiable environmental claims. Unification of approaches to the qualification of greenwashing and its various manifestations with an emphasis on a special type of unfair acts of doing business with certain qualifying characteristics will ensure the sustainable development of international markets for goods and services, since greenwashing is more often used by large manufacturers operating in the markets of many countries to gain competitive advantages. At the same time, within the scope of intellectual property law, it is also advisable to research and regulate the inadmissibility of using greenwashing practices when using the results of intellectual activity and, above all, means of individualization.

Obtaining samples for examination in criminal proceedings: a comparative analysis

This article explores the procedures for obtaining samples for examination in criminal proceedings, focusing on the practices in Ukraine, the Netherlands, and France. It aims to identify commonalities and differences in legislative frameworks and procedural practices across these jurisdictions, highlighting their implications for human rights. While the practice of obtaining samples is essential for criminal investigations, it must be balanced with the rights of individuals. The research reveals that while Ukraine’s Criminal Procedure Code outlines sample collection procedures, it lacks detailed regulations that ensure the protection of rights during this process. In contrast, the Dutch and French legal systems provide clearer frameworks and protections, influenced by the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the ECHR) rulings. The ECHR has established important principles regarding the collection of biological samples, emphasizing the necessity of consent and the need to avoid arbitrary interference with individual rights. This comparative analysis underscores the importance of aligning Ukrainian legislation with the ECHR standards to safeguard human rights effectively. The findings suggest the need for a more precise legal framework in Ukraine that differentiates between sample collection and other investigative actions, ensuring transparency and protection of individual rights. Ultimately, the study calls for legislative reforms in Ukraine, inspired by successful practices in the Netherlands and France, to create a more robust and rights-respecting framework for obtaining samples in criminal proceedings.

Blockchain in digital notary services

The purpose of the study is to determine the future application of blockchain technology. Protection of rights, as well as legal interests of citizens and legal entities is the main postulate of notary activity. Only through the prism of this provision should one consider the possible application of blockchain technology in the notary. This includes studying the possibilities of the blockchain for verifying the authenticity of documents, automating registration actions. The relevance of the study is related to the need for modern notaries to meet the requirements of the digital world. The research is based on the application of an interdisciplinary approach, civil law and information technology, which combines the analysis of legal aspects with modern technological research. To study legislative aspects, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used, which includes an analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries. The empirical method consists in researching existing examples of implementation of blockchain projects in EU and US notary offices. Analysis and modeling were carried out taking into account the architecture of blockchain networks, their capabilities in terms of information protection, authentication and legal validity of digital records. The study found that blockchain technology has significant potential for the notary industry due to its decentralized nature and high level of data protection. It has been established that the implementation of the blockchain allows for the creation of a reliable database for recording notarial actions, ensuring the impossibility of forgery or loss of information. The results of the study confirmed the possibility of using blockchain for digital recording of documents and automation of notarial procedures, which allows to reduce time costs and the risk of human errors. The experience of countries that have already implemented blockchain in the notary office indicates an increase in the level of trust in notary services and a reduction in bureaucratic procedures. The application of blockchain in the notarial sphere can fundamentally change the mechanisms of notarial actions, increasing security, convenience and speed of service. The use of decentralized networks ensures the reliability of data, which makes it impossible to forge them and makes procedures transparent. However, for the full implementation of such decisions, it is necessary to create an appropriate regulatory framework, adapt Ukrainian legislation and ensure the training of specialists for work in the conditions of digital notary.

Cryptography and DRM: A study of digital copyright protection in the gaming industry

Abstract. This paper explores the role of cryptography and encryption technology in the evolution of digital rights management (DRM) in the gaming industry. A collection of guidelines, procedures, and instruments that control the appropriate use of digital content is collectively referred to as digital rights management (DRM). Cryptography plays a vital role in DRM by ensuring data privacy, authenticity, and integrity. The early stages of DRM in gaming involved physical disc-based methods, such as unique disc features and online activation. However, these methods faced challenges such as compatibility issues and unauthorized copying. Modern DRM techniques incorporate advanced cryptographic techniques and account-based DRM tied to user accounts. Cryptography in DRM secures the distribution and consumption of digital content by converting game data into an unreadable format, which can only be decrypted with a valid key. The paper also discusses the use of third-party DRM technologies like Denuvo, which employ robust encryption and obfuscation methods. However, third-party DRM can have performance impacts, inconvenience users, and lead to compatibility issues. The paper emphasizes the need for continuous refinement of DRM technologies to balance copyright protection and consumer rights in the evolving gaming industry.

Legal Protection of the Rights of Minors: An Analysis of Current Legislation in China and the United States

Minors, as the future of the country and the hope of the nation, with the increasing recognition of their dominant position in China, although the state and society have given high attention and continuously improved relevant laws and regulations to safeguard their rights and security, such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors Article1the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Crimes Committed by Minors, the Constitution, the Compulsory Education Law and so on, these legal provisions are intended to provide comprehensive and multi-dimensional protection for minors and ensure that their physical and mental health are not violated. However, even in such a legal environment, the undercurrent of violating the rights of minors still persists. This paper is a legal essay on the protection of minors, summarizing the achievements and shortcomings of China and the United States in safeguarding the rights and interests of minors. This paper analyzes how society, schools, and families unintentionally touch the boundaries of minors' rights. Drawing on relevant experiences from the legal systems of China and the United States, this paper identifies the problems and offers suggestions for improving the protection of minors' rights.

On the Issue of Defense and Protection of Rights to the National Olympic Emblem in the Russian Federation

Introduction: the legal protection of Olympic symbols in the Russian Federation is based on the institution of recognition of unfair competition provided for by the Federal Law “On Protection of Competition,” which is discussed in this paper. Purpose: consider the effect of the Federal Law “On Protection of Competition” in relation to the rules for the defense and protection of rights to the national Olympic emblem. Methods: the methods of deduction were used (in terms of the reception by the national legislation of the main provisions of the Olympic Charter on the possibility of using symbols only subject to an appropriate agreement with the International Olympic Committee) and induction (in the study of the requirements imposed on the national Olympic emblem by the international normative legal acts). Results: the paper analyzes the national Olympic emblems in the context of their definition in the Olympic Charter, systematizes the aspects of regulating national Olympic symbols that are used by states to individualize the venue of specific Olympic Games, to convey to the public the concepts and traditions of the state in the modern world (for a situation when the games are held in a particular state and they create a special Olympic symbol, characterizing such a state and specific Olympic Games), and the rights to them. Conclusions: the paper concludes that the fourth part of the Russian Federation’s Civil Code should regulate the legitimate use of sporting event symbols, taking into account the need to comply with international acts in cases where the sporting event is of an international nature.

The Delimitation of the paulian Action From Other Methods of Defending Subjective Civil Rights

The correct formulation of claims in civil actions is crucial to success in a court of competent jurisdiction. It is not only the correct legal subsumption of the case that is important, but also the choice of the appropriate method of defense of the subjective right allegedly violated. The paulian action is a method of defense of the infringed civil rights, namely the right to performance of the obligation. The paulian action is a specific method of defense in its own way. A correct understanding of this method and its limits requires its delimitation from other methods of protection of rights, such as nullity of the legal act, ineffectiveness, simulation and others.

INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR KARANGPATIHAN CIPRAT BATIK AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE LOCAL ECONOMY

The batik industry is an industry that is relied upon in the local market as well as the export market in the textile sector. Likewise, Karangpatihan ciprat batik (splashed motif in batik) is deliberately empowered as a form of local government concern for disabled residents who have limitations. This research aims to analyze the strategy for developing Ponorogo's typical Karangpatihan ciprat batik in order to increase industrial competitiveness batik industry in Ponorogo Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach using the SWOT analysis method and a survey conducted on the Karangpatihan village head and the chairman of Rumah Harapan Mulya as the Karangpatihan Social Welfare Institution. The results of the research analysis conclude that the strategies that can be used are determining market opportunities based on geographic location, demographics and consumer behavior, identifying the target market to be addressed both within and outside the city of Ponorogo by understanding consumer preferences and needs regarding batik, increasing human resource development in order to achieve this. more innovative quality batik products that can increase consumer appeal. Determining sales channels by considering the place and method to be used. Then determine competitive prices by adjusting product quality and competition in the market, protection of rights to regional typical batik products with Intellectual Property Rights, promotional program innovations aimed at introducing batik on the national and international stage to encourage sales and establishing good relationships with consumers and distributors so that it can expand the marketing of batik products.

Application of Norms on Supplementary Protection of Rights to Inventions in Time: Gaps in Legislative Regulation

Application of Norms on Supplementary Protection of Rights to Inventions in Time: Gaps in Legislative Regulation

La crisi familiare e le giurisdizioni religiose negli Stati Uniti: tensioni tra separatismo e pluralismo nel sistema delle ADR

Familiar crisis and religious jurisdictions the United States: tensions between separatism and pluralism in the ADR system ABSTRACT: In the United States, religious denominations play a central role in the out-of-court resolution of disputes. In fact, religious groups provide negotiation facilitation, mediation and arbitration services, according to models of increasing procedural complexity and binding nature. The contribution will illustrate case law guidelines about law enforcement of Jewish and Islamic judgements in familiar matters. I will focus on attempts of secular courts to mediate between opposing demands: the security of legal statuses, the maintenance of social stability and public order, the protection of rights of the individual, the deflation of civil litigation, the greater confidence of litigants towards the minister of religion acting as judge. In the conclusion, I will evaluate the impact of these trends on the intercultural paradigm that characterizes the American pluralist legal system. SOMMARIO: 1. Le ADR religiose negli Stati Uniti tra luci e ombre - 2. Pactum suprema lex esto? Il riconoscimento dei lodi arbitrali emessi dai tribunal rabbinici in sede di divorzio - 3. Il diritto familiare musulmano tra ostracismo e neutralità - 4. E pluribus unum? Il molteplice e il singolo di fronte allegiurisdizioni religiose nella società americana

Neurorights: Time to Discuss Rights to Mental Privacy and Integrity

The aim of this paper is to describe how artificial intelligence, algorithms, and deep learning can influence fundamental rights such as privacy and integrity. The authors consider the current protection of these rights the international level with a focus on Russian and European legislation. The authors also discuss whether AI poses a new threat to the protection of fundamental rights, and whether new laws should be established to deal with those violations. The study involves qualitative research methods, aimed at understanding people’s beliefs, experience, attitudes, behaviour, their interactions with social media and AI, as well as the analysis of sources of international and domestic law. The results have implications for new well-being interventions which look at the relationship between the internet and AI and their influence on individual privacy and mental integrity. The authors attempt to evaluate whether the right to privacy requires any special protection in the age of artificial intelligence, and if so, what do we mean by rights to mental privacy and integrity?

Знакомиться нельзя копировать, или История одной таможенной проверки

Although administrative procedures of customs control are regulated to a great extent, a review of the judicial practice provides evidence of violations of rights of verified persons during a customs inspection. The article uses the example of a specific legal case to review problems of protection of procedural rights of a non-public subject in customs relations. The author studies challenging problems of protection of rights and legal interests of persons audited by customs authorities based on materials of Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 22-П of April 28, 2023. The paper reaches a conclusion about discretion of customs and judicial authorities not in favor of non-public subjects, which eventually is able to limit basic constitutional rights of citizens and organizations, in particular, the right to review documents and materials that directly relate to rights and freedoms of an individual in the interaction with public government authorities (Clause 2, Article 24 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The author assesses the position of customs and judicial authorities from the standpoint of mutual trust between government authorities and audited persons, fulfillment of legal expectations of an audited person, predictability of decisions and actions of government authorities, their responsibility for such decisions and actions.

Formation of national varietal resources: status and prospects

Purpose. To study the current state and structure of national plant variety resources, analyse the dynamics of their formation, identify new challenges and threats to national interests and food security of the state. Methods. The research used general scientific methods including hypothesis, observation, search with elements of extrapolation from the source database, analysis, comparative evaluation and synthesis to draw conclusions. Results. The physical and geographical location of Ukraine in the centre of Europe determines the export­import segment of resources of varieties and hybrids, which depends on international trends and trends in the food market. In recent years, our country has lost its leading position in the market of varietal plant resources. At the beginning of the third quarter of 2024, the share of varieties of Ukrainian applicants in the State Re­gister of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine was lower than that of foreign varieties, slightly exceeding 44% (corn – 45.3%, sunflower – 32.9%, vegetables – 23.3%, rapeseed – 19.1%, beetroot – 19.2%). Currently, the priority of domestic breeding is maintained for the following groups: cereals – 52.3%, fodder – 64.2%, medicinal – 88.7%. According to experts, in the coming years three quarters of the varieties of plants grown in our country will be of foreign origin. This situation is of great concern not only because of the increased dependence on imports, but also because of the real prospect of the decline of domestic breeding and the emergence of risks in the field of plant variety rights protection. The reasons for this state of national varietal resources and trends in the development of the seed industry of the main strategic varieties were analysed, taking into account the production of seeds of both foreign and domestic breeding, the market share of which was determined during the research. The volumes and the main producers of conditioned seeds in Ukraine were determined. Conclusions. The state of plant variety resources was analysed, trends and main problems arising in the process of their formation were identified. The main directions of development and implementation of the norms of the European national legislation in the field of protection of rights to plant varieties and seed production were determined.

Reconstructing legal protection for the medical profession in the face of medical disputes during the COVID-19 pandemic from the dignified justice perspective

BACKGROUND: Healthcare involves various stakeholders, including hospitals, healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and others, as well as patients. The direct relationship typically occurs between doctors and patients. In carrying out their duties, doctors always adhere to standard operating procedures, medical records, and informed consent. The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has led to a surge in the number of COVID-19 patients requiring treatment by doctors. On the one hand, doctors and other healthcare professionals face numerous challenges in providing healthcare services, potentially failing to ensure legal certainty for them. AIM: This study aimed to reconstruct legal protection for the medical profession in medical disputes during the COVID-19 pandemic from a Dignified Justice perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is a legal study based on the Dignified Justice Theory to understand the concept of legal protection for healthcare professionals, particularly doctors, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research methodology includes a legislative, conceptual, and case approach. RESULTS: The research results are subsequently analyzed. Based on the research, it is evident that legal protection is derived from regulations related to recognition, protection of rights, and other relevant legal provisions. Legal protection for the medical profession during the COVID-19 pandemic is also framed within the framework of Pancasila, integrated with the Dignified Justice Theory. CONCLUSION: Legal protection for doctors in the COVID-19 rapid response task force is evident because healthcare professionals have received legal protection through supervision and guidance provided by local governments and their employing institutions in handling COVID-19.

Decent Work as An Impact Factor on The Human Capital of Companies in Tulancingo, Hidalgo

Objective: This study analyzes the elements that influence decent work in companies in Tulancingo, Hidalgo. This is because currently the personnel working in organizations infer that they do not have a decent job, due to the fact that there is no pleasant work environment, communication is not usually adequate, in addition to the fact that they do not provide training to perform their functions, which impacts on not having economic and job stability. With the results of this research, we intend to identify and relate the factors that impact human capital when having a decent job. Theoretical Framework: The study analyses related aspects of decent work, human capital and decent work, as well as human capital and decent work, the impact of decent work on social economic development, challenges in the implementation of decent work, aspects such as employment, social protection and labour rights. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology used in this research was a quantitative approach, with a total of 383 people from companies in the Tulancingo region, Hidalgo, considering the different sectors, in such a way as to obtain information corresponding to the variables of: employment, social protection, labor rights and social dialogue; which allowed to identify the most relevant elements that impact decent work. Findings: A measurement instrument was used that includes three dimensions of decent work, with a sample of 383 people. Among the results obtained, 53% feel comfortable in their workplace; however, only 42% feel identified with the company. This is related to working conditions, since 33% of people do not have the materials and supplies that allow them to carry out their work effectively, in addition to the fact that the workload is extreme and tiring. Social Impact: The identification of factors that influence decent work will be very useful for companies in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, because strategies can be implemented to have a better work environment, in such a way that operational efficiency is achieved within the different companies, achieving the participation of the members that make it up and having better results by meeting organizational objectives. Originality/Value: This research paper shows how social protection, labor rights and social dialogue impact employability and decent work in companies in Tulancingo, Hidalgo. The identification of factors will be of great relevance not only for organizations, but also for the personnel who work in them and contribute to their performance.

International and European standards of regulation of the institute of whistleblowers

The article is devoted to clarifying the peculiarities of the international and European standards of regulation of the institute of whistleblowers. It was found that whistleblowers play an important role in detecting violations that can cause significant damage to society, accordingly, international and European standards protect not only the right of every person to disclose information of public interest, but also the rights of persons who report such information ( whistleblowers). It has been established that the concept of «whistleblower» is most widely interpreted by Directive 2019/1937 of the EU and the Council of the EU on the protection of persons who report violations of Union legislation. It was determined that the standards for the protection of the rights of whistleblowers, but only in the field of corruption, are contained in the UN Convention against Corruption, the Criminal Convention on the Fight against Corruption, the Civil Convention on the Fight against Corruption, among them, in particular, the duty of the states that have joined them to determine the competent authority(ies) for reporting whistleblowers and the ability to provide them with the protection they need. At the same time, attention is focused on the fact that EU Directive 2019/1937, in contrast to the mentioned acts, more broadly defines the standards for the protection of whistleblower rights, in particular: it extends its effect simultaneously to the private and public sectors, provides for the protection of not only persons who report violations, but also of persons who contributed to such a report, relatives, colleagues of whistleblowers, etc., as well as persons who suffered from false reports of whistleblowers, which minimizes abuse of the latter’s status (protection). The essential role of the ECtHR’s practice in establishing standards for the regulation of the whistleblower institute is emphasized. It was found out that the ECtHR determines the very concept of «exposure» as one of the manifestations of freedom of expression, which is guaranteed by Article 10 of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and provides for adequate protection for whistleblowers from arbitrary interference in the exercise of this freedom and retaliation for the consequences of its exercise . Analysis of the practice of the ECtHR shows that the court is gradually expanding the standards of protection of whistleblowers, emphasizing their role in exposing violations in various areas and protecting public interests.

Justice as a means of ensuring of the rule of law principle implementation

The article examines the factors that determine the content and essential aspect of justice epistemology results. It was noted that in the conditions of globalization and integration processes, there is a necessity to create an effective justice system that would guarantee compliance with human rights and freedoms, ensure justice and legitimacy of state power. Justice itself acts as a key tool for the rule of law principle implementing, as it is designed to ensure the equality of all before the law, the independence of the judiciary and effective protection of rights and legitimate interests. The key historical, political, economic and European integration factors determining the state of the epistemology of the judicial system in Ukraine have been established and characterized. Attention is focused on the consequences of the soviet past, including distrust of the judicial system and a low legal culture. The influence of political factors is considered and relevant examples are given; the consequences of these factors for justice are indicated. Economic factors increasing corruption risks are analyzed. The importance of European integration processes in reforming the judicial power is covered separately. Attention is focused on the importance of the independence of courts, access to justice and the quality of court decisions as key elements of implementing the rule of law principle. The role of justice in the legal culture formation and equality before the law ensuring is also considered. Provisions reflecting the role of justice in ensuring the rule of law are indicated: protection of human rights and freedoms; ensuring equality of all before the law; interpretation and application of the law; control over the legality of state authorities’ activity; formation of legal culture. It is summarized that justice plays a central role in ensuring the implementation of the principle of the rule of law by ensuring the independence of courts, access to justice for all citizens, high quality of court decisions and their effective implementation. All these elements are an integral part of a law-based state, where the rule of law is the basic principle of society and the state functioning.

Effective justice as a law-based state feature

The article considers the concept of law-based state as a basis for justice effectiveness analysis. The necessity of researching the concept of a law-based state prior to covering the judicial system as a characteristic of a law-based state is methodologically justified. It is emphasized that for the development of Ukrainian legal science it is extremely important to investigate how exactly the effectiveness of justice is related to the extent to which Ukraine corresponds to the ideals of the law-based state, especially in the conditions of modern transformations. It is noted that a law-based state is based on the rule of law, the separation of powers, human rights and freedoms protection, and the independence of the judiciary. The theoretical and practical aspects of a law-based state functioning are considered, in particular the role of constitutionalism and legal mechanisms of control. The article emphasizes the importance of justice as a central element of a law-based state, which ensures the protection of citizens’ rights and control over the actions of state authorities. It was noted that in the context of a law-based state formation the effectiveness of justice acts as an indicator allowing to assess how successfully the ideals of the rule of law and the protection of human rights are implemented. The main criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of justice are determined, namely the independence of judges, access to justice, and fairness of decisions. The connections between effective justice and the principles of the rule of law and its role in a democratic society are covered. It is indicated that in the conditions of reforming the judicial system in Ukraine, the issue of maintaining a balance between the independence of courts and their accountability to society has not only domestic political significance, but also directly affects the international image of Ukraine and the process of European integration. It is summarized that effective justice is one of the most important indicators of a law-based state development. It ensures the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, contributes to the stability of society and the development of democracy. In order to achieve effective justice, it is necessary to constantly work on the legislation improving, qualifications of judges extension, and judiciary independence ensuring.

The military ombudsman as an institutional guarantee for the protection of military personnel rights (based on foreign experience)

The article draws attention to the fact that today, in the conditions of Russian aggression, the state of compliance with the rights of domestic servicemen has significantly deteriorated, which requires the improvement of the constitutional and legal tools for their protection. The foreign experience of developed democratic countries in solving the problem of effectively ensuring the rights of the military through the introduction of specialized ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces is analyzed. The legal nature of military ombudsmen as specialized human rights institutions that have proven themselves positively in a number of states, the history of their introduction, and the positive consequences of their functioning are studied. Considerable attention in the work is devoted to the models of specialized ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces: a) regarding their legislative recognition and regulation of legal status (at the level of the country’s constitution, law or by-law); b) places in the structure of state power (parliamentary and executive); c) models that are structurally part of the armed forces; are not part of the armed forces, but are authorized to deal exclusively with military issues and ombudsmen of general competence, in which the function of protecting the rights of military personnel is provided for by law; d) individual ombudsmen and collegial ombudsman services; e) various models of ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces, depending on the scope and specificity of their powers. It was concluded that for Ukraine in the conditions of war, the introduction of the institute of the military ombudsman is not just timely, it is extremely necessary. The emergence of this institution, on the one hand, will complement the existing means of protecting the constitutional rights and freedoms of the military, on the other hand, it will contribute to the maintenance of their faith in justice, which will generally neutralize the wary attitude of military personnel towards the authorities, and mitigate conflicts between the state, its bodies, and the military. The military ombudsman, exercising his supervisory and human rights powers, will not only contribute to the effective protection of the rights of the military, but also mitigate the contradictions between the state and civil spheres, promote the democratization of the national military sphere, which under his influence should become more responsive to needs and requests of military personnel, which will ultimately guarantee the “democratization” of the military bureaucracy, which, thanks to his activities, will show more attention, sympathy and concern for military personnel.