Civil Protection Research Articles

Studi Literatur tentang Peran Media Sosial dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Bela Negara di Kalangan Generasi Z

Social media is a relevant thing for Generation Z, who has interacted with technology since birth. Generation Z has an important role in maintaining and strengthening Indonesia’s democracy, one of which is through state defense actions carried on social media. Generation Z’s active participant, such as voicing opinions, following the democratic process and fighting threats that could damage democracy, is a real form of defending the country in a digital context. Even though social media has a big influence in spreading the message of defending the country, the challenge faced is how to benefit from the social media carefully and wisely to filter the correct information. This research aims to determine the role of social media in increasing awareness of defending the country among generation Z. This research uses a literature study approach. The results of this research shows that social media has significant potential in increasing the awareness of defending the country among the younger generation, especially generation Z.

Artisanal Fishing in the Lower Amazon Under Scrutiny: an Analysis Through the Climate Lens

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of the extreme hydrological drought of 2023 on artisanal fishing in the Lower Amazon Integration Region and its threats to the development of the Bioeconomy Plan for the state of Pará, and to understand how this production chain is vulnerable to the risks arising from climate variability and change. Theoretical Framework: In order to understand the vulnerability of artisanal fisheries to climate change, as well as to propose adaptive strategies, the Climate Lens tool was applied (OECD, 2009; Carvalho et al., 2021). Method: The methodology adopted included gathering climate data and information on artisanal fishing and the 2023 drought in reports from state and non-governmental agencies and technical opinions from municipal civil defense departments. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with directors of fishermen's colonies and officials from the municipal civil defense departments. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that, in vulnerable municipalities, without access to income, drinking water, food and facing social isolation, artisanal fishing has become impractical due to low water levels in rivers and lakes, resulting in an incalculable fish die-off. [synthesize the main results of the research]. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: Based on these results, adaptive measures are recommended that can be implemented in response to existing and/or potential climate impacts. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting solutions for the climate scenario experienced in the Lower Amazon Integration Region and for the implementation of the Bioeconomy Plan for the state of Pará.

ANALYSIS OF THE SECURITY SITUATION AND THE STATE OF THE UNDERGROUND ENVIRONMENT IN UKRAINE

Statement of the problem. The use of underground space for the protection of civilians, as well as an opportunity to ensure the safe location of small industrial facilities, is an urgent task today, given the martial law in the country. Objective. To investigate the use of the underground environment of Ukraine for the safety of the population, taking into account the consequences in terms of the number of civilian casualties during rocket attacks (according to open data of the United Nations) and to draw attention to the lack of safe places for civilians by analysing the individual risk in Ukraine. A risk map was developed based on the calculated data, indicating risk zones. Conclusions. Theoretically, based on the analysis of the historical development of underground construction in the world and in Ukraine, the article shows the wide attention to underground construction both for security and industrial purposes. The types of modern weapons and the consequences of their use are identified, and data on civilian casualties are analysed depending on the territorial affiliation, taking into account individual risk. Based on the analysis of open UN data (the number of deaths and injuries during the hostilities in Ukraine) and the calculations of the degree of danger risk, a map of danger risk zones by regions of Ukraine was developed, with the distribution of the risk level intensity into zones of extremely high risk, relatively medium, medium and relatively low risk.

Notaries’activities during the war: Ukrainian experience

During wartime, notaries face a number of complex legal and organisational challenges that require the adaptation of traditional procedures and approaches to the changed conditions of wartime. This study focuses on ensuring the availability of notarial protection during wartime and the need to develop a legal framework for a regulatory response to challenges that require new approaches and solutions.This article examines the issues of access to notarial services and preservation of confidentiality of documents during war and armed conflicts. In particular, the author examines the difficulties faced by notaries in preserving documents, as well as the security issues of the notary and his/her clients. The author analyses the practice of law enforcement and changes in the regulatory framework in the field of notary during the military operations in Ukraine. The author analyses the right of military personnel, rank-and-file and senior civil defence officers, employees of critical infrastructure facilities, civil servants, local self-government officials and police officers to a personal order under current Ukrainian legislation, which is an important tool for their social protection and support. This article focuses on the Ukrainian experience, but the knowledge gained in the course of the analysis may be useful for other countries facing similar problems. The study reflects the relevance and importance of the problem of ensuring the functioning of the notary during wartime and suggests ways to address these complex challenges.

On the issue of the influence of cooperative relations on the efficiency of the implementation of state defense orders

The subject of this study is the cooperation of participants in the implementation of the state defense order of the Russian Federation, which plays a key role in ensuring national security and technological development of the country. The study examined the theoretical foundations of cooperation in the implementation of the state defense order, analyzed the existing models of cooperation between participants in the state defense order. Using the mathematical apparatus, an assessment of the effectiveness of the management of the cooperation system was carried out using one of the cooperation models as an example. Conclusions were made regarding the conditions for the formation of stable and sustainablecooperation.

Civil protection and disaster medicine-Options for basic and advanced training

The current security situation, both in terms of domestic and foreign politics, continues to pose amajor challenge for Germany and it is therefore important to prepare the healthcare system for this. In the context of catastrophes based, e.g., on violence, terror, crisis or war, it will be unavoidable to have to treat alarge number of injured and wounded casualties. The need for surgical treatment will always play acentral role in this context, so that it is imperative that our hospitals and clinics are prepared in this respect. In addition to the general training content in aclinical context, there is aparticular need for content that addresses nonroutine aspects, such as gunshot and blast injuries and also provides organizational and strategic recommendations for action. The Academy of Trauma Surgery (AUC) of the German Society for Trauma Surgery is acentral and important partner for the German healthcare system and shows how such content, also based on structural advantages such as the TraumaNetworks DGU®, can be successfully communicated.

Reawakening of Voragine, the Oldest of Etna’s Summit Craters: Insights from a Recurrent Episodic Eruptive Behavior

Paroxysmal explosive activity at Etna volcano (Italy) has become quite frequent over the last three decades, raising concerns with the civil protection authorities due to its significant impact on the local population, infrastructures, viability and air traffic. Between 4 July and 15 August 2024, during the tourist season peak when the local population doubles, Etna volcano gave rise to a sequence of six paroxysmal explosive events from the summit crater named Voragine. This is the oldest and largest of Etna’s four summit craters and normally only produces degassing, with the previous explosive sequences occurring in December 2015 and May 2016. In this paper, we use thermal images recorded by the monitoring system maintained by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo (INGV–OE), and an automatic procedure previously tested in order to automatically define the eruptive parameters of the six lava fountain episodes. These data allowed us to infer the eruptive processes and gain some insights on the evolution of the explosive sequences that are useful for hazard assessment. Specifically, our results lead to the hypothesis that the Voragine shallow storage has a capacity of ~12–15 Mm3, which was not completely emptied with the last two paroxysmal events. It is thus possible that one or two additional explosive paroxysmal events could occur in the future. It is noteworthy that an additional paroxysmal episode occurred at Voragine on 10 November 2024, after the submission of this paper, thus confirming our hypothesis.

Introduction to the Symposium “The monusco Intervention Brigade at Ten” Ten Years of the monusco Intervention Brigade

Abstract This is an introduction on a special issue on ‘The monusco Intervention Brigade at Ten’. The special issue includes three articles that discuss the impact of ten years of practice of the monusco Intervention Brigade on peacekeeping in general and the protection of civilians in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in particular.

From policy to practice: How NATO joined forces with NGOs for the protection of civilians

North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO’s) active cooperation with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) on the protection of civilians (PoC) challenges the academic assumption that NATO’s decision-making structures are generally closed to civil society participation. What explains the decision of NATO officials to work with NGOs when developing a Policy for the PoC, and how did this cooperation take place? Combining insights from resource dependency and organisational learning theories, we explore whether and how concerns about public legitimacy and operational effectiveness can explain that NATO engaged with NGOs during its learning process on PoC. Methodologically, we combine data from 26 interviews with NATO officials and NGO representatives with a document analysis of 648 NATO publications. Our analysis shows that NATO’s collaboration with NGOs in the adoption of a PoC policy was very much a bottom-up process. Military commanders began engaging with NGOs on the ground during NATO’s International Security Assistance Force operation in Afghanistan (2001–2014). NGOs then gradually gained access to the formulation and institutionalisation of the PoC policy. While legitimacy concerns triggered NATO’s initial cooperation with NGOs, effectiveness concerns related to policy implementation facilitated stronger cooperation once the process was underway.

Challenges Identifying Domestic Violence in Chinese Judicial Practice: An Empirical Analysis of Personal Safety Protection Orders.

Domestic violence is a global social issue that not only poses a significant threat to the stability of families but also has a profound impact on the physical and mental well-being of family members. In China, due to the broad criteria for defining domestic violence in the Anti-domestic Violence Law, challenges have arisen in the practical handling of domestic violence cases. The study is based on 238 civil protection order rulings available on the China Judgments Online website for the year 2021. In China, the criteria for identifying domestic violence are not only still subject to theoretical debate, but contentious viewpoints have also translated into inconsistencies in judicial practice. This study aims to further assess the underlying reasons for the difficulties in identifying domestic violence in Chinese judicial practice and to propose recommendations for improvement.

Consideration and implementation of the elements of hospital mass casualty planning in the hospitals of the TraumaNetworks DGU® : An evaluation within the framework of the development process of the guidelines for clinical disaster medicine in Germany (LeiKliKatMeD) by the EKTC, NIS, AKUT, AUC

The protection and maintenance of hospital functionality and treatment capacity require preventative planning and preparation for amass casualty incident with respect to the scenarios, disasters or catastrophes to be expected. The hospital alarm and operations (KAEP) or stockpiling plan should include and organize the procedures and measures in the respective clinics and hospitals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hospitals of the Trauma Networks of the German Society for Trauma Surgery® (TNW DGU®) with respect to the established organizational structures and contents of the KAEP. In this study 622 hospitals from the TNW DGU® were surveyed to determine current treatment capacities depending on the principles and standards of care. This was done via the DGU Academy of Trauma Surgery (AUC) and an online-based survey with voluntary participation via aweb-based platform (SurveyMonkey Europe UC, Dublin, Ireland). The data presented here represent an excerpt of the overall data focused on the topic of this paper. Of the 622 certified clinics 252 (40%) took part in the survey in December 2022 and 250 data sets could be evaluated. LevelI,II,III trauma centers (LTZ, RTZ, ÜRTZ) took part in equal numbers. Of the participating clinics 90% have aKAEP that has been updated in the last 3 years. The manual of the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was known in two thirds of the clinics surveyed. Only 30% of the clinics adapted their own KAEP after it was published and only 40% exercised it in the last 3 years. Elements for the care of those affected and injured (psychosocial network, end-of-life care, care of relatives) were included in 25-44% of hospitals. Regardless of the certification, it became obvious that around 80% of the hospitals rely exclusively on one alarm procedure and only 20% use aredundant system with 2 or more notification procedures. The survey showed that more than 75% of the hospitals already have the option of selective or partial alerting. Depending on the triage category, the LTZs were able to initially admit an average of 2SKI and 4SKII patients. These capacities were almost doubled by the RTZ and tripled by the ÜTZ. The DGU Trauma Networks represent an essential part for the care in disaster and major disaster situations. The KAEP has been implemented in the majority of hospitals. Updating the KAEPs to current content, practicing and digital, selective and redundant systems for alerting represent achallenge. In addition, the harmonization of terms and organizational elements but also the establishment of care for relatives and the care and psychosocial emergency treatment (PSNV) have not yet been fully implemented. Ultimately, aKAEP must be implemented to make hospitals and the healthcare system more resilient to disasters and major disasters. It is important to support the hospitals and ensure that costs for exercises and training course formats are covered.

Government Collaboration in Enhancing National Defense

Security dynamics in the Southeast Asian region have increased, influenced by many factors, ranging from internal member states, regional situations, to security dynamics in the Asia Pacific region and beyond. This article will review the security conditions of the ASEAN region through a government collaboration literature study approach. As a result, the implementation of joint military exercises of ASEAN countries plays an important role in creating regional security. There are at least several benefits obtained: First, joint military exercises can improve state defense capabilities and regional security. Second, through joint exercises, the forces of ASEAN countries will be better prepared and able to respond to any threats that disrupt regional security and sovereignty. Third, joint military exercises provide a space for productive discussions and consultations to discuss the security situation of member states and the Southeast Asian region, resulting in a common formula in maintaining regional security. Fourth, joint military exercises can serve as a mediation platform for ASEAN countries in conflict with other ASEAN countries to find a constructive middle ground for regional security stability

Training for Emergencies - How Germany is Preparing for Large-Scale Emergencies Using the EUROMED 2024 Civil Protection Exercise as an Example

Abstract. Every year, numerous major events with thousands of participants take place around the world, for which extensive safety measures are taken to ensure the well-being and safety of visitors. Nevertheless, incidents that lead to injuries and deaths occur time and again. This year, Germany is looking forward to the UEFA EURO 2024, an international football championship for which the host country, Germany, has made extensive preparations on several levels. One component of this is the Medical Task Force (MTF) of the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK), which has trained a possible medical service deployment in the event of a mass casualty incident with a specially coordinated series of exercises. The extent to which current remote sensing data can make a useful contribution and be meaningfully integrated was analyzed during the large-scale EUROMED exercise with the help of an airborne camera system on board a helicopter. The system provided up-to-date aerial images of the exercise site, but was also used to record the traffic situation during the transfer of the vehicle convoys to the exercise site. In addition, state-of-the-art AI-based image analysis methods were tested on site and the results were provided and evaluated. An important operational exercise to bring science and practice together step by step in order to be better prepared for an emergency.

Administrative work program of de Educational Research and Teacher Training Center in Puebla

The Administrative Work Program at the Center for Educational Research and Teacher Training (CIEFD) was based on the approach of the administrative area to publicize the aspects covered by the environment and the daily operation of the Unit, since all of this is an essential part In order for the CIEFD to function correctly, it must also be verified that the work within the organization is carried out correctly and that each element fulfills its functions. Describe the different aspects of the administrative work program of the Center for Educational Research and Teacher Training in Puebla. Qualitative narrative study that describes each of the important administrative areas in the CIEFD: Financial Resources, Material Resources, Human Resources, Conservation and Maintenance, Civil Protection, Competitiveness Model and IT Coordination. Each administrative area of the CIEFD converges into an administrative program that is governed by its own regulations and it is the administrator's task to converge all these areas by coordinating all aspects of the workforce, directing and managing, as well as allocating the necessary resources (materials economic and human) to ensure that work flows can be effective and that the Center's goals and objectives are met. The administrative areas of the CIEFD are essential for the training of human resources, teaching and managerial professionalization.

Formation and Development of Professionally Important Qualities of Civil Defense Specialists at Higher Education Institutions

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation and development of professionally important qualities of civil defense specialists at higher education institutions. Different approaches to the definition of the concept of «professionally important qualities» are analyzed, according to which the concept is considered as biologically determined (physiological, psychological, innate abilities and inclinations), individual and psychological properties of a personality as a specialist as well as personal properties formed and developed in the process of training and professional activities. The author considers some classifications of professionally important qualities of a civil defense specialist. For any type of professional activity, such professionally important qualities as discipline, responsibility, accuracy, attentiveness, observation, sensitivity, punctuality, restraint, ingenuity, ability to self-control and professional self-assessment of one's own states and actions, purposefulness, developed visual and figurative memory and analytical thinking are relevant. Risky professions require physical endurance, coordination of movements, dexterity, ability to tolerate heavy physical loads and high temperatures, determination and courage, mental and emotional stability, risk-taking, ability to switch, distribute, concentrate and hold attention, react quickly to the situation and make independent decisions and act in extreme conditions, a sense of duty, etc. The following groups of professionally important qualities for civil defense specialists are identified and substantiated: psychophysiological, intellectual, emotional and volitional, moral and ethical, managerial and communicative. The possibilities of their formation and development in the process of cadets' professional training at a higher education institution are considered.

Human Rights Violations: The Entry Point for International Troops into Papua

This research explores human rights violations in Papua, focusing on the feasibility of international troop deployment as an intervention strategy against a backdrop of severe abuses such as extrajudicial killings and arbitrary arrests documented by organizations such as Amnesty International. The study aims to assess the potential role of international troops in safeguarding human rights and maintaining peace, using a qualitative methodology to analyze secondary data from human rights organizations and governmental sources to identify trends and challenges. The main contributions include highlighting gaps in existing interventions, proposing a conceptual framework for international troop deployment that considers legal, political, and ethical dimensions, and contextualizing issues of state sovereignty and regional diplomacy within the ASEAN framework. Specific findings indicate that while international troop deployment could enhance civilian protection and accountability, it faces significant barriers, including legal constraints related to international law, political resistance from local authorities and neighboring states, and ethical concerns such as the risk of escalating violence and undermining local governance. The study concludes by suggesting a balanced approach emphasizing dialogue, sustainable development, and cooperation within ASEAN to address human rights issues in Papua effectively.

Aktualisasi Nilai Bela Negara Mahasiswa Asrama Bela Negara UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur

Defending the country is the right, duty, and responsibility of the people to protect and guarantee the sovereignty of the country based on the people's love for life and the country. The form of defending the country that can be carried out by the younger generation is by carrying out the basic values ​​of defending the country which include love of the country, awareness of the nation and state, believing in Pancasila as the state ideology, being willing to make sacrifices and having the initial ability to defend the country so that by having this attitude it will become a person. a nation with national knowledge and love of the homeland. UPN "Veteran" East Java has a dormitory based on national defense to support the process of forming national defense character in its female students. This research aims to measure the actualization of national defense values ​​for students at the UPN "Veteran" East Java State defense dormitory. The method used is descriptive quantitative. Data collection techniques in this research are questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The sample this study 133 students at the UPN "Veteran" East Java State Defense Dormitory. The data analysis techniques for this research are descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability testing, and validity testing using SPSS For Windows Release 23. The results of this research are that the 5 national defense values ​​have relatively high category results so they have a big influence on the actualization of students' national defense values. UPN "Veteran" East Java state defense dormitory.

The Force Intervention Brigade in the drc, Civilian Security and Women Peace and Security

Abstract This article examines the UN Security Council (unsc) authorised Force Intervention Brigade (fib) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (drc) and the component of the mandate that articulates civilian security as a rationale for justified force. In examining civilian protection (articulated as both civilian security and as the protection of civilians), we explore the parallels between the women, peace and security agenda and the image – versus the reality – of civilian vulnerability in the drc. In focusing on the narratives of civilian security we explore how the ten years of repeat authorisations for the fib replicate heteronormative and colonial tropes that have ultimately undermined security in the drc and, for international lawyers, undermine peacekeeping principles, authorisations of force, and understandings of consent. The contradictions between the Security Council’s commitments to addressing and preventing conflict-related sexual violence and the mobilisation of the fib are drawn on to demonstrate the ways in which gender simultaneously strengthens the Council’s legitimacy and yet produces few spaces of significant change from a feminist perspective. We conclude that not only is the legacy of the fib detrimental to women’s security in the drc given reports of sexual exploitation and abuse (sea) perpetrated by peacekeepers but that the fib has transformed peacekeeping away from peace, embedding militarised responses to a complex humanitarian crisis.

Smart management of emergencies in the agricultural, forestry, and animal production domain: Tackling evolving risks in the climate change era

The agricultural, forestry, and animal production domain (AFA domain) plays an essential role in meeting global needs and supporting livelihoods while facing escalating challenges from climate change-induced impacts and extreme natural events. This perspective advocates for urgent strategies to enhance resilience through effective emergency management and prevention measures tailored to this critical domain. The analysis here exposed, which includes elements of ontology and the conceptual approach of an emergency management system encompassing both restoration and prevention aspects, entails three case studies across the AFA domain. Each case study, described by location, timing, nature, and consequences, critically evaluates the implemented risk prevention measures, details the emergency and recovery actions, and highlights shortcomings in response efforts. The analysis, incorporating a retrospective comparative component based on the proposed conceptual model, highlights the importance of identifying lessons learned and potential future applications. It emphasizes the urgent need for a well-structured emergency management strategy that integrates risk mapping and advanced technology to ensure timely and effective responses. The active engagement of domain professionals (agronomists, foresters, animal production doctors) and scholars of AFA domain sciences, as either farm owners or technical advisors, is crucial to optimize intervention strategies. This engagement is especially important for enhancing resilience during recovery phases, aligning with the best international practices such as making use of local knowledge and citizen engagement strategies. Comprehensive training initiatives, also adopting innovative formats and tools including micro-credentials, e-learning platforms, and the applications of generative Artificial Intelligence for learning assistance, as well as new research insights are strategic for coordinated and effective emergency responses across all stakeholders. Collaboration between the different production systems and areas of expertise, raising awareness of the distinction between Civil Protection and Production Protection and fostering their close interconnection, is essential for effective emergency response and long-term resilience.

The Mother's Day Geomagnetic Storm on 10 May 2024: Aurora Observations and Low Latitude Space Weather Effects in Mexico

AbstractOn 10 May 2024, a severe geomagnetic storm coinciding with Mother's Day in Mexico lasted over 40 hr and produced polar auroras observable at low latitudes. This storm, the most intense since 2003, resulted from a series of solar flares and coronal mass ejections from active region 3664. The event was significant for space weather studies in Mexico, marking a milestone by enabling comprehensive measurements of its effects. The Mexico Space Weather Service (SCIESMEX) and the National Space Weather Laboratory (LANCE) had prepared for such an event since their inception. LANCE's instrument networks recorded solar chromospheric images, solar radio bursts, geomagnetic variations, Schumann resonances, ionospheric disturbances, and energetic particle flows. They also monitored Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in three strategic substations of the national electrical system. This provided unprecedented insights into the dynamics of severe space weather events at the North‐American low‐latitude environment. Citizen science efforts documented auroras and regional responses, capturing variations in geomagnetic indices, ionospheric disturbances, cosmic ray fluxes, GICs, and technological impacts. SCIESMEX worked with the National Civil Protection System (SINAPROC) to issue warnings, ensuring public awareness and preparedness. This coordination underscores the importance of effective communication and collaboration in mitigating impacts. The May 2024 geomagnetic storm demonstrated the critical role of preparedness, research, and public education in reducing the effects of future space weather events in Mexico.