Protection In Emergency Situations Research Articles

Analyzing professional motivation in students mastering the profession of rescue technician

Relevance. The profession of rescuer is currently one of the most demanded due to increased number and severity of emergency and disaster consequences. Professional success is preconditioned by comprehensive knowledge, solid skills, strong motivation and awareness of essential professional prerequisites.The objective is to analyze the study motivation in college students mastering the program “Protection in emergency situations” across different years of study, with a focus on academic achievements.Methods. Study motivation was assessed using the method developed by Tatyana I. Ilyina among the 2nd to 4th year college students; students’ academic performance was analyzed as well.Results. The assessment of motivation showed that students are actively and persistently striving to master their professional abilities and skills throughout the studies. Motivation was high among students of the 2nd year (74.7 %), the 3rd year (66.3%), and the 4th year (67.1 %). However, some students apply efforts in their studies in order to obtain a formal degree. In some cases, for example, no statistically reliable correlation was revealed between academic achievements and motivation to acquire knowledge, while showing positive correlations between motivation to master a profession and obtaining a degree.Conclusion. Improvements in students’ professional motivation throughout their studies is a prerequisite for successful academic performance, allowing to nurture motivated and committed professionals in general.

Разработка нового рабочего алгоритма для повышения эффективности удаленной защиты в сетях распределенной генерации

Recent studies focus on the development of energy supply systems when applying the principles of distributed generation. They consist in the organization of energy supply from several energy sources, different in types and characteristics (photovoltaic cells, wind power plants, microturbine plants, diesel power plants). The purpose of such events is to bring energy facilities closer to consumers, reduce the loss of generated electricity, and reduce dependence on the fossil fuels. However, with all the advantages, distributed generation is associated with the number of technical problems. One of them is the complexity of relay protection systems due to the influence of additional electrical power from the distributed generation units. This requires the development of new algorithms and protection schemes to ensure selectivity and increase the sensitivity of relay protection. The article is devoted to the creation of a distance protection algorithm in the distributed generation systems. The integrated approach was applied, including the scientific analysis, processing, as well as the study of the results of theoretical and experimental research in the field of relay protection. The developed set of measures for the protection of distribution networks was analyzed. The results of the work done can be used when considering the influence of the parameters of protected connections in the operating conditions of the electrical complexes in a network with the distributed generation on the efficiency of distance protection. The conclusions presented by the authors allow to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of distance protection in emergency situations.

The use of modern technical means of border protection in emergency situations

The article describes the current state of territorial (structural) divisions of the Border Service of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the issues of equipping with technical means of conducting radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance and remote control in the conditions of man-made emergencies in the border area for the protection and protection of the State Border and elimination of consequences. The main tasks of modern technical means of radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance and remote monitoring of the terrain in the conditions of man-made emergencies in the border space, which are necessary for the protection and protection of the State Border and the elimination of consequences, are disclosed. The characteristics of modern technical means of foreign countries for conducting radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance and remote monitoring of the terrain, which are currently necessary for territorial (structural) units of the Border Service of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of emergency situations of technogenic nature of the border space for the protection and protection of the State Border and elimination of consequences, are considered.

Protection of Citizens’ Health as the Main Element of Ensuring the Right to Life and Specifics of its Implementation in Emergencies

The paper is devoted to the study of individual legal problems related to implementation of the right to health protection and the peculiarities of its implementation in emergency situations. The author defines the constitutional consolidation of the mechanism of implementation of the right under consideration and some elements of sectoral implementation. The paper explains problematic theoretical, legal and organizational aspects. The author’s standing concerning the right to health protection is argued as the main element of ensuring the right to life — a complex, universal subjective constitutional right. The author proposes the powers of the right to life in a broader sense that form the basis for expanding the perception of the right to life from the private to the public. Human health legitimization is proposed as the basis for sustainable, unhindered human development and social well-being. Using the historical method of research, based on the achievements of the «School of Russian Constitutionalism», the conclusion is made about the specifics of implementation of the right to health protection and its protection in emergencies; attention is focused on the inadmissibility of ignoring individual human needs in the field of health protection in emergency situations.

Education in the Area of Human Protection in Emergency and Crisis Situations in the Context of Health Education in the Czech Republic

The present time brings a number of emergency and crisis situations, including floods, fires or Covid-19, the management of which requires the active involvement of citizens. Lower secondary education in the Czech Republic includes the subject of Health Education, in which this topic is addressed. Education of students in the area of lifestyle and health is included in Health Education and Home Economics, the latter being delivered in Slovenia. In terms of content, both courses are similar and can enrich each other by sharing valuable experience both in teaching students and in preparing future elementary school teachers. The objective of this paper is to present the concept of elementary education in human protection in emergency and crisis situations in the Czech Republic and the related concept of undergraduate teacher training. The research methods used were document review (of curricular documents and study plans) and questionnaire survey. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the curricular document governing elementary education in the Czech Republic (Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education), as well as the results of an analysis of a health education textbook focusing on the area of safety issues. The paper also presents the results of an analysis of the study plans of selected faculties of education in terms of human protection in emergency and crisis situations, as well as the results of a questionnaire survey focusing on the awareness of future teachers in the area of human protection in emergency situations. The results and main findings of the analysis of the curricular document suggest that the topics of the human protection in emergency situations should be strengthened in the context of Health Education (and throughout elementary education). The studies on teachers’ and future teachers’ awareness of human protection in emergency situations (including first aid) point to some shortcomings in undergraduate teacher training (for example, the optional course in first aid and human protection in emergency situations at the Faculty of Education, Masaryk University). Conclusions and recommendations for practice: the current revision of the Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education should allow the strengthening of emergency issues in Health Education. Based on the inquiry, the following is recommended: due attention should be paid to all emergency issues in the course of education; further teacher training in all emergency issues should be promoted; emergency issues in undergraduate teacher training should be integrated in the form of compulsory common base courses.

Improving Training in the Field Safety Management and Protection in Emergency Situations

The object of the research is the process of creating distance learning courses on the program of professional retraining in the field of technosphere safety. The subject of research should be considered professional retraining in the field of technosphere safety. In the process of research, the main forms of public education in the field of natural and man-made emergency situations were reviewed and presented. Learning using modern technology, i.e. distance education. As a result of research on the basis of the Higher School of Technospheric Safety of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, he developed a distance learning course, which is a set of activities aimed at finding information on the Internet, communication, teacher training, access to databases, periodic analysis. information publications distributed over the Internet. Developed programs for EMERCOM employees of Russia, employees of federal fire services, employees of the ATC ROSATOM, employees of the “Training and Methodological and Operational Character”, search and rescue services, as well as representatives of the armed forces and emergency situations, etc.

Protection of population and water retention developments

This paper deals with the issue of preventive civil protection from emergency incidents in water structures. The first part of the work focuses on the methods of water retention development and its use. Then follows the presentation of current status in the Czech Republic and the world regarding hydro plants. In the last part of this paper the Procedure for Estimating Loss of Life Caused by Dam Failure according to DSO-99-06, used in the USA with parameters of Whaley Dam, is described. The other part deals with possible issues of civil protection in emergency situations in dams.

Разработка предложений по модернизации легкосбрасываемых оконных конструкций при их использовании на взрывоопасных объектах

This paper studies methods for building protection in emergency situations caused by explosions. One of the directions in developing protecting measures consists in the use of easily detachable structures. The primary function of such structures is to provide reduction in overpressure during an explosion. Easily detachable structures used in the heat and power sector have significant drawbacks, mainly heat loss due to their low power efficiency. Today, easily detachable structures, in which the nodes of attachment are destroyed upon emergency, are used there by allowing the entire structure to detach. Such structures can be reassembled after the incident. The authors propose to use an easily detachable window structure consisting of an aluminium window block with hinges at the top. If the room pressure exceeds 0.72 kPa, the entire structure will not detach, but the swing door will open. Several technical solutions are proposed, based on the possibility of its operation after an emergency situation associated with an increase in pressure inside the premises to ensure the proposed operability of the easily detachable structure. The proposed structural elements can be used to avoid the destruction of easily detachable structures in an explosion upon minimal production costs incurred for returning them to a serviceable condition. Easily detachable structures are considered as a means of protecting explosive premises at fuel and energy complex facilities. The analysis of easily detachable structures currently in operation, which do not always meet modern requirements for the thermal insulation of premises, was carried out. Their main advantage is their availability during construction and installation works and the possibility of their reassembling after an explosion incident in the premises.

Изменения характеристик кремниевых фотоэлектрических преобразователей солнечных батарей после токовых перегрузок

Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of the influence of current overloads and local overheating on the degradation of the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic components of solar arrays. First of all, it is connected with the tasks of increasing the reliability and durability of the operation of such renewable sources of electrical energy. Such studies are of particular interest due to the recent emergence of new methods and devices for improving the reliability of solar arrays by isolating inactive (defective or shaded) areas of their photovoltaic components (photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic modules). This paper presents the research results on the influence of current overloads on the current-voltage and volt-watt characteristics and the electrical parameters of photovoltaic cells of solar arrays based on monocrystalline silicon. The testing was performed using the cyclic current overload mode, which is the flow of electric breakdown current passed through the back-turned diode of a photovoltaic cell for several seconds. After that, the photovoltaic cell was cooled to room temperature, and then its current-voltage and volt-watt characteristics were measured. The degradation (decrease) of all the basic electrical parameters of photovoltaic cells (open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, filling factor of the current-voltage characteristic, and maximum power) has been established. The additive nature of the changes and the average relative decrease of the indicated electrical parameters for one breakdown cycle are determined. Comparison of the response time range of the PolySwitch fuses with the breakdown durations of photovoltaic cells is performed. The conclusion is drawn about the prospect of using such resettable fuses as protection in emergency situations that are associated with current overloads in solar arrays.

The value of laboratory monitoring of dangerous infectious diseases in the aspect of anti-epidemic protection in emergency situations of biological character

The most important direction in the system of anti-epidemic protection of the population and military personnelfrom dangerous infectious and natural focal diseases is epidemiological monitoring with the obligatory use of laboratory methods of detection of pathogens and their markers. On separate territories of placement of the military units which are a part of the southern military district, there are centers of natural and focal infections of dangerous infectious diseases (plague, tularemia, cholera). The article presents the results of laboratory studies during epidemiological monitoring of natural focal and dangerous infectious diseases, which can be used by the military medical service as an information basis for decision-making on the organization of anti-epidemic protection of troops in the event of emergency situations of biological and social nature in these areas.

FORMATION OF UNIVERSAL COMPETENCES OF STUDENTS BY MEANS OF THE DISCIPLINE «HEALTH AND SAFETY»

In connection with the deterioration of the health of the population, the negative demographic situation, frequent emergencies in Russia and around the world, etc., the discipline health and safety was introduced in all Russian universities. The modernization of modern education, which has been taking place in recent years in the country, is accompanied by a change in the standards of education. In the first generation FSES, health and safety was to form the competence possession of the basic methods of protection of production personnel and the population from the possible consequences of accidents, catastrophes, natural disasters. According to the FSES 3 + bachelors program was to establish general cultural competence OK-9 Ability to use first aid techniques, methods of protection in emergency situations. New FSES in 3++ expand the goals and objectives of the discipline. As a result of the development of health and safety should be formed universal competence of the UK-8 Able to create and maintain safe living conditions, including in case of emergencies. Thus, there was a need for the formation of young peoples motivation for a culture of safe life. The conscious need of society for safe behavior in everyday life, educational institution, at work, rest, allowing to preserve, strengthen their health, improve the quality of their lives and the lives of their loved ones, should become a vital need of every person.To form a universal competence of the future graduate of the University in solving real problems arising in life, we use a variety of interactive teaching methods: analysis of situational problems, game modeling, thematic debates, brainstorming. The use of various methodological techniques aimed at activating the cognitive and activity functions of the individual, contributes to the actualization of its value orientations, self-development and successful socialization in society, and ultimately, forms students culture of safe life.

Integrated safety system for workers and traffic in railway transport

The safety and stability of the transportation process in railway transport is provided by a set of various measures. However, violations, incidents and accidents continue to occur, causing significant damage to workers, infrastructure, natural environment, and population. The relevance of the study is determined by the need of finding ways to prevent this damage and reduce the socio-economic and environmental costs. The purpose of the study is the development of an integrated safety system for traffic and workers in railway transport. A set of theoretical and experimental research methods has been applied: physical, simulation and computer modeling; statistics, theory of probability and others. The main result of the development is a complex system of interrelated units: “Sphere of activity”; “Qualification of personnel”; “The required level of work”; “Rating of danger”; “Optimization and technical and economic assessment of company costs”. Requirements for an information management system were developed for the holding company “Russian Railways”. This system allows personal accounting of the qualifications of employees (over 900 thousand) in the main areas of activity: ensuring traffic safety; occupational safety and health; transport, industrial, fire and electrical safety; protection in emergency situations. The project of the normative and technical document regulating the corresponding changes is substantiated. On the basis of theoretically processed experimental material, the expected development efficiency was established: 8-10%.

Spatial aspects of demographic processes in Serbia

Changes in the trends, distribution and structures of the population identified through censuses (such as the changes in total population, gender, educational, age and other structures) are crucial for understanding spatial phenomena and processes like urbanization. Numerous urban geography studies researching the development of systems of settlements in former Yugoslavia, which carried on in Serbia, were the foundation for a singular theoretical and methodological framework for researching spatial phenomena and processes focused precisely on the understanding of dynamic changes in the structures of the population and their territorial manifestation. Other than in scientific research, this approach found direct application in spatial and urban planning, when defining the measures directing demographic development, arrangement of urban functions, formation of a system of settlements, planning infrastructure development, etc. More recently, this theoretical and methodological framework was enhanced using GIS technologies, which allow for the integration of spatial and statistical data and provide for a powerful analytical tool. Data integration has spurred new research on the correlation between demographic and spatial phenomena and the mutual relationships and influences between spatial and demographic development. This paper presents an overview of existing research on the mutual influence between population development trends and spatial changes manifest through the fluctuations in the intensity of built-up areas, population density, infrastructure development, etc. A model of population distribution was created by using selected census statistical data and correlating them with phenomena in actual geospace. Emphasis is placed on the significance of using this and similar models in further research on the population?s impact on the environment, directing economic development, protection in emergency situations, and numerous other areas.

A Role of Education System in Creation of Safety Culture

The human factor is one of the main causes of accidents, violations of safety requirements in management and design solutions, the operation of dangerous objects. Low safety culture, way of thinking and behavior is often caused by the fact that man himself is the source of danger.This paper represents the analysis of specific industrial failures. The role of human factors in the causes of their occurrence is described. It is shown that the value of culture in general in the post-industrial society is extremely high. Culture is able to harmonize the interests of people and the technosphere, while the culture of safety is a general tool for such harmonization. Safety culture is formed in the process of education and depends largely on the level of competence of employees and management at various levels of competence in security related subjects.The paper studies the concepts of the basis for safety education, which is formed from synergetic principles and techniques of interdisciplinary training. The grounds of the security education are civilizational changes, changes of cultural values, scientific and educational paradigms; humanistic, pedagogical, national, pragmatic, conceptual, and terminological base, the content of which is disclosed and justified. The general and particular features of human factors and safety culture in Russia, the former Soviet Union, the Eastern European States and Western European countries are discussed.The creation of human-friendly environment is the major task for engineering. The experience of training process organization in the field of security in Russia and CIS countries is described. A successfully implemented study programme is described, that aims training and formation of security competencies. Also, presented the system of organization of educational process, feed-back system and the results of implementation of the education model in the field of security in Russia. The system of training in the field of industrial and environmental safety, occupational safety and protection in emergency situations.

Psychology and pedagogical conditions necessary for improvement of process of vocational training of experts in protection in emergency situations in higher education institution, with use of activity of students in voluntary fire brigades

Д.Д. Дальский, И.А. Афанасьева, Э.В. Науменко // Ученые записки университета имени П.Ф. Лесгафта. – 2013. – № 2 (96). – С. 36-40. 3. Зверев, В.Д. Оперативный контроль функционального состояния пауэрлифтеров / В.Д. Зверев, Э.В. Науменко, Д.Д. Дальский // Ученые записки университета имени П.Ф. Лесгафта – 2012. – № 5 (87). – С. 42-46. 4. Физиологический пауэрлифтинг : монография / под ред. В.А. Таймазова, А.А. Хадарцева. – Тула : ООО «Тульский полиграфист», 2013. – 119 с.

Pedagogical model of adaptation of experts in protection in emergency situations to professional activity in higher education institution

Pedagogical model of adaptation of experts in protection in emergency situations to professional activity in higher education institution

Requirements made to professional readiness of the experts in protection in emergency situations

Requirements made to professional readiness of the experts in protection in emergency situations

Pedagogical model of vocational training of experts of voluntary fire brigades of higher education institution on protection in emergency situations

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Maintaining competence in radiological protection in emergency situations: a challenge for the 21st century.

State-of-the-art radiological protection in emergency situations requires specific technical resources, qualified personnel and competence in a variety of scientific and technical areas. In many developed countries a high technical standard is available currently in these areas. There are, however, strong indicators that future expertise is at risk. The indicators are declining university enrolment, dilution of university course content and high retirement expectations of staff members, with little or no replacement planned. This paper describes the underlying problem and makes recommendations for an action plan that includes both short-term actions and a long-term strategy to minimise the emerging risks. A strategic approach will be required to stop the decline and to avoid a drop in competence to an unacceptable level.