Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are well-known medications commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes management and pharmacologic management of obesity. While GLP-1 RAs have many positive effects on glycemic control and cardiovascular health, the secondary effect of weight loss can present a challenge in maintaining optimal prosthesis fitting and functionality among individuals with prosthetic limbs. More specifically, weight loss can lead to decreased muscle mass and volume of the residual limb, resulting in loosening of the prosthesis. In turn, individuals often require more frequent prosthetic adjustments to ensure their safety and comfort while using the prosthetic device. Herein, we describe 3 cases of semaglutide use in patients with prosthetic limbs who subsequently presented with a variety of complications, including skin breakdown, disproportionate residual limb volume loss, decreased prosthetic use, and increased residual limb pain. Such "Ozempic limbs" have not yet been reported in the literature. These observations suggest that further research in GLP-1 RA selection is required for persons with amputation, as well as increased patient education regarding the unique complications.

Computational Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Agglutinin-Like Protein 3 (Als3) and β-Glucan Synthase in Denture-Associated Candidiasis.

ABSTRACT Upper‐limb amputation disrupts natural somatosensory pathways and impairs motor control, increasing reliance on visual feedback during prosthesis operation and reducing intuitiveness and embodiment. Although haptic feedback can improve controllability, most commercial myoelectric prostheses still lack effective closed‐loop feedback. Here, we present a flexible Bidirectional Haptic Feedback System (BHFS) integrating triboelectric multidimensional tactile sensing with multichannel transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES). The customized Triboelectric Flexible Tactile Sensor (TFT‐Sensor), featuring a strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 )‐modified triboelectric layer with a pyramid microstructure, achieves a 75% increase in open‐circuit voltage compared to the baseline, enabling zero‐power sensing of pressure, shear force, and surface texture. A flexible electrode armband driven by a multichannel electrical stimulator delivers spatiotemporally encoded electrical patterns through closed‐loop mapping algorithms, providing intuitive multidimensional somatosensory feedback. In simulated prosthetic‐hand experiments under audiovisual deprivation, subjects successfully adjusted grip force in real time, maintained stable grasping, and distinguished different surface textures. By establishing a closed‐loop “sensing‐mapping‐stimulation” framework, the proposed system offers a promising strategy for restoring naturalistic somatosensation in prosthetic devices and advancing rehabilitation engineering and human–machine interfaces.

Developing sustainable bioelectronics that simultaneously integrate mechanical robustness, high conductivity, biocompatibility, and system-level functionality remains a fundamental challenge. Here, we report a Hofmeister-engineered, fully biobased hydrogel platform (GT2C20) that addresses these limitations through a synergistic dual physical cross-linking network. By combining citrate-induced chain compaction and continuous ionic transport pathways, this hydrogel achieves high tensile strength (0.73 MPa), large extensibility (272.5%), and high electrical conductivity (1.8 S m-1), overcoming intrinsic trade-offs in conventional gelatin-based systems. Building on these properties, GT2C20 enables an integrated multifunctional bioelectronic system. As a skin-conformal bioelectrode, it provides high-fidelity acquisition of electrophysiological signals (ECG, EEG, and EMG), achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio (24.3 dB for ECG) compared to commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes. When integrated with deep learning algorithms, the platform enables autonomous assessment of Brunnstrom stages for stroke rehabilitation with an accuracy of 97.31%, while a wireless telemedicine system supports remote diagnosis and personalized healthcare management. In parallel, the hydrogel functions as a highly stable strain sensor for real-time motion monitoring and precise gesture recognition, enabling intuitive control of prosthetic devices. Additionally, the hydrogel acts as a triboelectric nanogenerator electrode, yielding an open-circuit voltage of 72.1 V to power its own functions, while a microcontroller system supports wireless telemedicine and remote rehabilitation monitoring. This work presents an eco-friendly strategy for fabricating high-performance, biobased flexible electronics suited for health monitoring, telemedicine, and soft robotics.

In addition to the standard viability assessment, cardiac [18F]FDG PET/CT is used in cases of infection, inflammation, innervation, and infiltrative pathologies. Unlike for myocardial viability assessment, these conditions require a specific patient preparation protocol aimed at suppressing physiologic myocardial glucose uptake. Despite adequate patient preparation, various patterns of [18F]FDG uptake are noted in the myocardium, which correlate with the cardiac physiology as reflected by the clinical, echocardiographic, and anatomic findings. Surgical manipulation with implantation of various prosthetic devices for conditions such as congenital heart disease, valvular pathologies, conduction abnormalities, and ischemic heart diseases make diagnostic imaging challenging because of the complex anatomy and presence of highly attenuating material. The high sensitivity of [18F]FDG PET/CT to detect physiologic alterations-such as in cases of infection, inflammation, or infiltration, despite the altered anatomy or presence of highly attenuating material-makes [18F]FDG PET/CT an essential tool for early and accurate diagnosis. This illustrative communication aims to highlight the different patterns of [18F]FDG uptake in various pathophysiologic conditions of the heart and in infection of prosthetic cardiac devices.

Advances in upper limb prosthetics have expanded functional capabilities for individuals with trans-radial limb loss, yet compensatory movements remain common due to mobility limitations of current prosthetic devices. This study evaluated the functional performance of a quasi-passive prosthetic wrist with two degrees of freedom and adjustable compliance operating according to the Synchronous Hand-Wrist Operation principle (compliant during reaching and automatically stiffening at grasp onset), focusing on clinical function, compensatory strategies, cognitive workload and user experience. Six male prosthetic users (53 ± 13 years) completed two experimental sessions on consecutive days. Session one included familiarization and clinical evaluation using the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP). In session two, compensatory strategies were assessed during six standardized manual tasks using motion capture (Vicon, UK) and compared against age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Prosthetic users performed all procedures with the device in compliant-while-reaching (ON) and full-stiff modes (OFF) in randomized order. Clinical, spatio-temporal and kinematic outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models. Subjective evaluation included the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), System Usability Scale (SUS) and a custom questionnaire, assessing the overall experience with the device in its intended compliant operating mode. In the SHAP, the ON condition yielded significantly lower mean hand functionality scores than OFF (55.0 vs. 58.3, ~ 5% decrease; p = 0.034) and longer completion times in 4/26 items (+ 1.4s on average, + 18-44%; p < 0.05). Biomechanical analysis showed increased reaching phase duration in ON across all tasks, with minimal increases in total hand trajectory. Task-specific kinematic adaptations were evident: when wrist deviation during grasping occurred in ON, reduced compensations were observed at more proximal joints, bringing joint ranges of motion closer to healthy controls. Additional motor strategies were required, particularly in tasks involving surface interaction or complex hand-object alignment. Subjective evaluations indicated moderate cognitive workload (NASA-TLX: 48/100), above-average usability (SUS: 74/100) and overall positive acceptance. A multi-DoF quasi-passive prosthetic wrist can reduce proximal compensations, although introducing longer execution times and novel motor demands. Functional benefits are strongly task-dependent. These findings stress the importance of balancing added mechanical complexity with usability to optimize clinical outcomes and user satisfaction.

Prosthetic ankle-foot devices provide valuable assistance for individuals with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA) to effectively engage in daily living activities, although users often experience diminished walking performance such as increased metabolic cost, knee joint loading, and dynamic balance asymmetry due to the lack of torque control from commonly prescribed passive devices. Consequently, active powered prosthetic devices have been developed; however, it is unclear how to optimally tune them. The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal ankle torque profile of a powered ankle-foot prosthesis that improves walking performance for individuals with TTA. Specifically, we used a musculoskeletal simulation-based optimization framework to optimize a powered prosthesis torque profile while emulating group averaged kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs). We compared the metabolic cost, knee joint loading, sagittal plane dynamic balance symmetry, and torque profiles across the following simulated conditions: a passive prosthesis tracking individuals with TTA walking data, a powered prosthesis tracking able-bodied walking data, and a powered prosthesis that separately minimized metabolic cost, knee joint loading, and dynamic balance asymmetry. Distinct torque profiles emerged for each measure, but there was no clear trend in the positive prosthetic work performed, which suggests increased prosthetic work alone is insufficient to improve walking performance. Further analysis showed the prosthetic torque must be properly timed over the gait cycle to improve each measure. This study provides a framework for future work developing customized controllers for powered prostheses to improve various aspects of walking performance for individuals with TTA.

Partial hand amputations present significant reconstructive challenges because traditional reconstructive techniques and prosthetic devices often provide limited restoration of functional pinch and grip. The Starfish procedure is a novel reconstructive technique designed to optimize residual limb function and facilitate advanced prosthetic integration following complex partial hand amputation. A 30-year-old man sustained a traumatic partial hand amputation involving digits 2-5. Following initial wound stabilization and staged revision amputation, reconstruction was performed using regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces, full-thickness skin grafting, and the Starfish procedure. The intrinsic hand muscles were repositioned subcutaneously while preserving their neurovascular supply to create independent soft-tissue units suitable for myoelectric prosthetic control. The patient achieved successful wound healing without postoperative complications. At 1-year follow-up, he demonstrated functional recovery, including intuitive and independent digit control with a myoelectric prosthesis, return to light-duty work, and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Restoration of tripod pinch and improved functional hand use appeared to exceed outcomes typically achieved with conventional reconstructive or prosthetic approaches. The Starfish procedure represents a promising reconstructive option for select patients with complex partial hand amputations. By combining innovative surgical reconstruction, targeted prosthetic integration, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation, this technique may improve functional outcomes and expand the reconstructive armamentarium available for severe hand injuries.

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), limited access to adequate prosthetic care hinders the psycho-socio-motor development and educational progress of children and adolescents with upper limb differences. The suitability of current pediatric prosthetic solutions and the needs and expectations of children and adolescents with upper limb differences regarding upper limb prostheses (ULPs) remain understudied in LMICs. To examine and characterize the needs, expectations, and perceptions of Nigerian children and adolescents with upper limb differences regarding ULPs, assessing contextualized specifications for prosthetic development. This qualitative study was conducted from July 20 to July 23, 2024, in Lagos, Nigeria, among 25 children and adolescents with upper limb differences purposively selected from The IREDE Foundation prosthetic care program; recipients were aged 5 through 20 years who possessed at least 1 ULP. This study involved semistructured interviews and focus groups of Nigerian children and adolescents with upper limb differences. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis between August 2024 and May 2025. The needs and perceptions of children and adolescents with upper limb differences regarding ULPs. A total of 25 children and adolescents with upper limb differences (mean [SD] age, 13.5 [4.2] years; 15 male [60%]) enrolled in the study; 14 were interviewed, and 11 engaged in focus groups. The predominant cause of upper limb differences was traumatic amputations (16 [64%]), and the predominant level of upper limb differences was transhumeral (16 [64%]). Seven themes were identified from the interviews and focus groups. First, the children and adolescents with upper limb differences described the technical specifications of an ideal ULP by (1) highlighting the functionalities and task performance it should enable; (2) expressing their need for an active ULP and the characteristics of effective terminal devices; (3) specifying user-defined requirements for quality of prostheses components; (4) describing factors contributing to comfortable wear and use; and (5) explaining the necessity for anthropomorphism (shape and color) of ULP designs. Second, the psychosocial consequences of the conditions of the children and adolescents with upper limb differences and ULP use emerged: adverse repercussions (6) on self-concept and (7) in interactions with their social network, which were major factors in ULP acceptance. Overall, children and adolescents with upper limb differences expressed the need for an active, anthropomorphic, sturdy ULP, enabling them to actively engage with their peers. In this qualitative study, children and adolescents with upper limb differences expressed perceptions regarding their current ULP and described the requirements of prosthetic devices meeting the psychosocial and occupational needs within their socialcultural environment. Future studies could incorporate these findings into the development of environment-specific pediatric ULPs.

Background: Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing attention in prosthetics and orthotics (P&amp;O), yet real-world evidence on its clinical and operational value remains limited, particularly across both prosthetic and orthotic device classes within tertiary hospital practice. This study evaluated the comparative performance of AM in transtibial prosthetic sockets and ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) within Singapore’s public healthcare setting. Methods: Two comparative clinical evaluations were conducted. The transtibial socket component used a prospective two-period cross-over design across two P&amp;O departments in NHG Health hospitals, comparing digitally fabricated Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) sockets against conventionally laminated sockets. The AFO component compared posterior cut-out MJF AFOs against conventional polypropylene AFOs within a tertiary hospital P&amp;O service. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) and Socket Comfort Score (SCS) for sockets, and the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) for AFOs. Workflow time and cost outcomes were also examined. Results: No statistically significant differences were identified between 3D-printed and conventional transtibial sockets across PEQ domains or SCS measures. Of 15 participants contributing preference data, 9 preferred the 3D-printed socket. The digitally enabled socket workflow reduced technician time and total man-hours but increased total cost because of higher consumables costs. In the AFO cohort, overall QUEST scores did not differ significantly between the posterior cut-out MJF AFO and the conventional polypropylene AFO (mean 4.49 vs. 4.55; p = 0.432). Digital fabrication reduced clinician handling time from 60 to 27 min per device. A unilateral MJF AFO design was discontinued because of biomechanical insufficiency. Conclusions: AM demonstrated comparable short-term patient-reported outcomes to conventional fabrication in selected transtibial socket and AFO applications, although the study was not designed to prove clinical equivalence. Operational benefits were conditional and depended on workflow maturity, design suitability, and service context.

The standard 2-scan computed tomography (CT) for quantifying the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) of the left ventricle is limited by misregistration errors, particularly in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or cardiac implants such as prosthetic valves and/or cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). This study aimed to evaluate whether a single-scan virtual noncontrast (VNC) method using photon-counting CT (PCCT) improves the reproducibility of measurement compared with the standard subtraction method in these challenging patient populations. We retrospectively analyzed 59 patients undergoing PCCT, stratified into the following 3 groups: control (n=20), AF (n=20), and cardiac implants, including prosthetic valves and/or CIEDs (n=19). Myocardial ECV was quantified using both standard subtraction and VNC methods. Reproducibility was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and mean absolute error. In the cardiac implant group, the VNC method demonstrated a significantly lower interobserver mean absolute error compared with the standard subtraction method (1.66% vs. 2.54%, P=0.029). No significant differences were observed in the AF (1.35% vs. 1.54%, P=0.648) or control (1.39% vs. 1.68%, P=0.674) groups. The VNC method demonstrated good to excellent interobserver (all ICCs >0.89) and intraobserver (all ICCs >0.90) agreement. Intraobserver agreement was also excellent for both methods, with no significant difference between them. The PCCT-derived VNC method significantly improves interobserver reproducibility of ECV measurement in patients with cardiac devices, establishing it as a more reproducible technique for myocardial tissue characterization in this challenging population.

The use of 3-dimensional (3D) printing in the development of assistive adaptive devices (AADs) and prostheses has expanded rapidly, offering opportunities for patient-specific customization and iterative design. Despite this growth, there remains limited guidance on how 3D printing can be systematically integrated into routine clinical practice within a multidisciplinary rehabilitation framework. This case series presents a goal-oriented, multidisciplinary approach for the clinical implementation of 3D printing in the development of AAD and prostheses. Seven customized AAD or prosthetic devices were developed through collaboration between a rehabilitation physician, an occupational therapist, and a mechanical engineer. Device recommendation and design were guided by predefined patient-centered functional goals. Outcomes were evaluated using goal attainment scale, allowing individualized assessment relative to each patient's baseline function and intended device purpose. Across the 7 cases, the fabricated devices achieved their predefined functional goals to varying degrees, reflecting the heterogeneity of impairments and individual priorities. The application of goal attainment scale enabled structured outcome evaluation while preserving patient-centered goal individualization. This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a multidisciplinary, goal-oriented framework that integrates 3D printing into clinical rehabilitation practice, supporting the translation of patient needs into functional assistive and prosthetic solutions.

Anthropomorphic terminal device shape (shape) and prosthesis weight may affect key patient-centered outcomes. No studies have quantified these relationships or examined whether shape and weight affect body-powered and myoelectric prosthesis users differentially. Explore the associations between prosthesis weight, shape, and a variety of outcomes. Multisite observational study of 232 individuals with transradial and transhumeral amputation using upper limb prosthetic devices. Shape was classified as anthropomorphic (yes/no). Prosthesis weight was categorized as light (<1 kg), moderate (1-1.6 kg), and heavy (1.6+ kg). Primary outcomes included prosthesis satisfaction, hours of prosthesis use/day, self-reported disability, and health-related quality of life. Data were stratified by prosthesis type (body-powered (BP) and myoelectric) and bivariate comparisons examined outcomes by weight and shape. Separate multivariable linear and logistic regressions examined associations between shape and weight and outcomes, controlling for potential confounders. In BP users, after controlling for amputation level and other factors, heavy prostheses was associated with a 0.5 point decrease in TAPES satisfaction scores and greater odds of back (OR 25.7), neck (OR 6.4), residual limb (OR 4.2), and contralateral limb pain (OR 8.3) as compared with light prostheses. Anthropomorphic shape was associated with a 1.0 point decrease in TAPES satisfaction. In myoelectric device users, heavier weight was associated with greater odds of back pain (OR 9.9). Heavier prostheses are associated with negative outcomes and affect BP and myoelectric users differentially. Efforts to decrease prosthesis weight may improve satisfaction and decrease prevalence of painful conditions, particularly in body-powered prosthesis users.

Modalities of Vision Restoration in Optic Neuropathies and Retinal Disease

Prosthetics, exoskeletons, and rehabilitation devices that seamlessly respond to the user's motion intent are essential for improving the quality of life for individuals with physical disabilities. However, existing motion intent recognition systems based on Electromyography (EMG) often experience significant performance degradation over time and limb positions. To address this, this paper proposed a Hierarchical EMG-FMG Fusion (HEFF) framework that incorporates Force Myography (FMG) as a complementary modality to enhance robustness in long-term and multi-position motion intent recognition. The HEFF framework introduced three new strategies: (1) Complementary Pyramid Fusion, a neural network architecture that effectively integrates the complementary characteristics of EMG and FMG; (2) Position Compensation and Pairing, to increase the generalizability of the model by producing augmented training data mimicking the temporal and positional variability; and (3) Feedback-based Baseline Correction, to dynamically counteract FMG baseline drift. The robustness of the system was evaluated through 10 distinct motions performed in 3 different limb positions, retested after an interval of approximately 7 days. Notably, the training data were only collected in a single limb position on the first day. The real-time experiments with 15 subjects showed that the HEFF framework maintained 91.89% classification accuracy in the primary limb position and 85.39% across multiple unseen positions. According to offline analysis, HEFF improved classification accuracy by up to 34.99% across various limb positions compared to the conventional fusion method. These results highlight HEFF's robustness across various conditions, being well-suited for assistive technology applications.

Transcatheter structural heart interventions, including aortic, mitral and tricuspid valve replacement or repair, and patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, and left atrial appendage closure, have dramatically expanded over the past two decades, providing substantial improvements in both clinical outcomes and quality of life. These interventions are performed in a high-risk patient population, which is at risk for both thrombotic and bleeding complications. The introduction of prosthetic devices into the arterial or venous circulation under heterogeneous hemodynamic conditions inevitably increases the risk for thrombotic events and thromboembolic complications. Consequently, the selection of antithrombotic therapy (AT) regimen and its duration is complex and should be tailored to each patient's risk profile, balancing the expected risk and benefits. This state-of-the-art review critically examines the thrombotic risks inherent to transcatheter structural heart interventions, synthesizes available evidence and current guidelines recommendations on antithrombotic management, and defines persisting gaps in knowledge while discussing the most relevant ongoing clinical trials.

Recent advancements in technologies, such as 3D printing, have been adopted in prosthodontics to streamline clinical procedures and provide high-quality prosthetic devices to patients within a reduced timeframe. This study primarily aimed to determine the color change levels of 3D-printed dental resins for temporary and long-term intraoral applications. We also evaluated the effectiveness of post-processing procedures such as polishing or glazing on color stability. Three types of dental resins were tested in distilled water, coffee, and wine environments for 2, 7, 30, and 60 days. A spectrophotometric analysis was conducted, and the Ciede2000 formula was used to determine the DE. The material type, conditioning method, and storage time significantly affected the color changes of the tested materials. The post-processing technique had the most remarkable impact on color stability over time. Glazing of the 3D-printed material surface appears to be the most effective approach to prolong its clinical applicability by maintaining color stability.

Optimizing neuromuscular strength and balance is essential for performance and injury prevention in elite Paralympic sport. However, limited evidence describes how these parameters change over time during specific phases of the training season in athletes with lower limb deficiencies. This retrospective case series aimed to describe longitudinal changes in neuromuscular and balance performance during the fundamental preparation period in elite athletes using prosthetic devices. Routinely collected performance data from five international-level Paralympic athletes (Para-swimming and Para-athletics) were retrospectively analyzed across two preparatory observation windows conducted in consecutive competitive seasons. Neuromuscular performance was assessed using countermovement jump variables, while static balance was evaluated through Inertial Measurement Unit-derived sway metrics. Within-athlete changes were examined using descriptive and exploratory analyses. At the group level, changes were observed in selected neuromuscular and balance outcomes over time, including jump height and path length. Individual analyses revealed substantial inter-athlete variability in the magnitude and direction of changes across all outcomes. Overall, the findings indicate that neuromuscular and postural performance may fluctuate meaningfully during preparatory phases in elite athletes with lower limb deficiencies. This study provides exploratory insights derived from real-world training settings and highlights the value of longitudinal monitoring to support individualized performance management in Paralympic sport.

The present study demonstrates that the corrosion behavior of dental cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys is strongly influenced by the interaction between microstructure, manufacturing technique, and oral chemical environment. A comparative investigation was conducted on Co-Cr specimens fabricated using four technological routes: conventional casting, CAD/CAM machining, Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). The study included microstructural characterization, evaluation of generalized corrosion behavior using the rotating electrode technique, assessment of localized crevice corrosion, and quantitative analysis of the release of twenty metallic cations. Extraction tests were performed for 168 h in two media simulating aggressive oral environments: 0.07 N HCl (acidic medium) and a fluoride-containing electrolyte (0.1% NaF + 0.1% KF). Electrochemical measurements were recorded in the current density range of 10-10 to 10-7 A/cm2, while released cation concentrations were quantified at the µg/L level. All alloys exhibited very low corrosion current densities (icorr in the 10-8 to 10-9 A·cm-2 range), confirming overall good corrosion resistance. Among all manufacturing routes, CAD/CAM specimens demonstrated the highest electrochemical performance, with a wide passivity domain extending up to approximately 740 mV/SCE. A statistical interaction analysis between extraction media and manufacturing techniques was performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney (MW) U test. Among the analyzed elements, only chromium showed a statistically significant difference between media (p < 0.05), with an approximately 25-fold-higher release in acidic conditions compared with the fluoride medium, confirming the predominant role of proton-induced destabilization of the protective Cr2O3 passive film. In contrast, fluoride-containing media induced selective release of elements such as Cu (3× higher), W (2.5× higher), and Mo (1.4× higher), associated with complexation phenomena. The manufacturing route significantly influences corrosion behavior. Although additive manufacturing technologies (SLM/DMLS) enable highly accurate and customized prosthetic designs, rapid solidification and microstructural heterogeneities may increase susceptibility to localized corrosion compared with more homogeneous CAD/CAM materials. Clinically, these findings suggest that future restorative strategies should incorporate corrosion-aware material selection within digital workflows. As digital dentistry evolves, predictive models integrating patient-specific oral conditions may assist clinicians in selecting the most appropriate material system for long-term performance. In conclusion, the long-term success of dental Co-Cr prosthetic devices depends not only on mechanical strength and precision of fit, but also on sustained electrochemical stability in the complex oral environment.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are becoming a global health challenge, affecting not only older adults but also adolescents who experience body pain, especially in their back, neck, and shoulders. Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of neck, shoulder, and back pain among students of elementary schools in Quetta, Balochistan. Methodology: This study was cross-sectional, conducted at various schools in Quetta, Balochistan. Sample size was 256, calculated using Epitool, an online calculator that provides a convenient way to determine sample size. Non-probability convenience sampling was used for data collection. The study was completed within two months following the approval of the synopsis by the committee of the University of Balochistan, Quetta. The intended population was school students, male and female students under the age of 19 years, carrying school bags on either one or both shoulders, who were included in the study. Students who were unable to stand properly or use medical aids such as prosthetic devices, who could not respond to the questionnaire due to cognitive impairments, a history of trauma within the past year, as well as those diagnosed with spinal deformities like scoliosis, any genetic/metabolic conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system were excluded. The questionnaire was developed by reviewing multiple published articles and included sections on demographics, ergonomics, pain details, and posture evaluation. Results: Almost all students (95.7%) used backpacks, and most of them carried their bags on one shoulder (weighing about 2-3 kg). The most common pain areas were the shoulders (34.4%) and the neck (32.8%). Around 41.8% said they felt moderate pain 2–3 times a week. A large number of students used their phones for long hours. Posture-related questions showed that many students sat in unhealthy positions, and about 73% believed their sitting posture was causing their pain. Despite these issues, most students (82.4%) never went to a physiotherapist or any treatment, showing a big gap in awareness and care. Conclusion: Study shows that musculoskeletal pain in school students is affected by many factors. These findings highlight that early checking and timely treatment are important so that young people do not develop long-term problems in life.