Protection Of Marine Environment Research Articles

Smart Monitoring Method for Land-Based Sources of Marine Outfalls Based on an Improved YOLOv8 Model

Land-based sources of marine outfalls are a major source of marine pollution. The monitoring of land-based sources of marine outfalls is an important means for marine environmental protection and governance. Traditional on-site manual monitoring methods are inefficient, expensive, and constrained by geographic conditions. Satellite remote sensing spectral analysis methods can only identify pollutant plumes and are affected by discharge timing and cloud/fog interference. Therefore, we propose a smart monitoring method for land-based sources of marine outfalls based on an improved YOLOv8 model, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This method can accurately identify and classify marine outfalls, offering high practical application value. Inspired by the sparse sampling method in compressed sensing, we incorporated a multi-scale dilated attention mechanism into the model and integrated dynamic snake convolutions into the C2f module. This approach enhanced the model’s detection capability for occluded and complex-feature targets while constraining the increase in computational load. Additionally, we proposed a new loss calculation method by combining Inner-IoU (Intersection over Union) and MPDIoU (IoU with Minimum Points Distance), which further improved the model’s regression speed and its ability to predict multi-scale targets. The final experimental results show that the improved model achieved an mAP50 (mean Average Precision at 50) of 87.0%, representing a 3.4% increase from the original model, effectively enabling the smart monitoring of land-based marine discharge outlets.

Navigating the Waves of Change—Assessing the Evolving Landscape of China’s Revised Marine Environmental Protection Law

Since its inception in 1982, the Marine Environmental Protection Law (MEPL) has undergone several revisions in 1999, 2013, 2016, and 2017, capping in the inclusive overhaul of 2023. These successive revisions have gradually shaped a robust legal system encompassing the Constitution as the foundational basis, the MEPL as the core regulatory instrument, and several corresponding laws safeguarding specific marine elements as the driving force. The newly revised MEPL 2023, compared to its previous iterations, introduces significant improvements that are largely reflected in strengthening the protection of marine biodiversity conservation, advancing the prevention and control of ship-source marine pollution, optimising the supervision of the marine environment, enhancing the prevention and control of land-based marine pollution, and imposing stricter liabilities. This paper examines how the new MEPL 2023 improves China’s marine environmental protection, and incorporates international best practices within the legal framework. Additionally, the research explores potential areas for further development that provide some implications for policymakers and should have been considered.

The improvement of judicial protection of marine environment in China: based on the analysis of 2,443 judicial cases

With the proliferation of human activities, a series of marine ecological and environmental problems have arisen. Judicial application is important to test legislative achievements, explore judicial difficulties, and examine the compliance with the law. There is no case law in China and the impact of judicial decisions on the protection of marine environment is therefore indirect. Judicial decisions can reflect the implementation of the Marine Environmental Protection Law and play a crucial role in improving the marine environmental protection. An analysis of 2,443 cases related to marine environmental protection heard by courts at all levels across China from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023 has been conducted. The findings indicate an overall downward trend in cases related to marine environmental protection, suggesting positive governance outcomes to some extent. However, certain problems remain in the judicial protection of marine environment. Therefore, legislative efficiency should be properly increased and an independent crime for marine environmental pollution should be introduced to further clarify the legal bases for marine environmental protection. The intelligent trial assistance technology should also be applied to shorten trial time, improve trial efficiency, and unify judicial rules. The People’s Courts should play an active role in the provision of evidence and specific evidentiary burden provisions for different types of marine environmental pollutions should be proposed. The data sharing channels between various systems should be facilitated and the functionality for case referral should be developed for the coordination of administrative enforcement and criminal justice within a unified administrative enforcement platform.

Unraveling the Maintenance of Southeast Asia Maritime Security; A Look into the ASEAN Maritime Outlook

The sea is an important engine of development for the growth of Southeast Asia. It has provided the states with new opportunities for growth and development. It is not surprising that many initiatives have been undertaken to leverage the vast sea in the region. Under Indonesia’s chairmanship, ASEAN’s focus towards the maritime domain was accentuated by the release of the ASEAN Maritime Outlook (AMO). This new addition to ASEAN’s maritime security instruments serves as a reference for upcoming endeavors on the field and to avoid duplication. Through using the qualitative research methods, the author seeks to explore the ways ASEAN has sought to maintain its multifaceted maritime security. Against that backdrop, apart from elaborating what the AMO has to offer, the author also unravels the strides ASEAN has taken in maintaining some dimensions to its maritime security. The aforementioned dimensions, referring to Christian Bueger, consisted of national security, human security, marine environment, and economic development. It is found how ASEAN’s effort to maintain maritime security is apparent in the initiatives done within its 3 pillars. Moreover, ASEAN also expands its effort by cooperating with actors outside of Southeast Asia in many aspects given the interconnectedness inherent to the sea. Based on the conclusion, it is recommended that ASEAN continues to prioritize and enhance its multifaceted approach to maritime security, building on the foundations laid by the ASEAN Maritime Outlook (AMO). ASEAN should intensify efforts to strengthen national security, human security, marine environment protection, and economic development through its three pillars: Political-Security Community, Economic Community, and Socio-Cultural Community. To further bolster these initiatives, ASEAN should deepen its cooperation with external partners, leveraging the interconnected nature of the maritime domain.

Recent developments in building sustainable marine fisheries in China: Reflections on the 2023 Revision of the Marine Environmental Protection Law

As the ocean provides an environmental carrier for fisheries development, sustainable marine fisheries and marine environmental protection are highly synergistic and consistent. Facing traditional and emerging crises such as marine pollution, overfishing and climate change, China revised the Marine Environmental Protection Law in 2023. This article aims to evaluate whether the newly revised Marine Environmental Protection Law effectively responds to crises of sustainable development in marine fisheries and how it contributes to sustainable marine fisheries. The study has found that the 2023 revision enriches and improves China’s legal regimes on marine fisheries from multiple aspects, covering marine environmental supervision, marine ecological protection and the prevention and control of land-based pollution, engineering construction projects pollution, waste dumping pollution, vessel pollution and legal responsibility. The newly revised Marine Environmental Protection Law not only refines the institutional norms and intensifies the legal responsibilities of violations but also improves the systemic nature of the legislation, thus providing stronger legal guarantees for sustainable marine fisheries. However, there are also legislative shortcomings such as unclear connotations of the newly established legal regimes and insufficient response to overfishing and climate change. Nevertheless, China’s newly revised Marine Environmental Protection Law applies the methodology of integrated ecosystem management and comprehensively utilized regulatory measures such as command-and-control tools, honor encouragement and economic incentives to enhance its regulatory effect, also providing implications and insights for addressing the challenges of sustainable marine fisheries on a global scale.

Fukushima nuclear wastewater discharge: An analysis of the international regulatory framework

This study examined the international legal framework that applies to Japan’s resolution to release nuclear wastewater from the Fukushima Nuclear Facility into the Pacific Ocean during the Summer of 2023. While the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) published a report on July 4, 2023, asserting that Japan’s plans align with safety standards and would result in a minimal radiological impact on people and the environment, concerns over potential pollution of the global marine environment and opposition from neighboring countries persist. Notably, China disputed the IAEA’s findings and imposed a de facto ban on Japanese seafood imports. This incident has raised significant global environmental concerns and legal disputes. This analysis focused on the international norms and regulations governing marine environmental protection and nuclear safety relating to Japan’s decision. Various existing marine ecological protections, nuclear safety conventions, and specific articles were deemed pertinent to the situation. However, the application of these measures remains characterized by ambiguity and uncertainty. Consequently, the study argues for establishing a more effective and authoritative nuclear wastewater governance framework to address the distinct challenges associated with nuclear wastewater management.

Impact of the amended Chinese Marine Environmental Protection Law on the law enforcement action of the Coast Guard — With a focus on the discharge of ballast water after Japan’s releasing of nuclear wastewater into the sea

After Japan released nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean, China amended and promulgated the Marine Environmental Protection Law (MEPL) on October 24, 2023. The 2023 MEPL grants the Coast Guard extraterritorial jurisdiction over marine environmental protection. Meanwhile, it removes the content related to immunity for the disposal of radioactive substances and strictly prohibits the discharge of such substances into the sea. It is suggested that the 2023 MEPL will impact Coast Guard law enforcement actions, particularly in cases involving the punishment of marine pollution caused by nuclear wastewater. Additionally, China's Civil Procedure Law on jurisdiction over foreign-related infringement cases was also amended in 2023. Chinese courts have gained broader jurisdiction in foreign-related tort cases. As a result, Japanese parties will face the risk of civil damage compensation litigation due to the disposal of nuclear wastewater.

Assessing the Quality of Ship Crew Members in Sewage Pollution Prevention Practices on Marine Environmental Protection: A Case of Dar Es Salaam – Zanzibar Ropax Vessels

The maritime industry is crucial for global trade, but it also significantly impacts the marine environment, particularly through sewage pollution. This study assesses the quality of ship crew members in sewage pollution prevention practices on marine environmental protection, focusing on ROPAX vessels operating between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar. The stud aims to assess the quality of ship’s crew members in training and education, experience and the number of crew in sewage pollution prevention practices. The study collected data from 80 respondents, whereby both questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using T-test, Chi-square test, Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study finding revealed that significant deficiencies in awareness and training among crew members regarding MARPOL Annex IV regulations, with many respondents rating their understanding as very low or low. This lack of knowledge, compounded by insufficient formal training programs, hampers the effective implementation of pollution prevention measures. The study recommends a multifaceted approach, including enhanced training, financial support for compliance, and stronger regulatory oversight to improve environmental protection practices. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to reduce the environmental impact of the Tanzanian maritime industry and protect marine ecosystem.

Policy coherence for ecosystem-based management: Implementing EU water and marine policies in the Archipelago Sea

The European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Marine Strategic Framework Directive (MSFD) call for member states to achieve the good environmental status of coastal waters and marine areas and to create ecosystem-based management plans that cover individual sectors. The Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM) has listed the Archipelago Sea as an environmental hotspot in the Baltic Sea due to its vulnerability to the impacts of eutrophication. Agricultural runoff is the main source of excess nutrient loading, although aquaculture, tourism, wastewater treatment and internal loading also contribute. In this paper, we focus on the horizontal and vertical policy coherence in the Archipelago Sea region. The research data consist of policy documents and 11 thematic interviews. This paper aims to reveal how European water and marine policies are implemented in the Archipelago Sea and to identify the synergies and coherence challenges exist between policy sectors of agriculture, aquaculture and offshore wind. Evidence from the Archipelago Sea case study shows that a lack of coherence between sectoral policies can create challenges for ecosystem-based management. Moreover, the coherence and synergies in implementing regional and EU marine policy frameworks at the national and local levels can guide sectoral decisions towards strengthening of marine resilience and biodiversity.

Analysis of fine-grained sediment dynamics from field observations with a vector autoregressive model

Empirical models and process-based theoretical or numerical models are valuable tools for analyzing sediment dynamics by reproducing the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) observations, but they are either limited by simplified assumptions or computationally complex. Some data-driven models have been developed to predict SSC but are still weak in explaining the causes of its changes. A field observation of silty sediment dynamics was performed in the Yellow River Delta, China. Then, a vector autoregressive (VAR) model is employed to analyze and predict the SSC variations. Using the impulse response function, the VAR model quantifies the transient and cumulative responses of the SSC to storm and current shocks (i.e., the impulse input), which reveals the key mechanisms of SSC changes from a new perspective. Results show that the storm effect on SSC in the study area lasts for ca. 85 h, and the SSC peaks at around the 36th hour with a cumulative increase of about 1.3 g/L due to the storm’s cumulative effect. Quantitative analysis reveals that waves contribute 73.78% to the SSC, while tidal currents contribute 26.22%. Fine SSC is significantly impacted by horizontal advection. A single reciprocal motion of the tidal current affects the SSC for approximately 6.25 h, while the overall duration exceeds 100 h. The proposed model physically reveals that the storm-induced high concentration gradient has been pushed back and forth by the tidal currents, affecting the SSC at the observation site, and the horizontal advection effect lasts for more than 100 h. Moreover, the VAR model achieves high-accuracy interval predictions of SSC for the next 5 h using only historical hydrodynamic data, with a 100% coverage probability of the 95% prediction interval. This paper provides a simple and efficient method for sediment dynamics analysis, which is of great significance for marine environment protection and disaster warning.

Assessing the changes in marine microalgae diversity in the Nanji Islands Nature Reserve over the past decades using sediment eDNA

The Nanji Islands, designated as one of China’s national nature reserves, are renowned for their abundant microalgal resources. Changes in microalgae can serve as indicators of marine environmental shifts. Despite this significance, the absence of comprehensive historical records on microalgal diversity has limited the evaluation of marine environmental protection efforts. This study addresses this gap by analyzing surface sediments and sediment cores from the Nanji Islands, utilizing 210Pb dating and employing environmental DNA (eDNA) technology to trace historical shifts in the molecular diversity of microalgae. Chloroplast gene fragments were amplified using rbcL primers, and 210Pb dating determined the deepest sediment layer (78-80 cm) to date back to 1994. From the 70-72 cm layer to the 60-62 cm layer, the number of microalgal reads increased rapidly from 27,716 to 65,143, signifying enhanced abundance over the 10 years following the establishment of the nature reserve. This was followed by a deceleration in microalgal abundance growth over the subsequent 20 years, potentially reflecting variations in primary production of microalgae. Concurrently, the rise in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the Margalef index suggest a boost in microalgal diversity, which may be attributed to improvements in the marine environment. The microalgal community composition has shifted from a dominance of Dinoflagellata and Streptophyta to a predominance of Bacillariophyta, the change in phosphate would be one of the impact factors worth noting. This study provides foundational data on the historical changes in microalgae in the Nanji Islands and serves as a reference for exploring the relationship between environmental conditions and microalgal dynamics.

A Dynamic Simulation and Evaluation of the Coupling Coordination Degree of the Marine Economy–Resource–Environment System in China

As the scale of the marine economy continues to expand, the problems of environmental pollution and the over-exploitation of marine resources have become increasingly severe. The purpose of this study is to realize the sustainable growth of the marine economy, the rational utilization of resources, and the coordinated development of environmental protection. Method: This research first adopts the system dynamics (SD) model. It then uses the entropy method to weigh the evaluation indicators and create a coupling coordination degree (CCD) assessment simulation of the marine economic–resource–ecological environment. We use the created SD model to build and simulate four standard scenarios: current, economic, resource, and environmental. Finally, we propose suitable recommendations for the long-term development of the marine economy based on the coordination evaluation results of the CCD model. Results: Results show the following: (1) In the immediate term, the economic scenario is poorly coordinated, whereas the environmental scenario is more effectively coordinated. However, in the long-term development process, the resource scenario is reasonably well coordinated. (2) Priority attention must be given to improving the energy mix and protecting the natural environment to promote the sustainable development of the marine economy. (3) To achieve a virtuous cycle between marine economic development and environmental protection, governments, businesses, and all sectors of society need to work together to formulate and implement relevant policies and initiatives.

Residents’ pro-environmental behaviors in marine environmental protection

Guiding the public to implement pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) is an important tool in protecting the marine environment. Based on a survey of 418 citizens in Qingdao, the public’s behavioral attitudes and media concerns are introduced to expand the traditional norm activation model (NAM) to understand the public’s PEBs to give references in constructing an effective public participation mechanism in marine environmental protection. The results reveal that most residents express a strong willingness to implement all types of PEBs, with a notable preference for recycling behaviors, followed by accommodating, public, and consuming behaviors. The extended NAM is found to be particularly effective in explaining accommodating and public behaviors. Personal norms can affect PEBs directly, whereas perceived responsibility and media concerns exert indirect effects on PEBs. Meanwhile, there are some differences in the formation mechanism among different behaviors. This research is conducive to understanding the public’s PEBs and thereby improving public participation in marine environmental protection.

Global offshore wind turbine detection: a combined application of deep learning and Google earth engine

ABSTRACT As a renewable energy source, ocean wind energy plays an important role in addressing challenges such as global energy shortages and climate warming. In the past decade, the offshore wind power industry has developed rapidly. However, its development has also inevitably affected local social, economic and environmental aspects. Therefore, a timely understanding of offshore wind power dynamics development is crucial for its healthy and sustainable development. Based on this, this study designs and develops a more economical, reliable and real-time offshore wind turbine (OWT) extraction method by combining deep learning and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. The method consists of two main steps. The first part utilizes multiple semantic segmentation models to construct a multi-model detection method to initially detect OWTs. The second part utilizes the GEE cloud computing platform for installation time detection and secondary purification processing of the preliminary results. The results show that the number of global OWTs reached 13,609 by 2023, and the accuracy of the detection results reached 99.93%. China has been the fastest-growing country in offshore wind power in the last decade, from installing only 4 units in 2015 to installing 6,775 units in 2023 and surpassing the UK in 2020 and becoming the country building the most OWTs worldwide. Currently, 85% of the world’s OWTs are located in China and European North Sea waters. Additionally, other regions have great potential for offshore wind development. Finally, this study provides the world’s most up-to-date and complete OWT dataset, which can provide data support for research on marine ecological and environmental protection, marine spatial planning, and socioeconomic benefits.

Performance evaluation of marine ecological compensation in coastal cities of China via a novel two-stage bargaining game DEA with imprecise data

To alleviate the pressure of economic development on the marine environment, the Marine Ecological Compensation (MEC) has become a major policy tool for the Chinese government to reconcile the contradiction between economic development and the marine environment. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage bargaining game data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to evaluate the performance of MEC under the cooperative structure. The proposed model considers the link between marine economic development (MED) and marine environmental protection (MEP). Meanwhile, the equivalent form, Nash equilibrium solution, sensitivity and stability of the model are as well documented to further analyze MED and MEP. Eventually, a case study of 30 coastal cities in China serves to verify the practicable effectiveness of the foregoing model combined with numerical simulation and support key insights as below: (i) According to the results evaluated by the decentralized DEA model, we find that if one party of MED and MEP takes priority, the efficiency score of the other party will be severely affected; (ii) the evaluation results of sensitivity and stability demonstrate that inputs and outputs have different impact degrees on the efficiency scores of MED and MEP, which provide directions for improving the efficiency of both systems; (iii) The proposed model addresses the limitation of the conventional two-stage DEA model that cannot handle uncertain variables, thus revealing the influence of uncertainty on MEC efficiency. The compelling evidence presented in the case study solidifies the effectiveness of the proposed model, establishing its promising prospects for application in evaluating the performance of DMUs with a two-stage structure.

A spatiotemporal co-occurrence pattern mining algorithm based on ship trajectory data

Finding the potential spatiotemporal co-occurrence behavior patterns of large groups of ships while sailing is a challenging problem of great importance in many real-world applications. Through spatiotemporal data mining of ship trajectory data, route rules, navigation behavior, and potential anomalies can be mined, providing important support for maritime management, navigation safety, and emergency response. With the analysis and mining of ship trajectory data in some hotspot sea areas, this paper introduced a ship spatiotemporal co-occurrence pattern mining algorithm based on association rules. Based on the research of data model and the judgment criterion of spatio-temporal co-occurrence law, such concepts as candidate set, frequency set, and instance set are introduced together with the key procedure of algorithm, including pruning and pasting of candidate sets, screening of instance sets, definition of association reasoning, and association rule mining. Subsequently, the process of implementing the spatiotemporal co-occurrence pattern mining algorithm is devised. In the end, the algorithm is verified by taking the automatic identification system data of ships in hotspot sea areas as the source data. The proposed algorithm can find several ship combinations with spatiotemporal co-occurrence regularity in these hotspot sea areas, and the association rules on the co-occurrence of several ships. The performance of the proposed algorithms is illustrated on a real-world ship trajectory database and made a detailed comparative analysis. The results are very promising in terms of computational time. The experimental results show that our algorithm can effectively identify the motion patterns and behavior characteristics of ships, which provides an important reference and support for Marine traffic management, ship safety and Marine environment protection. The research results of this paper are of great significance for improving the efficiency and safety of maritime traffic, and also provide new ideas and methods for further research in related fields.

An LADM-based profile for marine geo-regulation: A case study of China

With the rapid development of the marine economy, the transfer, lease and other transactions of marine use right in China's coastal areas have emerged continuously. At the same time, to promote the effective protection of marine environment and resources, the establishment and reform of marine property rights system has become a very important part. To play the basic role of the market and environmental protection in the utilization of marine resources, it is very important to establish the corresponding property right registration system. In response, the central government has proposed the establishment of a unified registration system for real estate and natural resources nationwide, including in marine areas. Therefore, this study takes China's marine administration as the research object and constructs a conceptual model based on LADM, which serves as an important basis for the subsequent registration system development. Specifically, this study first summarizes the evolution process of China's marine administration system since the founding of China. Secondly, it puts forward the existing marine rights system. Then, based on the LADM standard and the instance-level diagram for marine administration activities, the corresponding LADM-based profile is developed. The core improvement of this model lies in the improved structuring of marine-related rights, restrictions and responsibilities (as well as related source documents), which is an important preparation for the expansion of land information infrastructure to the sea.

Underwater Bubble Plume Recognition Algorithm Based on Multi-Feature Fusion Understanding

Underwater bubble plume images contain a wealth of information on wave field and flow characteristics, which can provide valuable research data for marine development, environmental protection, and underwater surveys. However, based on fusing image features and wave field environment features, identifying accurately the underwater bubble plume is still very difficult. In order to improve the accuracy and robustness of bubble plume identification in complex underwater environments, an underwater bubble plume recognition algorithm based on multi-feature fusion understanding is proposed. In this paper, a weight-independent dual-channel residual convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction of the original optical images and the nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) low-frequency images, and the multi-scale composite feature map groups are generated. Then adaptive fusion is performed based on the feature contribution of the target in different types of images. Next, logical region of interest (ROI) masks are generated by the attention mechanism and superimposed on the fused image to further highlight the target features. Finally, the multi-scale dual-channel fused feature maps containing ROI masks are used for underwater bubble plume target recognition. The experimental results show that the designed recognition network can effectively fuse the features of the original optical images and the NSCT low-frequency imagers, improve the depth of information fusion, and retain the target texture features and the morphological features while reducing the interference of the background information, and have good recognition accuracy and robustness for multi-scale bubble targets in the underwater environment.

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments and their impact on macrobenthos in Asan Bay, South Korea

Bay ecosystems with unique economic and ecological value are more vulnerable to heavy metal pollution than other marine ecosystems. In South Korea, rapid economic development has exacerbated heavy metal pollution in bay environments. This study analyzed concentrations of seven heavy metals and the structure of macrobenthic community in Asan Bay. Five heavy metal indices (PLI, Pn, RI, TRI, and MERMQ) were used to assess ecological risk. Additionally, spearman correlation, biota–environment matching (BIO-ENV), and redundancy analysis (RDA) were utilized to determine the influence of heavy metals on macrobenthic communities. Although average concentrations of seven heavy metals were below sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the average concentration of Cd was close to the threshold effects level (TEL). The nemerow pollution index (Pn) and the potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated that Cd was the primary heavy metal contributing to ecological risk. Spearman correlation, BIO-ENV, and RDA indicated that heavy metals were the main environmental factors influencing macrobenthic communities in Asan Bay. However, five heavy metal indices (PLI, Pn, RI, TRI, and MERMQ) did not show a response to the macrobenthic communities. Overall, low concentrations of heavy metals have a certain negative impact on macrobenthic communities in Asan Bay. This study can serve as an important reference for marine environmental protection and policy-making in Asan Bay.

Investigations into dynamic variation characteristics of near-bottom boundary flows over a long term at strait areas

Dynamic processes at the bottom boundary layers are crucial for various marine applications such as marine energy exploration and environmental protection. This paper explored hydrodynamic characteristics of near-bottom boundary currents based on the continuous measured velocity data at a site near the bottom boundary layer in the Strait of Georgia. Previous studies on the bottom boundary layer encompasses various aspects, including physical, chemical, and biological dimensions. However, the mechanism underlying the hierarchical structure of flow velocity remain poorly understood. Thus, the power spectrum and wavelet analysis were used to analyze the significant period of the averaged velocity and tidal characteristics, and to calculate the thickness of near-bottom boundary layer. The results indicate that the current velocities at the boundary layer tend to flow in south-eastern and north-western directions. There is a significant period of 15 days in August and September. At a depth of 301 m, the vertical velocities are stratified, indicating different velocity layers. The boundary layer thickness varies from 5.23 to 14.74 m, as indicated by the vertical structural characteristics. The structural characteristics of the seabed boundary layer are conducive to deepening our understanding of sediment's incipient motion, transport, and sedimentation process. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for future studies on sediment movement and the numerical simulation analysis of the bottom boundary layer. It is of great significance for the study of wave flow interaction and marine dynamic structure, and can provide scientific support for the development and utilization of the strait area.