Protected Forest Areas Research Articles

Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity and ecosystem services in protected and non-protected oak forest areas can inform climate smart conservation

Adaptive governance of areas set aside for future protection of biodiversity, sustainable production, and recreation requires knowledge about whether and how effects of area protection are modulated by climate change and redistribution of species. To investigate this, we compare biodiversity of plants (assessed using vegetation plots) and arthropods (collected with Malaise traps, analyzed using metabarcoding) and productivity (tree growth, determined using dendrochronology) in protected and non-protected oak (Quercus spp.) forests along a latitudinal gradient (55.6 °N – 60.8 °N) in Sweden. We also compare historical, recent and projected future climate in the region. In contrast to established global latitudinal diversity gradients, species richness of plants and arthropods increased northwards, possibly reflecting recent climate-induced community redistributions, but neither was higher in protected than in non-protected areas, nor associated with contemporary ground temperature. Species composition of arthropods also did not differ between protected and non-protected areas. Arthropod biomass increased with latitude, suggesting that the magnitude of cascading effects mediated via their roles as pollinators, herbivores, and prey for other trophic levels, varies geographically and will change with a moving climate. Annual growth rate of oaks (an ecosystem service in the form of biomass increase and carbon sequestration) was independent of latitude and did not differ between protected and non-protected areas. Our findings question the efficacy of contemporary designation and management of protected oak forests, and emphasize that development and implementation of modified climate smart conservation strategies is needed to safeguard ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, and recreational values of protected forest areas against future challenges.

Evaluasi Implementasi Hukum Pidana terhadap Kasus Kejahatan Lingkungan di Kawasan Hutan Lindung: Studi Kualitatif-Etnografis

Protected forests play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity and mitigating climate change. However, these areas face increasing threats from illegal activities, such as logging and land encroachment, which compromise environmental stability and result in significant economic losses. This study evaluates the implementation of criminal law in addressing environmental crimes within Indonesia's protected forest areas, focusing on the effectiveness and challenges encountered in enforcement. A qualitative ethnographic approach was employed, involving direct observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with local communities, law enforcement officials, and other stakeholders. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of law enforcement is hindered by several key factors: economic dependency on illegal activities, limited capacity and resources of law enforcement agencies, and external pressures from vested interests. Additionally, the lack of public awareness and inconsistent legal implementation exacerbate these challenges. Despite existing regulations, enforcement remains insufficient to deter environmental crimes or provide lasting protection for critical ecosystems. This study contributes to the understanding of the socio-economic and cultural dynamics that influence the effectiveness of environmental law enforcement. It underscores the need for a holistic strategy that integrates legal, economic, and community-based approaches. Recommendations include strengthening the capacity of law enforcement agencies, fostering public awareness through educational programs, and involving local communities and traditional leaders in collaborative conservation efforts. By addressing these gaps, the research provides actionable insights to enhance the preservation of protected forests in Indonesia and supports the development of more sustainable and inclusive environmental policies

Assessing Conflicts in Forest Management Among Different User Groups: A Case Study of Mwekera Forest Reserve

Conflict resolution is a vital component of effective forest resource management, attracting the attention of various stakeholders in many protected forest areas in Zambia. Challenges in achieving peaceful resolutions, disputes over land control, over-exploitation of forests for charcoal production, and agricultural expansion have led to the shrinkage of forest areas. Effective conflict resolution strategies, institutional arrangements, and a thorough understanding of conflict sources are essential for maintaining healthy forests, fostering a peaceful society, and combating the impacts of climate change. While several researchers have studied conflict management in some protected areas across the country, few studies have focused specifically on conflict resolution and management in Mwekera Forest Reserve. This study aimed to understand conflicts in forest management among different user groups. A random sampling technique was employed, with one of the five communities in the area—Mabote—randomly selected for the study. Data was collected using a structured survey questionnaire, which included questions on the socio-demographic status of respondents, causes of conflicts, institutional arrangements in conflict management, and control measures in practice. Additionally, in-depth interviews with key informants were conducted to gather data not captured by the questionnaires. A total of 70 respondents from Mabote community participated in this study. The findings indicated that nearly half (46%) of respondents identified equitable benefit-sharing as crucial for conflict management in the forest reserve. This was followed by equal access to forest areas and products (28.4%), stakeholder engagement and participation (14.3%), and enhanced forest monitoring (9.2%). A smaller portion of respondents (2.1%) pointed to the need for improving laws and policies. The results suggest that current conflict management practices in the forest reserve are insufficient (46%) to ensure effective forest management, despite the increasing sources of conflict and forest degradation. The Forest Department emerged as the primary stakeholder in Mwekera Forest Reserve’s management, exercising total control, which has led to the exclusion of local communities from accessing the forest and its resources. Therefore, effective conflict resolution measures are essential to enable equitable resource access, sustainable forest management, and conflict mitigation in the reserve.

Growth Increase of Gelam (Melaleuca Leucadendron) Burnt Peatland Through the Provision of Soil Conditioner (Study in Londerang Peat Protection Forest)

The protected forest of Londerang Jambi is an area of hydrological unity with a surface area of 12.484 ha that is located in the district of Tanjung Timur and Muaro Jambi, which is surrounded by palm plantations and forest of industrial crops and 10 villages in the Districts of Tanjung Jabung Timur and Jambi. Based on the results of the Landsat 8 OLI image analysis and the SPOT 7 image interpretation by WWF Indonesia in 2015 that the Londerang Forest Protection Area (HLG) has an area of 12.848 Ha, currently the steep vegetation cover that canopies closely on the HLG Londerang remains only less than 10% of the area of HLG londerang due to forest fires in 2015. An attempt to overcome the situation has been made, one of them in the HLG Londerang being made an of the Hydrological Union of Mendahara-Sungai Batanghari which has been intervened by the Badan Restorasi Gambut (BRG). This effort was also carried out by the KIFC (Korea Indonesia Forest Center) by revegetating the blocks of land that had been burned in HLG Londerang. The planting has been carried out from the beginning of 2022 to December 2022. The species of plants planted among them are Pulai Rawa (Alstonia scholaris), Balangeran (Shorea balangeran), Gelam (Melaleuca leucadendron). In order to support the success of the revegetation, intensive maintenance is required, including the provision of soil fertilizers such as dolomite and NPK fertilizer. The research was conducted for seven months from May to December 2023 at HLG Londerang. Measuring fields are made with group random designs (RAK). The clustering is based on the difference in the height of the groundwater surface

Nilai Ekonomi Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung Blok Kawae KH. Maria/RTK 25 BKPH Maria Donggomasa Dinas LHK Provinsi NTB

One part of the Sari watershed, which was a strategic area for Bima City, was the Kawae Block protected forest area. This forest area acted as a catchment area for the Bima City Region and supports the lives of the people of Wawo, Bima Regency and its surroundings. In the last decade, the Kawae Block protected forest area has come under pressure from vulnerability in several ways, especially pressure from destruction due to illegal logging and encroachment on forest areas for farming of seasonal crops (corn). The aim of this research were to analyze the factors that directly cause damage and the economic value of damage as well as the economic value of potential natural resources in the Kawae Block Protected Forest Area. This research was conducted in the Kawae KH Block Protected Forest Area. Maria/RTK 25 BKPH Maria Donggomasa Provincial LHK Service. NTB with an area of 1,500 hectares. The sample used was 210 respondents. The variables used in this research were the price value of NTFPs and the price value of water to calculate the value of direct benefits of forest areas, ecological benefits, flood control and carbon emission reduction/carbon credits to calculate the value of indirect benefits of areas and the value of biodiversity to calculate the value of selected benefits. Data analysis was carried out for regional economic valuation using the total economic value valuation method (Total Economic Value). The research resulted in the factors that directly cause damage to the area; they were land burning, encroachment on areas for agricultural land for seasonal crops/corn, excessive community management, rosewood theft/illegal logging and opening of farming roads. Meanwhile, the total economic value of the HL Kawae Block area was IDR. 61,135,306,500,-. The economic value resulting from sustainable forest management is much more profitable than the results of cultivating seasonal crops (especially corn).

Critical Land Mapping of Protected Forest Areas in Sukamakmur District, Bogor Regency

Sukamakmur District is one of the areas in Bogor Regency where disasters often occur related to critical land conditions. This situation is often associated with changes in land cover as population growth continues. This research aims to identify and map critical land using a geographic information system (GIS) in Sukamakmur District. The method used is tumpeng stacking analysis with classification, scoring and weighting. There are 4 classes of critical land in Sukamakmur District, the largest percentage of low potentially critical land is 14,008 ha (82.32%). Then followed by slightly critical land with an area of 2,777.5 ha (16.32%), critical land with an area of 215.5 ha (1.27%), and very critical land with an area of only 16 ha (0.09%) of total area. This indicates that critical land for protected forests in Sukamakmur District is still relatively low.

Composition and Diversity of Avifauna Species in the Angke-Kapuk Protected Forest Area, North Jakarta

Composition and Diversity of Avifauna Species in the Angke-Kapuk Protected Forest Area, North Jakarta

Obligation to Approve the Use of Forest Areas for Mining Business Actors Operating in Protected Forest Areas (Case Study of PT Nickel Indonesia)

Obligation to Approve the Use of Forest Areas for Mining Business Actors Operating in Protected Forest Areas (Case Study of PT Nickel Indonesia)

Rules and Local Traditions: Forest Conservation by the Indigenous People in North Luwu Regency

Sassa Village is one of the villages closest to the forest area, and it has a relationship between the community and the forest. Around the Sassa protected forest are local communities, namely the To Limola indigenous people, in Sassa hamlet and Makumpa hamlet. The indigenous people of To Limola still uphold the beliefs of customs that are still strong. The main objective of this study is to identify the form of local wisdom of the To Limola indigenous people in the use of timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). The method used is Snowball Sampling, whose informant data includes the To Limola Indigenous people who live around the Sassa Protected Forest area, especially in Sassa Hamlet and Makumpa Hamlet. The respondents consisted of 20 people. The community's local wisdom consists of norms, customary laws, and punishments for managing forest resources, and the To Limola customary institution's structure comprises the gathered data. The native inhabitants of To Limola are fully aware of the need to preserve and safeguard forest regions, particularly those that are indigenous and protected. Using wood forest products for fuel and medicinal purposes is one way. In addition, the community manages and uses non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which include fruit, honey, bamboo, rattan, palm, and turmeric. The indigenous To Limola people also follow customs about social institutions while using forest resources. Examples of these customs include prohibiting burning wasps in forested areas, cutting down bamboo shoots, and gathering bamboo shoots in forested areas designated as protected forests. Limola traditional leaders are very strict about local cultural values because there are many traditional norms regarding conservation obligations in maintaining the forest. These rules are mandatory and must never be violated within the custom scope. For the Limola indigenous people, forests have a vital role in life. If the forest continues to be protected, it will not damage people's lives, but the forest will serve its contents well for human needs.

Conservation among oil palm plantations? Mammalian diversity in protected forest areas of a mixed-use landscape in Indonesian Borneo

Conservation among oil palm plantations? Mammalian diversity in protected forest areas of a mixed-use landscape in Indonesian Borneo

Pengelolaan Permukiman Pesisir dan di Atas Air Berkelanjutan di Desa Teluk Sunting, Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

Coastal settlements are highly vulnerable because they are greatly affected by global climate change. Population growth will further increase the use of unorganized built space in the coastal area of Teluk Sunting Village which in the future could lead to conflict as a result of regulations and policies regarding coastal areas. This research was conducted in the coastal residential area of Teluk Sunting Village, Central Siantan District, Anambas Islands Regency. The research method consists of data collection techniques, sampling techniques, data requirements, data presentation, analysis methods and data analysis techniques. The results obtained are that the administrative area of Teluk Sunting Village contains cultivation and protected areas according to the RTRW Spatial Pattern Plan. The area is 5.29 Ha of mangrove ecosystem area and 34.83 Ha of protected forest area. Area of 19.22 Ha cultivation area. The environmental quality results obtained in RT 1 settlements are low quality settlements, RT 3 is medium quality settlements and RT 2 and RT 4 settlements are high quality settlements. The conclusions obtained from the four approaches taken to identify land use patterns, namely land use patterns, land use and use with land tenure, conformity with the RTRW and conformity with the zoning of Aquatic Tourism Parks, are in accordance with the designation. The involvement of stakeholders in the management of coastal and water areas in Teluk Sunting Village is very appropriate to support and ensure the sustainability of the area in the future.

Inventory of Macroscopic Fungi in Protected Forest Areas Malaka District Chartery

Mushrooms are eukaryotic organisms with spores, without chlorophyll that reproduce sexually and asexually, mushrooms can be used by humans as food ingredients and ingredients for traditional and modern medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and habitat characteristic of macroscopic fungi conducted in the kateri procted forest area Malaka Regency. Using exploration and identification methods where the plant identification process is a process of matching a plant according to a particular taxonomi on each research transect line. There are 28 species of macroscopic fungi namely Dacrymyces stilatus, Auricularia auricula-judae, Xylaria hypoxylon, Daldinia concentrica, Microporus xanthopus, Earliella scabrosa, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Polyporus alveolaris, Lentinus squarrosulus, Hexagonia tenuis, Trametes pubescens, Tyromyces chioneus, Marasmius oreades, Marasmius haematocephalus, Baespora myosura, Marasmius rotula, Marasmius andorsaceus, Trogia infundibiliformis, Leucocoprinus brebissonii, Lepiota helveola. Agaricus micromegathus, Bolbitius vitelinus, Mycena albicocapilaris, Crepidotus variabilis, Parasola plicatilis, Coprinopsis fragilisimus, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Pleurotus djamor. Divided into 5 Orders namely Dacrymycetales, Auriculariales, Xylariales, Polyporales, Agaricales. And 12 family namely Dacrymycetaceae, Auriculariaceae, Xylariaceae, Polyporaceae, Marasmiaceae, Agaricaceae, Bolbitiaceae, Mycenaceae, Crepidotaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Pleurotaceae. The most abundant habitat Characteristics were on rotten wood branches as many 9 species, on dead wood stem many as 8 species, in leaf little many as 4 species and in soil with hums many as 7 species.

Inventarisasi tumbuhan mangrove di Hutan Lindung Tanjung Prapat Muda, Kecamatan Batu Ampar, Kalimantan Barat

Each mangrove ecosystem is diversed which constituted of different vegetations. This also apply for the mangrove area in the Tanjung Prapat Muda Protected Forest, Tanjung Harapan Village, Batu Ampar District. A study of an inventory of mangrove plants was carried out to identify species make up the Tanjung Prapat Muda Protected Forest area. Data collection is conducted alongside the lanes which created by applying the combination of transect and grid lines (transect-plots design). There are 3 lanes with each line consist of 10 plots placed in a zig-zag (right-left) manner. Each plot had sub-plots of different sizes starting from the levels of seedlings (2×2 m), saplings (5×5 m), poles (10×10 m), and trees (20×20 m). Identification was carried out in the field and laboratory. Any unidentified species in the field is documented as herbarium to help identification in the laboratory later. The results shows that there are 7 mangrove species. Five of them are major mangroves (true mangroves), 1 is minor mangrove, and the other 1 are classified as associated mangroves. All the 7 species of plants are belong to 3 families: the Rhizophoraceae, Pteridaceae, and Moraceae families. Five species belong to Rhizophoraceae, namely Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, and Ceriops tagal. The Pteridaceae family consists of one species, namely Acrostichum speciosum, while the Moraceae family only consists of one species, namely Ficus retusa.

Evaluation of the Success of Planting in the Rehabilitation of a Watershed Area in Sei Lesan Protected Forest, Indonesia

The high level of community activity in using river watershed land has resulted in the exploitation of land around the watershed which has resulted in a decline in soil quality and caused land degradation along the river flow, therefore areas along the river flow require land reclamation so that the natural balance around the watershed is maintained. Reclamation is an activity that aims to repair or organize the use of land that has been disturbed as a result of inappropriate environmental processing business activities so that it can function and be efficient according to its intended purpose. The research aim is to evaluate the level of success of planting in the rehabilitation process of PT Berau Coal in the Lesan River Protected Forest. The research was carried out in the Sei Lesan Protected Forest Area in the Segah Watershed, Kelay Sub Watershed in Kelay District, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia from July to August 2022. This research used systematic sampling with the random start method, namely plot measurement, The first measuring plot is created randomly and subsequent measuring plots are created systematically with a sampling intensity of at least 5%. The results of the research show that the level of plant growth in watershed rehabilitation activities at PT Berau Coal Watershed Rehabilitation was declared successful with a plant survival percentage value of 78.24%, and the planting results in the PT Berau Coal Block C watershed rehabilitation area were very good with a percentage of healthy plants of 76.08%.

Merawat “Hutan Kehidupan” Berbasis Budaya Keagamaan Moderat

The Battang Protected Forest Area is the source of life for the surrounding community. Therefore, it is essential to preserve and care for forests based on moderate religious culture as a form of implementation of worship to God. This research and community service activity uses the Community Based Research (CBR) model—data collection using FGD, Mapping, and Interview. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis of the Miles and Huberman model. The findings show that the community knows various characteristics of forests in Battang. However, some communities consider the forest in Battang a customary forest. From the assistance based on cultural and religious values, the community can recognize human relations with forests that have existed for generations, such as how to cultivate agriculture and find places to settle. This service research implies that the community realizes the importance of caring for forests that stick to customs and religion.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN OBAT DAN PEMANFAATANYA DI KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG SALAHUTU

This research aims to inventory the diversity of plant species used as medicine by the people of the Mount Salahutu Protected Forest area; study the traditional knowledge of the community in the use and preservation of medicinal plants. The research method for plant data is inventory of plant types and ethnobotany to obtain plant collections, which are determined randomly (purposive random sampling). Next, the plant data obtained from interviews with the community was then ground checked. The results of the research found a diversity of types of medicinal plants at the location, 37 types of plants were recorded which were used by the local community as medicinal herbs. Plant types consist of 27 families. The Arecaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Moraceae families are the families that have the most types of medicinal plants. The types of medicinal plants used as medicine are parts of the fruit, leaves, stems, bark and wood as well as whole plants by pounding and boiling (not using flowers).

Revisiting the success of co‐management in forest protected areas of Bangladesh: Untangling the interplay of power, participation, and community empowerment

AbstractThis narrative review critically assesses the implementation and purported success of co‐management in forest management in Bangladesh. Co‐management has gained global popularity, celebrated for its participatory approach to natural resource conflict resolution, yet critiqued for potential design flaws, susceptibility to elite capture, and perpetuating power imbalances in predominantly top‐down management cultures. Despite two decades of application and reports of positive outcomes in managing forest protected areas of Bangladesh, concerns persist regarding the authenticity of its success and sustainability, particularly in terms of power dynamics and effective community participation in decision‐making processes. The review delves into these aspects, revealing instances where successes might be superficial, overlooking the underlying issues of power disparity among stakeholders. It highlights the crucial role of enhancing social capital within co‐management frameworks to foster institutionalization and sustainability. Recommendations include advancing robust collaboration and communication, alongside the adoption of adaptive management practices to navigate the complex interplay of natural, social, and institutional challenges.

ANALYSIS OF FLOOD VULNERABILITY LEVELS IN LANDAK REGENCY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

Law No. 24/2007 defines a disaster as a series of events that threaten and disrupt people's lives caused by natural, non-natural, and human factors, resulting in loss of life, environmental damage, and property loss. Landak Regency is one of the areas in West Kalimantan that is often flooded. Floods in Landak Regency impact people's lives, so they must be minimized. One of the efforts to minimize flooding is by mapping flood vulnerability. Flood vulnerability mapping is one of the early mitigations that utilize technological developments.This article presents the research results that aim to map the level of flood vulnerability in Landak Regency. The mapping was carried out using ArcGIS 10.8 software, and the data used are rainfall data, land use maps, slope, soil type, and land cover.The analysis shows the runoff coefficient rose from 0.16 in 2012 to 0.19 in 2021 due to land use changes converting forests and agriculture to settlements, impacting drainage. Flood vulnerability mapping identified highly vulnerable areas covering 21.41% of Landak Regency, focused near Ngabang, Sebangki, and Mandor, particularly along rivers. Vulnerability in Ngabang District decreased due to upstream spatial control policies, which established it as a protected forest area under regulations. Flood vulnerability assessment against Landak Regency's RTRW revealed flood-prone areas covering 490,097.51 Ha (60.77%), dominated by plantations (303,947.52 Ha), production forests (73,610.58 Ha), and agriculture (47,259.98 Ha). These results highlight the necessity of comprehensive spatial planning to effectively manage flood risks and protect Landak Regency's environment and communities.

Pengaruh Kebijakan Penggunaan Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan Lindung Untuk Pertambangan Di Kabupaten Morowali

Indonesia, with its wealth of forest resources (SDH) and mineral resources including gold, silver, copper, oil, natural gas, and coal, faces challenges in managing excessive exploitation. Although coal mining significantly contributes to the economy, this activity has resulted in serious environmental impacts, especially in protected forest areas. The Indonesian government has issued various policies to control the use of forest areas by banning mining activities in protected forests. However, conflicts of interest between the mining and forestry sectors still frequently occur, particularly regarding the utilization of mineral and coal resources. There have been numerous conflicts over land rights affecting 4.4 million hectares in the last 30 years, involving disputes between Mining Jurisdiction Areas (WHP) and the forestry sector. In addressing these conflicts of interest, the government has restricted mining permits in the protected forest area of Morowali Regency. Several regulations, such as Forestry Law No. 41 of 1999, Government Regulation No. 71 of 2014 on the Protection and Management of Protected Forest Ecosystems, and Presidential Instruction No. 6 of 2017, provide a strong legal basis for prohibiting mining in protected forest areas. Nevertheless, the government faces limitations in monitoring and enforcing reclamation regulations in Morowali Regency. Some mining companies fail to properly conduct post-mining reclamation, resulting in negative impacts on the environment and surrounding communities. To address these limitations, efforts are needed to strengthen human resource capacity, allocate adequate budgets, foster cross-sectoral cooperation, utilize technology, involve community participation, and impose strict sanctions. Supervision of mining activities in Morowali Regency is carried out by the central government, provincial authorities, and local governments, involving law enforcement agencies. The government also develops an integrated information system to monitor mining activities in protected forest areas. Efforts to rehabilitate and restore degraded protected forests include tree replanting, maintenance, and economic training for communities. Thus, enhancing coordination between the mining and forestry sectors through synergy between the central and local governments, involving civil society and non-governmental organizations, is essential. The strict enforcement of reclamation regulations and awareness campaigns for mining companies can help ensure compliance with principles of sustainable resource management. In the context of economic development, the Indonesian government must continue to improve efforts to manage forest and mining resources. Synergy among related sectors, optimization of supervision, and environmental sustainability and community welfare should be the primary focus to achieve sustainable development.

Community perceptions of the importance of land use types in Bukit Barisan Forest Park area

The Bukit Barisan Forest Park (Tahura Bukit Barisan) is a protected forest area located in North Sumatra Province. It has enormous biodiversity potential in both flora and fauna. The dependence of local communities on forests and forest products from it is very high. This study aimed to find out the community perception of the importance of forest and land use and to know kinds of natural resources existed in Bukit Barisan Forest Park area, especially in Doulu Village, Brastagi Subdistrict and Jaranguda Village, Merdeka Subdistrict, Karo Regency. Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment (MLA) method, a combination between Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) was used in this research. The results showed, the first is that “village” is the most important of land use types (for men and women) who has score 31.5 points (men) and 33.6 points (women). Villages are the first most important land use type because they are the economic, cultural, educational and social centres. Furthermore, forests are the second most important land type because they provide a place for people to obtain their daily needs by hunting, collecting non-timber forest products, and farming. Forests also maintain a water flow and support environmental sustainability.