Protection Of Privilege Research Articles

Пределы уголовно-правовой защиты института адвокатской тайны в контексте противодействия преступлениям террористического характера и экстремистской направленности в УИС

The article analyzes problematic issues of criminal law protection of attorney-client privilege, which is often used by its owners contrary to the interests of society and the state in the field of countering crimes of a terrorist nature and extremist orientation. The authors reveal the relevance of the issues under consideration; explore the content of the norms governing the institution of attorney-client privilege in Russia; based on the analysis of criminal legislation, they propose measures to improve it in this area.

A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Securing Smart City Networks Against Flooding Attack

Due to the increasing digitization of city processes, there has been a significant shift in how cities are governed and how people make their living. However, several types of attacks could target smart cities, and Flooding Attacks (FA) are the most dangerous type. It is also a major issue for many people and programs using the Internet nowadays. Security in smart cities refers to preventative measures necessary to shield the city and its residents from direct or indirect harm by attackers who try to crash the system and deny legitimate users the use of the services. Smart city security, in contrast to standard security mechanisms, necessitates new and creative approaches to protecting the systems and applications while considering characteristics like resource limitations, distributed architecture nature, and geographic distribution. Smart cities are vulnerable to several particular issues, including faulty communication, insufficient data, and privilege protection. Therefore, a hybrid CRNN model that consists of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithms is employed for the detection of Flood Attacks based on the classification of traffic data. Subsequently, the performance of the CRNN is tested and evaluated using the CIC-Bell-DNS-EXF-2021 dataset. The obtained accuracy results of the proposed CRNN model achieved in FA detection is 99.2%.

1419 Pre-clinical in-vitro assays for high throughput screening of drug candidates for protection and restoration of immune privilege in alopecia areata

1419 Pre-clinical in-vitro assays for high throughput screening of drug candidates for protection and restoration of immune privilege in alopecia areata

Women's and Men's Status: Revisiting the Relationship Between Gender Equality and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Europe.

The first European Union Survey on Violence against Women (EU-VAW) released in 2014 revealed the unexpected result indicating that the world's most egalitarian countries have relatively high rates of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW). This phenomenon, referred to as the "Nordic Paradox," revived a heated, intermittently ongoing discussion dating back four decades where several competing hypotheses about the relationship between gender inequality and IPVAW have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. The main aim of this paper is to revisit the most important of such hypotheses proposed in the last four decades, while proposing a new one that could potentially throw some light on understanding the "Nordic Paradox." Multilevel linear regression models are estimated using data from the EU-VAW survey conducted in 2012, and an alternative operationalization of the Gender Equality Index (GEI) (our measure of gender equality). We did not find any significant effect of gender equality on IPVAW repetition. However, we found that higher country-level status of women and men go together with less IPVAW, with a larger effect of women's status in economic domains compared to the impact of men's economic status, and a larger effect of men's overall status. These findings support the Marxist feminist hypothesis, stating that women's absolute status in the economic and labor domain is critical in lessening IPVAW, as women's real and potential access to resources is key for leaving a violent relationship. At the same time, our results support the "male privilege protection" hypothesis, which states that gains in women's status in certain domains-such as in the economic sphere considering our results for the European Union-would not suppose a threat to men, allowing ameliorative effects. In contrast, if the overall status of men is threatened, backlash effects would be triggered.

Juridical Analysis Of Protection And Return Autonomous Region Of The Nagari Indigenous Community Of West Sumatra

Customary law is born from the personality of the Indonesian nation and is vital for the Indonesian nation, besides being vital in the formation of national law, customary law is also useful in understanding Indonesian legal culture, so it must be maintained. Indigenous peoples are a group of people who have the same goals and interests in groups, live and settle in one place. The existence of indigenous peoples is constitutionally regulated and protected. In reality, the existence of indigenous peoples in Indonesia still needs more attention, especially in terms of protecting the privileges that are their rights. Protection of privileges, one of which is given the authority to restore government in accordance with the prevailing customary system. One of them is the existence of Nagari in West Sumatra as one of the Traditional Villages whose existence is recognized in the constitutional system in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the protection of the origin rights of the Nagari customary law community and to determine the mechanism for restoring the authenticity of the Nagari customary law community. The research method used in this research is normative juridical research. The results of the study show that Indonesia is a country with racial, ethnic and cultural diversity, in which there are original rights which are the privilege of a customary law community.

DIFCS: A Secure Cloud Data Sharing Approach Based on Decentralized Information Flow Control

Summary In the field of cloud computing, collaboration and data sharing among clouds have dramatically increased. How to protect the security of shared cloud data is being an urgent problem. Based on decentralized information flow control (DIFC) model, this paper presents an approach, DIFC-based data sharing approach (DIFCS), to protect both confidentiality and integrity of shared cloud data. Additionally, this paper designs a privilege protection policy for DIFCS, resulting in its capability of preventing malicious users from modifying privilege. The correctness and security properties of DIFCS are proved by formal analysis and verification, where firstly, DIFCS is formally interpreted into high-level petri net (HLPN) representation and analyzed using Z language, then is automatically verified with SMT-Lib and Z3 solver. The formal analysis and verification results reveal that DIFCS holds the security properties of confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and privilege tamper-proof. The experimental results further demonstrate the high efficiency of DIFCS.

Ochrona tajemnicy zawodowej radcy prawnego i adwokata w polskim procesie karnym i cywilnym – uwagi krytyczne

Problematyka tajemnicy zawodowej jest przedmiotem zainteresowania licznych przedstawicieli doktryny. Mimo wielu kontrowersji związanych ze szczegółową charakterystyką tej instytucji w literaturze relatywnie jednolicie postrzega się jej podstawy, zakres czy uzasadnienie. Tajemnica zawodowa jawi się bowiem jako jedna z podstawowych gwarancji rzeczywistej realizacji konstytucyjnego prawa do sądu, stąd też dostrzegając wagę tego zagadnienia, również w niniejszej pracy poruszono tę tematykę. Nie jest to jednak kompleksowe opracowanie problemu, lecz – przez analizę obowiązujących regulacji konstytucyjnych i ustawowych – próba uwypuklenia wad obowiązujących rozwiązań legislacyjnych, których istnienie może w niedalekiej przyszłości pozbawić tajemnicę zawodową roli rzeczywistej gwarancji ochrony praw jednostki. Ze względu na przedstawiony cel w niniejszej pracy zastosowano metodę dogmatycznoprawną związaną ze szczegółową analizą tekstów obowiązujących aktów prawnych.

The Covenants of the Prophet and the Problems of Transmission: An Analysis of a Manuscript Copied by Fāris al-Shidyāq

This study examines a covenant of the Prophet, namely, a treaty, patent of protection or charter of privileges, that was copied by Fāris al-Shidyāq at some time before the middle of the nineteenth century. It provides a biographical sketch of the copyist. It reproduces the Arabic original as found in Majmū‘ fawā’id along with an English translation. This is followed by a commentary on the covenant and a series of conclusions, namely, that the “Shidyāq Covenant” from 1857 is a copy of the “Rylands Covenant,” which appears to be an Ottoman-issued document dating from the sixteenth or seventeenth century. This “Shidyāq/Rylands Covenant” could represent the missing link between the “Covenant of the Prophet Muḥammad with the Christians of Najrān,” found in the Chronicle of Seert, and the “Covenant of the Prophet Muḥammad with the Christians of the World,” namely, the Testamentum et Pactiones made famous by Gabriel Sionita in 1630. The significance of this study resides in the fact that it shares a previously unpublished and unstudied covenant of the Prophet Muḥammad, in both Arabic and English, with the scholarly community, while exploring the problems posed by transmission. The more covenants that are rediscovered, the better we will understand their origin, diffusion, and relationship, allowing us to better assess their authenticity. What is more, if these documents are accepted by Muslims as authentic, either in word or in spirit, they can help counter and prevent radicalization, promote moderation, and help protect minorities.

CONFIDENTIALITY AS A FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF THE ADVOCACY

In the article, the author investigated confidentiality as a principle of the organization and activity of the advocacy. The difference between confidentiality and attorney-client privilege was analyzed.
 The author concludes that confidentiality as a principle of the advocacy is a set of legal prescriptions that determine the mechanism for observing attorney-client privilege, protecting personal data and other types of information with limited access in the process of practicing law, as well as qualification, disciplinary and other types of proceedings in the system of advocate's self-government. Attention is drawn to the fact that, unlike many other principles of the advocacy, the principle of confidentiality applies to a wider range of subjects, including not only advocates, but also assistant advocates and interns of advocates, persons who have an employment relationship with a advocate, as well as persons in respect of whom the right to practice law has been terminated or suspended. Arguments were given in favor of applying the concept of limited protection of attorney-client privilege in Ukraine.
 The author justified the need to supplement article 22 of the Law of Ukraine “On advocacy and advocate's activity" with part eight of the following content: "An advocate does not bear disciplinary, administrative, civil and criminal responsibility for providing the central executive body implementing state policy in the field of crime prevention and counteraction with information that constitutes attorney-client privilege, in order to prevent the commission of a serious or particularly serious crime against the life and health of an individual”.

Book Review: “The Right to Counsel and the Protection of Attorney-Client Privilege in Criminal Proceedings. A Comparative View”

To sum up briefly, the book entitled “The Right to Counsel and the Protection of Attorney-Client Privilege in Criminal Proceedings. A Comparative View” should be a must-read for both researchers interested in the current issues relating to the right of counsel in criminal proceedings and practitioners of the judiciary. The research is elaborated on in an interesting and transparent manner. Also inspiring are the conclusions concerning the need for further action on the attorney-client privilege, especially in the sphere of “protection of work-product and electronic files and communications” (p. 71). It would be of scientific value to continue research in this area because of the need to create appropriate foundations for further approximation of the legal orders of EU Member States. From the perspective of the transfer of evidence between Member States, it would be helpful to work out common minimum standards for safeguarding the attorney-client privilege.

White dominance in nursing education: A target for anti-racist efforts.

Literature on racism, anti-racism, whiteness, nursing education and nurse educators was reviewed and analysed for the development of race consciousness and application of anti-racist pedagogy. The literature describes an oppressive educational climate for non-white identifying people, a curriculum that does not attend to the social construction of difference, and a nursing culture that is not consciously situated in a broader sociopolitical context. A particular focus on studies of nurse educators demonstrates a stark need for personal and professional development towards effectively delivering anti-racist pedagogy and a deconstruction of white normativity and dominance amongst white faculty. The protection and reproduction of white privilege is identified through the scholarship itself through a lack of racial analysis, an externalization of the root of oppression and non-specific study measures and outcomes. The persistence and pervasiveness of white dominance in nursing and the lack of anti-racist competence in white educators, particularly, merits a shift in anti-racist efforts away from short-term skill acquisition initiatives towards the deconstruction of socialized white supremacy and enactments of white privilege in nurse educators themselves.

Protection of Medical Privilege in eHealth

Abstract This article exposes legal and moral concerns regarding medical privilege and safety of patients’ medical data in association with the area of eHealth. Digital technology in modern society provides unbelievable opportunities for patients, but also challenges for their privacy. The availability and incorporation of digital technology in almost every aspect of life provides not only opportunities, but also challenges. The security of medical information in the context of medical privilege seems to be at risk, especially in the mHealth area. This article focuses on the emerging privacy issues regarding medical privilege in eHealth. The article analyzes the framework for eHealth in the Polish legal system, with consideration of current legal acts, in relation to medical privilege and security of patients’ data, especially in m Health and the Internet of Things. Due to the delicate nature of information about patients in medicine, it is strongly needed to balance the safeguarding of data and privacy with the development of eHealth.

Five years later, but centuries in the making

Five years later, but centuries in the making

To the issue of ensuring the protection of advocate-client privilege

To the issue of ensuring the protection of advocate-client privilege

Review: Dorceta E Taylor, The Rise of the American Conservation Movement: Power, Privilege, and Environmental Protection

Review: Dorceta E Taylor, <i>The Rise of the American Conservation Movement: Power, Privilege, and Environmental Protection</i>

Book Review: The Rise of the American Conservation Movement: Power, Privilege, and Environmental Protection by Dorceta E. Taylor

Book Review: <i>The Rise of the American Conservation Movement: Power, Privilege, and Environmental Protection</i> by Dorceta E. Taylor

On the New Rules Protecting Attorney-Client Privilege in Criminal Procedure in Russia

In the article, an attempt is made to consider the recently introduced additional criminal procedural guarantees of the protection of attorney-client privilege from the point of view of the system of the Russian criminal procedural legislation and in the light of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The author comes to the conclusion that additional guarantees of protection of attorney-client privilege introduced by the Federal law № 73-FZ contribute to the further development of the adversarial principles of the Russian criminal proceedings. At the same time, some innovations seem to be controversial. The supplement introduced to part 2 of the Article 75 of the Russian Criminal Procedural Code (CPC) concerning inadmissibility of using advocatory items and documents as evidence come into conflct with the Article 17 of the CPC and do not constitute the whole legal system with other provisions of the criminal procedure law. The rules of part 3 of the Article 450.1 of the CPC, according to the author, are incompatible with part 5 of the Article 165 of the CPC regulating urgent procedures of investigative actions requiring judicial permission, as well as part 2 of the Article 450.1 of the CPC. The author makes a range of proposals to improve the legislation and its application.

The Rise of the American Conservation Movement: Power, Privilege, and Environmental Protection. By Dorceta E. Taylor. Duke University Press. 2016. ix + 486pp. $29.95.

The Rise of the American Conservation Movement: Power, Privilege, and Environmental Protection. By Dorceta E. Taylor. Duke University Press. 2016. ix + 486pp. $29.95.

Segregation, Desegregation, Segregation: Charter School Options as a Return to Separate and Unequal Schools for Urban Families

ABSTRACTThe controversial glory of the Brown decisions and the retraction of court-ordered reforms represent the limited gains of racial justice in education and the protection of white privilege through law and policy. The return to segregation, as propagated through the rise of racially and economically segregated charter schools, exhibits the circuitous nature of law and education policy, represents a return to unequal schooling, and reveals the enduring and meaningful connections between race, law, and education. Using the lens of critical race theory, this paper focuses on law as an instrument of racial justice and oppression in education during the era of school desegregation and the inevitable return to separate and unequal schools for African American students through new education policies that promote the proliferation of charter schools in large urban school districts.

The Rise of the American Conservation Movement: Power, Privilege, and Environmental Protection

The Rise of the American Conservation Movement: Power, Privilege, and Environmental Protection