Protection Of Geological Environment Research Articles

Consideration on Legal Situation of Mine Ecological Restoration in China

Mine ecological restoration system is the guarantee of restoration practice and management. In the past half century, China's mining geological environment protection and restoration management system and land reclamation system have been established and continuously improved, but the current relevant legal system still has some defects, such as: no special legislation, implementations of ecological restoration settlement mechanism, two-in-one scheme compilation and reporting system, mining geological environment restoration t fund system are not smooth, and the binding force of legal responsibility is insufficient. In view of these problems, the revision of Mineral Resources Law, Regulations on Land Reclamation and Provisions on the Protection of the Geological Environment in Mines has become a practical necessity. In the revision, mine ecological restoration system can be constructed from the aspects of preparation and implementation supervision of mine ecological protection and restoration scheme, management of mine ecological restoration fund, ecological background investigation and monitoring, lifelong responsibility investigation, joint punishment and so on.

Quantitative prediction of the impact of deep extremely thick coal seam mining on groundwater

Reasonable exploitation and utilization of groundwater near coal mines in arid areas are of great significance to regional ecological and geological environment protection and sustainable mining of coal resources. It is a challenge to accurately predict the impact of deep coal mining on groundwater resources before mining. Adopting a coal mine in Inner Mongolia, China, as a case study, first, a well-fitted GA-BP neural network model was established to predict the height of the water-conducting fracture zone (WCFZ). The prediction results of WCFZ were verified by in-situ measured data of optical fiber and cable sensing systems. In Chinese coal mines, hydrogeological research generally lags behind geological exploration. Therefore, in the context of limited hydrogeological data, a variable weight model (VWM) for evaluating the potential groundwater yield of the objective aquifer (OAPGY) was established considering geological survey data before mining. Then, drilling pumping test data was used to verify the OAPGY predictions. Finally, groundwater resource protection measures were proposed according to the zoning results. The research results could provide a reference and basis for sustainable utilization of groundwater and reducing the impact of coal mining on groundwater resources.

In-situ testing for characterizing the landslide deposit in Jiuzhaigou cultural heritage site after the 2017 earthquake

The 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake caused numerous landslide masses in the Jiuzhaigou cultural heritage site, leading to frequent surface mass movements and affecting the hydrological landscape. This was the first time a strong earthquake hit the heritage site in China, making it an important area for ecological geological environment protection and restoration research. To understand the influence of slope runoff erosion on the activation of landslide accumulations, this study examined remote sensing images from 2017 to 2020 to investigate the geological disaster, while field scour tests were conducted to study the rainfall seepage, mass erosion, and migration.The results indicated that the steep-sloped landslide deposits in the heritage site contain a high content of fine grains and good permeability.

Research on a Space-Time Continuous Sensing System for Overburden Deformation and Failure during Coal Mining.

Underground coal mining can cause the deformation, failure, and collapse of the overlying rock mass of a coal seam. If the mining design, monitoring, early warning, or emergency disposal are improper, in that case, it can often lead to mining disasters such as roof falls, water inrush, surface collapse, and ground fissures, seriously threatening the safety of mine engineering and the geological environment protection in mining areas. To ensure the intrinsic security of the entire coal mining process, aspace-time continuous sensing system of overburden deformation and failure was developed, which breaks through the limitations of traditional monitoring methods that characterize the evolution process of overlying rock deformation and ground subsidence. This paper summarizes the classification of typical overburden deformation and failure modes. It researches the space-time continuous sensing of rock-soil mass above the coal seam based on Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS). A multi-range strain optical fiber sensing neural series from micron to meter was developed to achieve synchronous sensing of overburden separation, internal micro-cracks, and large rock mass deformation. The sensing cable-rock mass coupling test verified the reliability of the optical fiber monitoring data. The sensing neural network of overburden deformation was constructed using integrated optical fiber layout technology on the ground and underground. Different sensing nerves' performance and application effects in overburden deformation and failure monitoring were compared and analyzed with field monitoring examples. A physical model was used to carry out the experimental study on the overburden subsidence prediction during coal mining. The results showed that the optical fiber monitoring data were reliable and could be used to predict overburden subsidence. The reliability of the calculation model for overlying rock subsidence based on space-time continuous optical fiber sensing data was verified in the application of mining subsidence evaluation. A systematic review of the shortcomings of current overburden deformation observation technology during coal mining was conducted, and a space-time continuous sensing system for overburden deformation and failure was proposed. This system integrated sensing, transmission, processing, early warning, decision-making, and emergency response. Based on the fusion of multi-parameter sensing, multi-method transmission, multi-algorithm processing, and multi-threshold early warning, the system realized the real-time acquisition of space-time continuous information for the overburden above coal seams. This system utilizes long-term historical monitoring data from the research area for data mining and modeling, realizing the prediction and evaluation of the evolution process of overburden deformation as well as the potential for mining subsidence. This work provides a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of mining disasters and the environmental carrying capacity evaluation of coal development.

Landscape planning and design and visual evaluation for landscape protection of geological environment

As an important carrier of science education, ecological landscape development and regional ecological civilization construction, the quality of geological landscape resources has a direct impact on its landscape charm, and the protection of landscape resources is directly related to its sustainable development ability and regional ecological civilization construction. To avoid or reduce the negative impact of architecture on the environment, the development of architectural landscape based on the perspective of geology and ecology is the top priority of healthy and sustainable development. In this paper, the visual sensitivity of the landscape was assessed by GIS (Geographic Information System, GIS) software technology, by calculating and analyzing the relative slope of the terrain, and visualizing the results through visual sensitivity classification. Based on summarizing and analyzing the previous research results, this paper expounds the geological landscape system and resource system, and introduces the architectural landscape features of environmental landscape protection. Combined with the geological environment planning architectural landscape, the concept of architectural planning and landscape design is integrated, the architectural landscape based on geological environment protection is constructed, and the spatial organization and layout of buildings in the environmental landscape is planned. Finally, landscape visual sensitivity was evaluated based on GIS. The research results show that the architectural landscape and geological environment protected by geological environment landscape can be organically combined, and the landscape has strong visual attraction. The research results of this paper solve the conflict between architecture and geological ecology and provide scientific basis for environmental landscape protection of geological ecology. The composite score of visual sensitivity was obtained by GIS calculation. The most visually sensitive place ranked 25th, while the most visually sensitive place ranked 13th.

Research on geological environment protection and geological disasters control countermeasures in China

Geological disasters in mines, ecological environment and geology and geomorphology are closely bound up with each other. To reduce or avoid economic loss and to decrease the threat degree of geological disasters to life safety, the protection of geological environment are formulated in this study. Specifically, this includes taking mines that are dominated by thin bedded carbonate as the research objects. The goals of this study include prevention and control of geological disasters and protection of geological environment. The data are based on characteristics of geological strata in mines collected by the exploration, and combined with the characteristics of geomorphic environment, relevant rules aiming at the prevention and control of geological disasters. Then, pursuant to the selection of indicators, an evaluation system is constructed to verify the effectiveness of measures and strategies proposed, in which the score value is converted into the corresponding level to test the implementation effect of the measures and strategies proposed. Through comparing the changes of the utility levels before and after the implementation of measures and strategies proposed, it can be seen that the geological disaster levels of the five mining areas in the study region are respectively improved from the non-ideal levels V, IV, V, V, IV to II, I, I, II, II, with the tailings pond leakage times less than 4 times and collapse volume less than 5m3. And, the levels of geological environment are upgraded from levels IV, IV, IV, V, V to ideal levels II, II, II, I, II, accomplished by the vegetation coverage rate of the mine reaching more than 35%, as well as the recovery rate of exploitation and utilization rate of tailings both exceeding 85%, which indicates that the protection strategy proposed in this paper has good practicality and feasibility.

Visualization Method for Porous Groundwater Seepage Flow Field Based on Particle Flow: Case of Yancheng City in the East Coast of China

Porous groundwater seepage flow field reflects the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of porous groundwater movement. The geometric point and vector line methods are the traditionally used visualization methods for groundwater seepage flow field; however, they exhibit difficulty in describing the characteristics and attributes of a seepage flow field. Therefore, a new particle flow method in the field of computer graphics is introduced in this study to visualize seepage flow field, including the storage conditions, transport mechanism, and seepage field properties of porous groundwater. This visualization method is discussed from four aspects: the generation of seed points, the life cycle of particles, the movement velocity of particles, and the formation of particle trajectory and smooth processing. The seepage field of confined aquifer III groundwater expressed via particle flow and the contour of critical groundwater level are superimposed and analyzed in Yancheng City in the east coast of China. Results show that particle flow can be effectively applied to the visualization of groundwater seepage flow field and provide spatial auxiliary decision-making support for the sustainable exploitation of groundwater and the formulation of geological environment protection measures.

Brief Discussion on Prevention and Control of Mine Geological Disasters and Protection of Geological Environment

Brief Discussion on Prevention and Control of Mine Geological Disasters and Protection of Geological Environment

Discussion on Prevention and Control of Mine Geological Disasters and Protection of Geological Environment

Discussion on Prevention and Control of Mine Geological Disasters and Protection of Geological Environment

Mine Geological Environment Protection and Restoration

Mine Geological Environment Protection and Restoration

Methods of Geological Environment Protection of Luoyang Zhengxingsu Coal Mine

Taking Luoyang Zhengxingsu coal mine as an example, according to the status quo of mine geological environment, the impact assessment of mine geological environment and the protection and management of mine geological environment are carried out. The study area covers the north, south and east of the mining area, with the predicted subsidence influence area extending 50m outwards. Other boundaries are consistent with the mining area, and the assessed area is 1.397km2.According to the mine geological disaster, aquifer, landform landscape and land resources, the mine geological environment is predicted and evaluated, and the mine geological environment control engineering design is put forward.

HISTORY OF THE DECADE OF GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE POPULARIZATION BY THE PUBLIC ORGANIZATION UKRAINIAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOLOGISTS

The article reveals the chronology of events lasting ten years from 2010 to 2020, which are devoted to the geological industry promotion. The Public Organization Ukrainian Association of Geologists fulfils its mission and supports scientific activities, promotes the professional consolidation of scientists and specialists working in geology and related fields; boosts the prestige of professions related to the exploration and use of mineral resources, the geological environment protection.

Analysis of Mine Geological Environment Protection and Governance

Analysis of Mine Geological Environment Protection and Governance

An efficient karst fracture seepage path construction algorithm based on a generalized disk model

The identification and reconstruction of karst fracture networks have always been an important and difficult research topic in the field of karst groundwater resources and geological environment protection. Based on the original surface fracture data obtained in Zhangfang, Fangshan district in southwest of Beijing, and the surface fracture records processed through the Kriging interpolation method, we propose a method for the construction of a flow path based on a disk model. We focus on identifying the flow path in a three-dimensional fracture structure and underground fracture data obtained by the Monte Carlo method. The flow path along the fracture generalized by the disk model is simulated using a directed graph data structure and is stored in an adjacency matrix. To meet the demands of fast intersection operation with large-scale fracture data and to improve the operating efficiency of a karst fracture simulation system, this paper first divides the study space into smaller blocks and then uses a three-dimensional R-tree index algorithm to reduce the time required to traverse each sampling point. Finally, based on the sampled surface fracture data from Zhangfang, this paper studies the distribution model for a three-dimensional fracture space with the assistance of a remote sensing geological survey, fine geological survey of key karst areas, and sampling analysis. The algorithm for building the path of karst fractures was also simulated. It provides a visualization analysis approach to study the karst development mechanism and numerical simulation of karst water fractures in Zhangfang.

安徽省矿山地质环境保护与治理主要指标研究

安徽省矿山地质环境保护与治理主要指标研究

The Instance Analysis of Mine Geological Environment Protection and Recovery Management

This article takes one of the mine in Caidian as an example, it analyzes the mine’s environmental geological problems and hazards, brings out the measures of recovery and management with the development and utilization, summarizes the environmental benefits of the management project. The project is a demonstration of the mine geological environment management in Wuhan. What’s more, it gives reference to similar mines’ geological environment protection and recovery management.

REGIONAL STRUCTURAL-LYTHOLOGICAL MODELING OF SEDIMENTARY COVER

The target of the communication is the presentation of methodology, methods, results obtained and real preconditions for realization of regional digital structural-lythological modeling of sedimentary cover, aimed at informatic supervision of all issues and kinds of geological activity, connected with variable use and protection of geological environment. Digital structural-lythological model is a computer reflection of a geological object, which includes it's structural and qualitative characteristics. The method has been tested on geological objects of regional, zonal and local scales, high levels of information and prognostic efficiency has been shown. Target oriented modeling is aimed at solution of concrete problems of geological environmental management (minerals use, use as an engineering medium, protection and remediation). The results achieved: obtaining of integrated complex digital structural-lythological models for sedimentary cover by regional principle in the state scale level. The program for the project realization is proposed.

TARGET ORIENTED EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR GEOLOGICAL OBJECTS

The target of the paper is a conceptual presentation of the problem for implementation into geological practice of target oriented expert systems (TOES) basing upon principles of geological objects complex modeling on the basis of modern computer technologies with a perspective of artificial intellect elements introducing. The methodological basis of TOES is represented with complex evaluation of geological medium, and a tool of this evaluation realization is expressed with complex model of the proper issue. The latter includes a structural-litho-logical model, as a basic, matrix one, and a number of subordinate models (hydrogeological, geomechanic, engineering-geological etc.), a set and content of the latter are defined with TOES direction (resources, underground construction, geological environment protection etc.). A scheme of TOES types and content is presented. The examples of target oriented structural-lithological models and complex models are demonstrated, the latter provide a basis for TOES concerning geological objects within the limits of salt, titanium-zirconium and gold-bearing formation types. A subsequent development of this directory comprises the expansion of experience for complex modeling experience, the foundation of knowledge bases, containing expert rules sets for data obtained processing and pertinent mathematic apparatus development, and finally - the development of completed expert systems.

Protection and Recovery Countermeasures for Mining Geologic Environment

Mining development greatly promotes the development of social economy, but also it caused great damage for the mine geological environment. It is urgent to protect and treat the mine geological environment. By analyzing the status of mine geological environment, comprehensive management principles and objectives, policies and laws, supervision and management in such aspects as Chinese mine geological environment protection and realize the sustainable development of mining the countermeasures and suggestions.

The regional distribution regularity of landslides and their effects on the environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China

On the basis of research and analysis of the landslide system of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, this paper systematically analyzes and studies the temporal–spatial distribution law of landslides of this reservoir area and their impacts on environment of this area. The paper puts forward that the temporal–spatial distribution of this area’s landslides is mainly controlled by lithologic characters of strata, geological structure, valley landscape, and types of bank slope structure; landslide deformation and failure have such characteristics as simultaneity, laggardness, cyclical instability, and stage. Besides, the paper systematically analyzes and studies the main impacts of landslide on environment and points out that landslides and collapses will bring about relatively serious impacts on relocation and layout of cities and towns along the banks. These impacts mainly include the increase of relocation investment, number of migrants, and compensation for losses. Much attention and evaluation should be paid to the impacts of Xintan Landslide and Lianziya Landslide—large landslides near the Dam—on the construction and safety of the Three Gorges Project. However, landslides have relatively small impacts on shipping and reservoir capacity. The above-mentioned research is of great guiding significance for the construction of the Three Georges Project, planning and construction of cities and towns along the banks, and protection of geological environment.