Protection Of Intellectual Property Rights Research Articles

Are We Asking Too Much of OER? A Conversation on OER from OE Global 2023

This paper examines the pervasive discourse of disruption in OER literature by recounting a facilitated conversation hosted at the 2023 Open Education Global conference held in Edmonton, Alberta. This dialogue used Bacchi’s “what is the problem represented to be” (WPR) approach to structure the conversation in four movements. The first movement problematized the concept of OER by discussing the educational challenges OER supposedly addresses, such as the high cost of textbooks. The second movement considered the genealogy, historical development, and philosophical underpinnings of OER. The third movement accounted for the disruptors within the OER movement, exploring what OER have disrupted and discussing if disruption is even a legitimate goal of OER. The fourth and final movement pivoted to examine resistors and forms of resistance to OER, including the protection of intellectual property rights, copyright concerns, and Marcuse’s idea of repressive tolerance. This single conversation generated a small but important piece of social intelligence within a much larger dialogue about open education, open pedagogy, and OER during a time of flux (characterized by intense politicization, the relentless progression of educational technology, the intensification of marketization, and the growing popularity of all-inclusive textbooks). This social intelligence can be used to guide the next transition phase for OER development. While the conversation does not offer tidy solutions or even clear recommendations, it does suggest that the next wave of OER practitioners would always do well to focus on the goals OER can achieve, not what they hope to disrupt.

Ecological Construction of China's Music Industry from the Perspective of Cultural Economy

As an important part of culture economy, the Chinese music industry has shown a steady growth trend from the supply side, consumption side, and channel side, but there are still some structural contradictions, weak links and problems. With draw lessons from international advanced experience, this paper considers that the healthy and vigorous development of the music industry of China requires the protection of intellectual property rights, the support of financial and tax policies, the cultivation of professional talents, the forging of the industrial chain, and the encouragement of the "going global" of the music industry. This paper believes that the pursuit of spiritual life by humans is endless, the world music industry has shown great market potential and bright growth prospects.

Practical Reforms in the Field of Copyright Protection in the Republic Of Uzbekistan and Their Promising Results

This article examines the ongoing efforts to enhance legal literacy, awareness, and the protection of intellectual property rights in Uzbekistan, focusing on the “Strategy for the Development of Intellectual Property in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022-2026.” It highlights the significant legal reforms undertaken since the 2017-2021 development strategy, including the adoption of over a thousand laws aimed at fostering transparency, civil society engagement, and human rights protection. However, several challenges persist in the legal protection of intellectual property, such as inadequate public knowledge, weak integration of intellectual property in production processes, and insufficient coordination among relevant state bodies. The research explores how collective management of intellectual property rights, inspired by international models, can address these challenges. It also delves into the institutional reforms needed to ensure efficient legal protection, prevent counterfeit products, and promote the use of intellectual activity results in the economic and social sectors. The article concludes with recommendations for improving Uzbekistan’s intellectual property framework, increasing public engagement, and positioning intellectual property as a key driver of the country's socio-economic development.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccine Imperialism

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed and exacerbated the global inequalities regarding the availability and access to vaccines. Many terms have appeared in the academic literature (“vaccine colonialism,” “vaccine nationalism,” “vaccine apartheid”) trying to capture and interpret these inequalities, failing in most cases to realistically explain the upstream causes of the observed injustices. A Marxist perspective on the contrary emphasizes the structural causes of inequalities in capitalism and attributes them to the existence of economic exploitation. “Vaccine imperialism,” which refers to the control that advanced industrialized countries exert on the development, production, and distribution of vaccines at the expense of less-developed economies, can describe and explain in a more realistic way the observed inequalities during the pandemic. Our study proposes a circuit of vaccine imperialism that explains how economic imperialist exploitation takes place via transfers of value from less-developed economies (vaccine recipient countries) to imperialist economies (vaccine producing and patent holder countries) using four different channels: (a) protection of intellectual property (IP) rights (patents), (b) earnings from royalty payments for the use of vaccines (monopolistic prices and profits), (c) exercise of monopoly power on the production and distribution of vaccines (control over the quantity of vaccines supplied, exclusion of competitors through vaccine licensing), and (d) public debt servicing. JEL Classification: I14, I18, D43, F54, F55, H51

The Future of Generative AI: Copyright and Infringement Issues

Rapid advancements in generative artificial intelligence (Generative AI) have sparked a global revolution, ushering in a new era of accelerated automation that promises to upend industries, boost productivity, and potentially displace significant portions of the white- and blue-collar workforce. However, the rise of Generative AI also presents numerous challenges, particularly in the realm of copyright and infringement. The use of copyrighted works as training data for AI models has sparked fierce debates among creators, artists, writers, and programmers who object to their creations being utilized without attribution or compensation. Whether AI-generated content should be protected under copyright law is contentious, as the traditional copyright framework was designed for human creators. This paper delves into the copyright and infringement challenges posed by Generative AI, examining the legal framework, case studies, and potential solutions. It argues that a strategic approach is necessary to navigate the complexities of this rapidly evolving technology while ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights. The paper concludes by advocating for the development of comprehensive legal frameworks that balance the benefits of Generative AI with the need to safeguard creators rights.

Empirical Research on the Impact of Technological Innovation on New Energy Vehicle Sales

In the context of global carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, researching the driving forces and influencing factors behind the growth in sales of new energy vehicles (NEVs) is particularly urgent and crucial. Although the academic community has extensively explored various factors affecting NEV sales, technological innovation, as the core engine driving industry progress, is yet to receive sufficient and in-depth exploration regarding its potential profound impact on sales. Therefore, this study thoroughly analyzes the mechanism by which technological innovation influences sales, supplementing the existing literature, exploring sustainable industry development, and guiding the optimization of business strategies and precise government policies. This research employs the quality of NEV technology patents as a proxy variable for technological innovation, and conducts an empirical analysis using China’s NEV sales data from 2015 to 2022. The results of the study show the following: (1) the quality of technological innovation significantly contributes to the growth of new energy vehicle sales. This conclusion still holds when the administrative protection of intellectual property rights and the government’s public innovation environment indicators are used as instrumental variables of technological innovation quality. (2) Technological innovations in different links of the new energy vehicle industry chain have a positive impact on sales, especially those in the midstream battery, motor, and downstream charging services. This shows that in the critical period of new energy vehicle development, not only is the breakthrough of key technologies crucial, but also, non-critical technologies can promote sales growth by improving user experience and product performance. (3) Compared with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the overall technological innovation of new energy vehicles (NEVs) has a more significant effect on the sales of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). (4) In addition, the study finds that there is no significant difference between high-quality and low-quality technological innovations on the promotion of new energy vehicle sales, which indicates that the market values the overall effect of technological innovations more than the mere level of quality. The study of the impact of technological innovation on sales in different branches of the new energy industry chain can help to clarify the direction of technological innovation, optimize resource allocation, promote the synergistic development of the industry chain, enhance market competitiveness, and provide a scientific basis for policy formulation.

Intellectual property rights protection and sustainable innovation performance: The mediating role of technology spillover

AbstractDespite extensive research into the factors driving sustainable innovation, there remains a significant gap in understanding the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. This study delves into how IPR protection influences sustainable innovation performance and explores the mechanism of technology spillover and the condition of absorptive capacity. Analyzing data from 266 firms in Vietnam, our findings indicate a positive correlation between IPR protection and technology spillover. Additionally, we find that technology spillover mediates the relationship between IPR protection and sustainable innovation performance. Interestingly, we show that absorptive capacity bolsters the relationship between technology spillover and sustainable innovation performance. These insights offer valuable additions to the existing literature on IPR protection and sustainable innovation literature. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed in detail.

Intellectual property protection and total factor productivity of enterprises: A quasi-natural experiment of intellectual property courts

This study reveals that the establishment of intellectual property courts can significantly improve the TFP of enterprises. After a series of robustness tests, the conclusion is still valid. Mechanistic research finds that the establishment of intellectual property courts can promote TFP of enterprises by strengthening regional law enforcement, improving the quality of enterprise innovation, and enhancing the regional business environment. Intellectual property rights protection has heterogeneous effects on different ownership types, enterprise sizes, and product competitive position. Intellectual property protection is highly important for improving the total factor productivity of enterprises and achieving high-quality economic development.

Liability of marketplaces for intellectual property rights infringement: the experience of the US and China

This study addresses the issues involved in holding information intermediaries accountable for infringement of intellectual property rights. The growing significance of online commerce and the necessity to protect intellectual property rights in a digital environment makes this research especially relevant. This study aims to identify the various approaches to holding intermediaries accountable and assess the effectiveness of existing legal regulations in the United States and China. The findings indicate significant differences in the approaches to this issue in the legal systems studied. For instance, in the United States, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act imposes fewer obligations on intermediaries to monitor user-generated content. This approach provides broad protection to platforms and encourages innovation, but leaves certain gaps in the protection of intellectual property rights. Conversely, China’s E-commerce Law places more responsibilities on platforms to prevent violations, offering them less protection. The conclusions drawn may contribute to the improvement of legal regulation concerning the activities of information intermediaries, the enhancement of enforcement mechanisms, and the development of strategies to combat intellectual property rights infringement.

Selection Process Based on Advancing the Development of a Science and Technology Law System with Chinese Features

The significance of advancing socialist S&T legal system building with Chinese features is examined in this paper, along with the extensive effects it has on S&T innovation and economic growth. Against the backdrop of an increasingly competitive global scientific and technology landscape, China’s ability to innovate and achieve sustainable growth hinges on the establishment of an ideal science and technology legislative framework. This essay first examines the primary obstacles to China’s development of a science, technology, and innovation (S&T) legal system, including inadequate protection for intellectual property rights, a flawed process for transforming scientific and technological advancements, and an insufficient system for encouraging enterprise innovation. Then, this research presents a quantitative analysis model to optimize the path of science and technology legal building by applying the improved particle swarm optimization method (PSO). The model takes into account a wide range of variables, including the degree of intellectual property protection, the strength of legal backing, the pace at which scientific and technological advancements are transformed, etc. Through the analysis of simulation data, the model also confirms the promotion effect of the legal system construction on the quantity of patent applications, the success rate of innovation projects, the enterprise R&D expenditure, and the expansion of the local economy. The study’s findings demonstrate that bolstering the science and technology legal system can effectively encourage businesses to boost R&D investment and foster regional economic development in addition to greatly raising the quantity of patent applications and the success rate of innovation projects. The rigorous intellectual property protection laws and ideal legal framework for the conversion of accomplishments greatly boost the regional innovation vitality and economic efficiency, particularly in the case study of Zhongguancun in Beijing and East China. Moreover, adaptive weighting is used to enhance the PSO algorithm and optimize the development of science and technology legal system’s comprehensive performance index, thereby confirming the model’s viability and efficacy. The study’s findings offer theoretical justification and helpful advice for China’s development of a science and technology legal framework, which is crucial for fostering innovation in these fields and boosting the country’s competitiveness.

Impact of Big Data on Carbon Emissions: Empirical Evidence from China’s National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone

Big data is a pivotal factor in propelling the digital economy forward and emerges as a novel driver in realizing the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This study focuses on a quasi-natural experiment, namely national big data comprehensive pilot zones (NBD-CPZs), and employs a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model to identify the influence of big data on carbon emissions. The findings of this study are as follows. Overall, big data significantly reduces carbon emissions within the pilot zones. Mechanism analysis shows that big data reduces urban carbon emissions by promoting green innovation, optimizing energy structure, mitigating capital mismatch and improving public awareness of environmental protection. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the carbon reduction effect of big data are more pronounced in cities with high levels of digital economy, non-resource-based cities, cities with strong intellectual property rights protection and the Guizhou Province. Spatial effect analysis indicates that within a radius of 400–500 km, the NBD-CPZ increases urban carbon emissions, signifying a significant siphoning effect; within a radius of 500–900 km, the NBD-CPZ reduces urban carbon emissions, signifying a significant spillover effect, and beyond a distance of 900 km, the spatial effect of the NBD-CPZ is not significant. Based on the above conclusions, this study puts forward several policy recommendations to effectively exert the carbon emission reduction effect of big data.

Innovative processes: economic and legal problems of realization, management and regulation

Problem setting. The scientific work is devoted to researching issues of regulation of innovation processes to achieve and increase the efficiency of innovation activity. In Ukraine, the strategy for the development of the sphere of innovative activity for the period until 2030 is aimed at increasing the use of innovations. A process approach was chosen to achieve the goals of the Strategy. However, it is necessary to generalize the problems using a systemic approach. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Since the middle of the 20th century. scientists have done a lot of work on defining the essence, structure and classifications of innovative processes, features of their management and regulation. A large number of works are devoted to the description, construction and improvement of innovative process models. In connection with the fact that the innovation process as an object of research is heterogeneous, in recent publications the critical rethinking of the theory and practice of management of innovation processes, increasing their efficiency, continues. Purpose of the research is the development of theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for structuring the economic and legal problems of management, implementation and regulation of innovation processes using a systemic approach to improve the state innovation policy and legal regulation of innovation activity. Article’s main body. The definition of the concept of the innovation process in the scientific literature and the international standard the Oslo Manual is considered. The Oslo Manual equates the innovation process with innovation activity. It has been specified that the management of innovative activities is an innovative process. To identify and strategically solve existing economic and legal problems of innovation processes, it is proposed to build a “black box” model according to the IDEF0 functional modeling standard. Models of innovation processes in the economy, at the enterprise, in clusters and ecosystems according to the IDEF0 standard have been developed. The economic and legal problems of innovation processes are structured by groups of problems of resources, executors, regulatory tools, international interaction, economic security of the state, collaboration, interaction of enterprises with the external environment, interaction of subjects in clusters and ecosystems, exercise of powers by authorities, protection of intellectual property rights, safety of innovations, performance and efficiency of innovative activities, informing about innovation processes, reporting of enterprises, reports of state regulators. An analysis of the completeness of the list of problems specified in the Strategy for the Development of the Sphere of Innovative Activity for the period up to 2030 was carried out. The directions for improving the state innovation policy and legal regulation of innovation activities in Ukraine are substantiated. Conclusions and prospects for development. The analysis of the Strategy for the Development of the Sphere of Innovative Activity on the basis of structured groups of problems allowed us to draw a conclusion about the state’s nonsystemic innovation policy, which poses a threat to the sovereignty of Ukraine. To get out of the critical situation, the government should revise the existing Strategy, taking into account the priority of protecting national interests and the safety of innovative products and innovative technologies for consumers and society. Regardless of measures to improve the Strategy, changes should be made to the national legislation regarding the harmonization of conflicting norms, bringing basic concepts and classifications into compliance with international standards, eliminating duplication of powers of authorities and defining a single regulator. Further research will be aimed at the scientific search for effective legal regulation solutions aimed at achieving performance and efficiency implementation of innovative processes in the national economy.

Protection of intellectual property rights in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine

It is considered the formation of an economic-legal mechanism for the protection of intellectual property rights in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine and it is substantiated that this mechanism is a complex system in a broad sense, where there is a combination of integrated innovative activity of the state scientific and production structures of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine with the Ukrainian National Office of Intellectual Property and Innovations in the direction of protection of intellectual property rights, and also it has a basis of innovativeness (innovative-intellectual activity) taking into account the relevant principles and priorities. The effectiveness of the mechanism in the conditions of creating an innovative and intellectual environment in the field of defense with the cycle «science – technics – technology – production – defense» is determined as a targeted combination of highly qualified leading specialists and scientists in the appropriate organizational-functional and technical-technological production structure, which is aimed at innovative-intellectual activity and technical-technological entrepreneurship, where the economic component is taken into account – receiving remuneration during the commercialization of intellectual property rights objects in the form of profit, royalties, combined payment, which are intended to stimulate the subjects of right to protect intellectual property rights. Attention is focused on the activities of subjects that have violated intellectual property rights in the aspect of the directions of violations. These directions allow us to look for effective ways of countering such activities in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine. It is noted that the formation of an economic and legal mechanism for the protection of intellectual property rights in the sphere of national security and defense of Ukraine will contribute to effective countermeasures against violations of property rights of intellectual property in this important field of activity. Important criteria for the effectiveness of the protection of intellectual property rights are outlined, which are: the level of professionalism and personal responsibility of judges, the level of creative thinking and creativity of judges, the level of court independence, the level of software, organizational, personnel, legal and information support of the court apparatus. Arguably, the lack of appropriate legislative regulation and experience in the commercialization of military and defense technologies and equipment using IPPR is pointed out in Ukraine, creates opportunities for violations of property rights of intellectual property, which lead not only to the lack of effective protection of the rights of IPPR subjects, but also affect on the defense capability of the state. The economic and legal mechanism for the protection of intellectual property rights in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine is presented, which requires coordination of the efforts of all subjects authorized to protect and protect intellectual property. It is noted that the development of the sphere of intellectual property has a decisive influence on the state of national security, which is linked to organizational measures to neutralize internal sources of threats and protect against external threats to national security.

Comprehensive examination of intellectual property objects: problematic issues in the context of science and technology development

The article is devoted to the study of a number of problematic aspects related tocomprehensive examinations of intellectual property objects in the context of scienceand technology development.It is established that intellectual property objects created with the help of artificial intelligenceare characterized by a complex legal nature. Thus, a particular work may be entirelygenerated by an artificial intelligence system. In this regard, there is a need to appointcomprehensive examinations for their study in the course of consideration of themerits of cases on the protection of intellectual property rights, within which it will be necessaryto apply both knowledge in the field of intellectual property and technical knowledgerelated to the peculiarities of creating these works.The author identifies the need to adapt existing methods to new intellectual propertyobjects, as well as to develop modern research methods taking into account the specifics ofthe legal nature of such objects. Given the complex legal nature of intellectual property objectscreated with the use of artificial intelligence, the author proposes to appoint a comprehensiveexamination with the involvement of technical specialists.It is noted that a comprehensive examination of intellectual property involves a multi-levelstudy, which, however, forms an interdependent logical sequence of activities of individual experts.In this case, the key is the impossibility of establishing the properties of a particular intellectualproperty object without conducting a study by an expert of another specialization.It is noted that when an intellectual property object has a dualistic legal nature, thereis a need to integrate various areas of knowledge in the field of intellectual property. Despitethe fact that this knowledge relates to the field of intellectual property, such a studywill be complex in its procedural nature.It is summarized that various subtypes of intellectual property expertise may require technicalassistance to solve the tasks assigned to the expert, especially in the context of the developmentof digital technologies and their use for the creation of new intellectual property objects.

Does intellectual property rights protection help reduce carbon emissions?

Our study examines the relationship between intellectual property rights protection (IPRP) and carbon emissions (CE) using an unbalanced panel data set from 116 countries spanning 2008–2020. The analysis reveals a positive relationship between IPRP and CE. Mechanism tests and nonlinear analysis further elucidate this relationship. The mediation effect results indicated that IPRP indirectly fostered CE growth by inhibiting energy structure’s improvement, demonstrating that IPRP exacerbated the dependence on traditional high-carbon energy sources, hindering the transition to cleaner, more efficient energy systems. The analysis also revealed that IPRP indirectly promoted the increase of CE by promoting technological progress and economic growth. The moderation effect results suggest that political stability could mitigate the positive impact of IPRP on CE. Furthermore, the analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between IPRP and CE, indicating that while IPRP promotes an increase in CE in the initial stages, its intensification suppresses CE growth beyond a turning point. Hence, our study provides new theoretical and empirical evidence to understand the complex relationship between IPRP and CE. It also offers policy recommendations for effectively integrating global carbon reduction efforts with intellectual property policies.

Research on Overseas Aid Mechanisms for Intellectual Property Rights

In order to solve the dilemma of information asymmetry in the international market of intellectual property rights, China needs to improve the corresponding overseas intellectual property rights protection assistance mechanism. At the present stage, China's governmental assistance in domestic intellectual property rights protection is relatively comprehensive, but there is a lack of unified legal norms, incomplete assistance measures, and irrational establishment of assistance organizations in overseas intellectual property rights protection assistance. Combined with the practice of the United States and other countries, it is recommended to formulate unified laws and regulations on the protection of intellectual property rights overseas, set up additional measures of insurance premiums for the protection of intellectual property rights overseas, and establish overseas branches of assistance organizations to improve the assistance mechanism and provide help to domestic enterprises.

Analysis of Green Intellectual Property Issues and Countermeasures from the Perspective of International Law

As an advanced form of productivity driven by green technological innovation, there exists a natural fit and close connection between new quality productivity and green intellectual property rights. Legal protection is the cornerstone of the development of new productivity, in which the comprehensive protection of intellectual property rights is particularly crucial: green intellectual property rights, as a key force to adhere to sustainable development and promote scientific and technological progress and economic growth, has a central role to play in incentivizing environmental protection as the core of independent innovation, thus becoming an indispensable institutional guarantee for the development of new productivity. This institutional guarantee ensures the legitimate rights and interests of innovation achievements, and is a powerful driving force and a long-term solution for the continuous progress of productive forces. At present, the field of intellectual property cooperation is encountering diversified challenges and problems: the unilateralization caused by some developed countries, the rigidity of international rules on intellectual property, the stagnation behind the digital age, and the imbalance in the distribution of existing international benefits of intellectual property, which should be paid close attention to. In order to effectively promote green technological innovation and escort the green intellectual property protection system to a stable and far-reaching future, countries and enterprises should face the current challenges rationally, correctly understand the differences and conflicts between green intellectual property rights and ordinary intellectual property rights, gain a deeper understanding of the existing relevant international law foundations, and promptly solve the green intellectual property rights issues, improve the relevant international conventions and treaties, strengthen the coordination and cooperation of international organizations, and establish a fair and reasonable green technology patent protection mechanism. fair and reasonable patent protection mechanism for green technology. Only when countries join hands to improve the green intellectual property protection mechanism, jointly combat transnational infringement and maintain a fair market competition environment can the legitimate rights and interests of innovators be safeguarded.

The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Green Technology Innovation: New Evidence from China’s 278 Cities

ABSTRACT Foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a pivotal role in fostering economic development, and the FDI technology spillover effect is one of the core forces driving an open economy toward new green growth milestones. Evaluating the impact of FDI inflows on green innovation is essential for sustainable and environment-friendly city design. Based on the panel data of 278 cities in China from 2010–2019, we conducted an empirical analysis to test the impact and mechanisms of FDI on green technology innovation (GTI). The results demonstrate that FDI has a positive and highly significant effect on GTI. The channel analysis indicates that the FDI significantly stimulates urban GTI through two mechanisms: alleviating financing restraints and mitigating the risk of new GTI in the early stages. In the heterogeneity analysis, we find that the FDI effect is more pronounced in China’s resource-based regions with high levels of institutional and human capital and in regions with low-carbon pilot policies and good protection of intellectual property rights. Furthermore, the study shows FDI can affect GTI in neighboring areas through spatial spillover effects. Our findings underscore the importance of encouraging and sustaining internationalization in environmentally friendly sectors to foster green transformation. In essence, developing foreign investment policies and enhancing the green technology spillover effect of FDI are vital for strengthening GTI capacity.

Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in Civil Legislation: A Comparative Study Between French Civil Law and Iraqi Civil Law

This study deals with the protection of intellectual property rights in French and Iraqi civil law. This is because the literary and life creativity in Iraq is declining, it is difficult to invest money in new things, and the number of people who comply with the artificial laws made since 2003 is increasing, and secondly, another reason, people's ignorance of the existing laws in Iraq. Iraq, so it is necessary. In each legislation, legal mechanisms are used to promote media and life publishing and help people make money in the process of inventing literary and life works, which can be achieved by granting them a series of intellectual property rights that represent different privileges. From the fundamental rights of people, which are psychologically and morally valid at one or more points in time. This leads us to delve deeper into these rights, which have been incorporated into civil subjects since the creation of some of them through exchanges between authors and publishers or those who own innovative objects. This returns to the ownership model of the target company. In this way, we will mainly discuss the issue of intellectual property rights and carefully discuss the specific rights divided between the French Civil Code and the Civil Code, and then turn our attention to the two themes of law and incentives. The Civil Code collapses. This consists of comparing the independence of intellectual property rights, mainly regulated by French and Iraqi civil laws, and secondly with some provisions of the model.

International legal regulation of the conclusion of agreements on the transfer of technologies and the protection of intellectual property rights during the international transfer of technologies

The article is devoted to the study of international legal regulation of the conclusion of agreements on the transfer of technologies and the protection of intellectual property rights during the international transfer of technologies. The focus is on the activities of international state organizations of the UN system (there is studied the source base of the Body of the UN General Assembly – UNCTAD, the UN Economic Commission for Europe – UNECE, the UN Commission on International Trade Rights – UNCITRAL, special attention is paid to the activities in the development of various aspects of technology transfer of the World IntellectualProperty Organization – WIPO; the main aspects of technology transfer of the TRIPS Agreement of the World Trade Organization – WTO are being defined, as well as the ones of the documents of other international organizations in this field: the World Bank, the International Federation of Consulting Engineers – FIDIC, the European Development Fund. In particular, the author examines main principles and characteristic features of the key documents of these international organizations, as well as approaches to the regulation of certain aspects of technology transfer in international law, that have changed over time.