Prostatic Calculi Research Articles

Hobnail Shaped primary prostatic urethral calculus due to Urethral stricture disease

Hobnail Shaped primary prostatic urethral calculus due to Urethral stricture disease

Simultaneous Uptake of 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG by Bladder and Prostate Calculi.

Calcification and formation of calculi in the genitourinary system such as the bladder, kidney, and prostate are common processes of aging. Despite being in different parts of the body, these calculi can share risk factors; for instance, bladder and prostate calculi are seen in older men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. There have been increasing reports of detection of calculi using PET tracers such as 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG, suggesting their role for detection of extraosseous calcification. In this report, we present simultaneous detection of bladder and prostate calculi with both 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG avidity in a 74-year-old man with multiple myeloma.

ALKAPTONURIA DIAGNOSED IN A 72 YEAR OLD FEMALE AFTER TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT

Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of metabolism caused by deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase and resulting in accumulation of homogentisic acid in collagenous structures. It is characterized by homogentisic aciduria, bluish-black discoloration of connective tissues (ochronosis) and arthropathy of large joints. Less common manifestations include cardiovascular abnormalities, renal, urethral and prostate calculi. Bone fractures are unusual in ochronosis. In this report, we describe a woman, 72 years of age, with a history of severe arthropathy requiring total joint replacement in both of her hips and left Knee. During the Left Total Knee Replacement, an intra operative observation of a bluish-black discoloration of the knee joint and the surrounding soft tissue raised the diagnosis of Alkaptonuria. We review the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of alkaptonuric ochronosis. Early detection is important for prevention and treatment of multiple systems.

Гигантские камни предстательной железы.

Introduction. Large prostatic calculi, which in total occupy almost the entire volume of the prostate gland, are extremely rare. A small number of clinical cases and a variety of treatment methods used in such cases determine the relevance of the study of this problem. Materials and methods. The review is based on articles published throughout history in scientific peer-reviewed journals included in the PubMed database and Elibrary.ru Scientific Electronic Library. The search was performed on the following keywords: «prostatic calculi», «prostate stones», «giant prostatic calculi», «large prostatic calculi», «giant prostatic stones», «large prostatic stones». At the first stage, 115 sources were found, of which 23 articles were included in the review. Results. A total of 20 publications were identified, which included a total of 24 cases of giant prostatic calculi. In 12 (50%) patients of this series of studies, the etiology of calculi was recognized as idiopathic, in 6 (25.0%) – urethral stricture, in 5 (20.8%) – neurogenic bladder, in 1 (4.2%) – eunuchoidism. In 9 (37.5%) patients, prostatic calculi were removed using an open operation: in 6 cases – using transvesical access as in adenomectomy, in 2 cases – using retropubic access as in adenomectomy, in 1 case – using radical nerve-sparing retropubic prostatectomy). In 15 (62.5%) patients, prostatic calculi were removed using endoscopic methods: in 7 cases, transurethral lithotripsy was performed without transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), in 3 cases – transurethral lithotripsy with preliminary TURP, in 4 cases – TURP followed by extraction of prostatic calculi without crushing them, and in 1 case – in situ lithotripsy by cystotomy. Conclusions. Giant prostatic calculi are extremely rare and mostly secondary. For their removal, both open and endoscopic can be used equally successfully. The small number of works in this area necessitates further research.

Transurethral resection of lithiasis in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis

Introduction. According to specialized literature, prostatic calculi are found in up to 80% of men over the age of 50. Prostatic calculi associated with chronic prostatitis may be closely related to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and may cause nonspecific symptoms of LUTS. The treatment approaches of prostatic calculi in chronic prostatitis include drug therapy, minimally invasive as well as open surgeries, the number of which is actually decreasing worldwide. This phenomenon is mostly related to the emergence of both new diagnostic technologies and endourological treatment. Material and methods. The study included 40 patients with bladder outlet obstruction caused by prostatic calculi due to CNBP, who were diagnosed via a series of clinical and paraclinical investigations. The treatment methods to remove the bladder outlet obstruction included surgical approaches like transurethral resection (TUR) (n = 10 patients) and laser surgery (Ho: YAG) (n = 30 patients). Subsequently, the patients were monitored and monitored at 1 and 3 months. Results. All included patients in the study complained of difficulty urinating (bladder outlet obstruction and residual urine) underwent endoscopic surgical treatment. 30 patients underwent transurethral resection of the prostate with Ho:YAG laser operating at pulse energy of 2.3 J and a frequency of 18 Hz, with a peak power of 18.4 W. Laser incisions were made at 5 and 7 points of a standard quadrant by local tissue resection and removal of prostate stones. During 3 months of follow-up, the mean IPSS value improved from 23.2 ± 2.57 points to 12.6 ± 0.54 points; QoL also changed from 4.83 ± 0.51 points to 2.23 ± 0.1 points; Qmax shifted from 9.08 ± 1.8 ml/s before surgery to 14.07 ± 1.7 ml/s after surgery; the mean value of residual urine decreased to 94.8 ± 47.4 ml and 34.23 ± 9.82 ml. The other 10 patients with prostate stones due to CNBP underwent another endoscopic method: incision (ITUP) or transurethral resection (TURP). The dynamics of the test findings during the follow-up period: IPSS improved from 22.9 ± 2.42 to 10.7 ± 0.5 points; QoL improved from 5.0 ± 0.66 to 2.1 ± 0.31 points; Qmax changed from 9.34 ± 1.29 ml/s to 15.82 + 0.44 ml/s after the surgery. The average value of residual urine decreased from 92.9 ± 17.95 ml to 38.9 ± 5.97 ml. A decrease in prostate volume of 15.2 cm3 was also observed, possibly due to partial removal of sclerotic tissue and lithiasis. Conclusion. Improvement in urodynamic parameters showed that endoscopic surgical treatment of prostate stones is an effective method for eliminating bladder obstruction and helps to restore urination, as well as improving the quality of life.

An Obstructive Prostatic Urethral Calculus in a Patient with Urethral Strictures: A Case Report

Urinary calculi are the third most common affliction of the urinary tract only exceeded by urinary tract infections and pathologies of the prostate gland. Urinary tract calculi contribute to a major concern encountered in the practice of urology, it affects about 10-12% of the population with a variable incidence with respect to sex, age, occupation, geographical area, climate, dietary fluid intake, social class and race. Urethral calculus is always found on the site of prostatic urethra, bulbar and fossa navicularis. Primary urethral calculi are usually associated with urethral strictures, posterior urethral valve and a diverticulum. Urethral calculi represent 1-2% of all calculi in the urinary tract. This is a case of a 32-year-old farmer and fisherman who had a retrograde urethrocystography (RUCG) that showed an obstructive prostatic calculus, bladder wall calcification and thickening with contrast refluxing into the seminal vesicles bilaterally.

Correlation between Prostatic Calculi and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Prostatic calculus is a common disease of the urinary system, Prostate stones are more common in middle-aged and elderly men, With the development of ultrasonic diagnosis, more and more patients with prostate stone were found in physical examination,According to research shows,The vast majority of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in the pathogenesis of examination was found to have prostate stones, but so far the correlation between prostate stones and benign prostatic hyperplasia is still not very clear,Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an important factor affecting the physical and mental health and quality of life of the elderly male, With an increasing trend of population aging in China more quickly, this problem is more and more outstanding, but also allows us to further study the relationship between prostate stones and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The influence of prostatic calculi on lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction: a narrative review.

Prostatic calculi (PC) are commonly found in patients who present for urologic consultation. However, the effect of PC on urinary symptoms remains controversial. In this study, we searched the Embase and PubMed databases for literature related to the following keywords: “prostatic calculi”, “prostatic stone”, “prostatic lithiasis” and “prostatic calcification”, along with the limits, “lower urinary tract symptoms”, “sexual dysfunction”, “erectile dysfunction”, “erectile function”, and “premature ejaculation”. According to the literature, there are various subtypes of PC based on X-ray or ultrasound findings, including type I/II, type A/B, and endogenous PC/extrinsic PC. Furthermore, the formation of PC remains unclear, and more importantly, the ability of PC to cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunction (SD) is worth exploring. We retrospectively reviewed all available literature and found that most studies agreed that PC are associated with LUTS. The factors which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LUTS include the size and location of PC, induced inflammation, and the blood flow of the prostate. Similarly, SD was also examined in the patients with PC, and psychological factors cannot be ignored in this regard. However, more in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms, including prospective, controlled, longitudinal, and large- sample studies, are needed in the future.

Multiparametric prostate MRI-based intensity-modulated radiation therapy guided by prostatic calcifications.

The optimal technique to administer image-guided radiation therapy for prostate cancer remains poorly defined. This study assessed outcomes after multiparametric prostate MRI-based planning was delivered with image-guided radiation therapy using prostatic calculi observed on cone beam CT (CBCT). Between January 2015 and December 2017, 94 consecutive patients were treated with CBCT-based image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) without fiducial markers. MRI was routinely incorporated for target delineation and intraprostatic tumor nodules were boosted to allow reduced doses to normal appearing prostate. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of prostatic calcifications while toxicity and biochemical control were secondary endpoints. Median follow-up was 39.7 months with 82% NCCN intermediate to very high risk. Intraprostatic calculi were noted in 68% of patients. The 3-year biochemical control, late grade ≥2 rectal toxicity and late grade ≥2 urinary toxicity rates were 96%, 3 and 7%, respectively. Biochemical control and toxicity were not significantly impacted by the presence of prostatic calculi. Prostatic calcifications can serve as natural fiducial markers to allow for non-invasive IGRT for prostate cancer with promising early disease control and toxicity outcomes. Prostate calcification-guided IGRT is technically feasible.

Explore: The Value of Prostatic Calculi in Prostate Surgery

Objective To explore the significance of prostatic calculi in prostate surgery. Methods During the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2017, a retrospective analysis was made of 821 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with prostatic calculi admitted to our hospital. During 2010 to 2015, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was performed. And then, from 2015 to 2017, it was replaced as transurethral laser vaporization of the prostate (TULVP). There were 5 converted to open. We should remove the prostate tissue til the surgical capsule by electrocision or vaporization. If annular fibrous tissue or prostatic calculi are encountered during the operation, the calculi will be exfoliated, and then stop operation. Results All the operations were successfully completed, with an average times of 47 minutes (22-117 minutes), bleeding of 50ml (15-350 ml), indwelling catheter for 5.7 days (3-10 days), and continuous bladder irrigation for 1.3 days (1-5 days). During the follow-up period of 0.4-5 years, the urination symptoms and quality of life of the post-operation patients were significantly improved. Conclusions Prostate calculi can be used as a marker of the depth of operation for BPH.

Pathologic findings in prostate gland at autopsy with topographic distribution of these diseases within the prostatic zones: Eleven-month prospective study in Oauthc, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Introduction: Different zones of prostate harbor different prostatic pathology. The peripheral zone shows majorly prostatic adenocarcinoma, which is among the common causes of cancer death in men in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim: The study aimed to determine the spectrum of prostate pathologies in routine autopsies of adult male 30 years and above whose death was unrelated to prostate diseases. Methods: A total of eighty cases of prostate glands were harvested over an 11-month period. These glands were fixed for 48 h, grossed, and processed. The hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides were examined using multiheaded microscope. Results: The age range of patients was 30–85 years with a mean age of 41.84 ± 12.63 years standard deviation. The most common cause of death in these patients was trauma secondary to road traffic accident followed by cardiovascular diseases. The most common lesions in each prostatic zone as observed in this study were chronic prostatitis 26.3% in the central zone; nodular hyperplasia 16.3% in the transitional zone; prostatic atrophy (13.8%) and adenocarcinoma (8.3%) in the posterior peripheral zone (one of the cases (1.3%) showed multiple carcinomatous foci); and chronic prostatitis 15.0% in the anterior fibromuscular zone. Four patients' ages 30, 31, 32, and 48 years had Schistosoma haematobium infections observed in the seminal vesicles, whereas patient aged 48 years had in addition adenocarcinoma of prostate gland and prostatic atrophy (PA). A case (1.3%) of prostatic calculi and simple cyst of the prostate was seen in ages 56 and 85 years, respectively. Conclusion: Different zones of the prostate are associated with different disease entities, and S. haematobium show an association with adenocarcinoma of prostate in one individual

Age, height, BMI and FBG predict prostate volume in ageing benign prostatic hyperplasia: Evidence from 5285 patients.

Several studies have reported a potential association between prostate volume (PV) and prostate disease. Here, we classified the risk factors for PV among benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. In all, 4293 BPH patients with available clinical information were enrolled. Body mass index (BMI) was obtained as weight divided by height squared. PV was calculated as length×width×height (cm)×π/6. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine the differences between PV subgroups. Univariate and multiple linear regression tests were performed to uncover the connection between clinical features and PV. The differences in the age, BMI, height and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the subgroups were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis tests and adjusted with Bonferroni post hoc correction. A nomogram was created to directly illustrate the mutual interaction of amalgamator parameters. PV did not influence the incidence of kidney stones (P=.815), whereas prostate calculi were positively associated with an enlarged prostate (>30mL) (P<.001). Age (adjusted R=0.363, P<.001), height (adjusted R=0.088, P<.001), BMI (adjusted R=0.039, P=.013) and FBG (adjusted R=-0.034, P=.027) were the independent risk/protective factors related to enlarged PV among BPH patients. The nomogram illustrated the predictive risk of an enlarged prostate (>30mL) in men. The area under the ROC curve value was 0.659 in the training cohort and 0.677 in an internal validation cohort. Age, height and BMI were positive independent risk factors of enlarged PV in BPH patients, and FBG had a protective role.

Immunohistochemical analysis of the impact of ischemic change in benign prostatic hyperplasia

ObjectiveWe conducted experiments to elucidate the impact of ischemic change on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using immunohistochemistry. MethodsMedical records of consecutive patients over 60 years of age who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for BPH between January 2009 and September 2012 were evaluated. As vascular risk factors, the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, current smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, and diseases related to bladder function were investigated. As BPH-related factors, International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, maximal flow rate, postvoid residual volume, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, prostate calculi, and medication state for BPH were investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), sex hormone receptors, and smooth muscle actin. Additionally, microvessel density (MVD) and diffuse fibrosis (DF) were evaluated. ResultsA total of 101 patients were included and HIF-1α expression in stroma and glands were observed in 56 (55.4%) and 34 (33.7%) cases, respectively. There was no significant association between HIF-1α expression and vascular risk factors or BPH-related variables. However, there was a significant correlation between the HIF-1α expression in stroma and higher MVD. HIF-1α expression in the stroma was also significantly correlated with higher expressions of the androgen and progesterone receptors in the stroma. DF was frequently found in cases with higher HIF-1α expression in the stroma than in those with lower HIF-1α expression. ConclusionIn patients with response to ischemic changes of the prostate, HIF-1α expression could be confirmed, and the expression of the androgen receptor was significantly lower in these patients. Chronic ischemic damage in the prostate can progress to a condition that is refractory to pharmacologic therapy. Chronic ischemic damage, which can progress to refractory phase to pharmacologic therapy, is correlated with the hormonal status of prostate.

Prostatic calculi cause osteoblastic immunophenotype of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PGC) is leading the way in the structure of cancer morbidity around the world. The presence of prostatic concretions (PC) and skeletal metastases significantly reduces the patients’ life quality and worsens the prognosis of the disease.Aim. The aim of study was to define the impact of PC on the development of prostate cancer bone metastases.Materials and methods. 30 samples of PGC with PC and 30 PGC tissue samples without PC were analyzed by histology (hematoxylin-eosin staining), histochemistry (von Kossa and Alizarin red staining), immunohistochemistry (OSN, Col I, Col II, p53, Bax, Casp3, MPO, CD68). PC were analyzed by SEM-EDS and XRD with different temperature of heat pretreatment.Results. All PC samples had the calcium hydroxyapatite origin with a slight deviation from the stoichiometric composition and admixture of extraneous elements. The presence of zinc oxide and iron-containing calcium phosphate in the structure of PC was found by XRD. We revealed significantly higher expression of Вах, Саsp3, MPO and CD68 in PGC tissue with PC (P &lt; 0.001). We suggest that the combination of these factors predetermines the development of a specific phenotype of cancer cells which is manifested by the significantly higher OSN and Col I expression in PGC with PC (P &lt; 0.001). It contributes to recognizing of bone tissue as an optimal environment for the growth and development of PGC metastases by cancer cells.Conclusions. The presence of PC in the PGC tissue promotes the development of a specific osteoblastic immunophenotype of cancer cells. It can determine the tropism of PGC metastases to bone tissue.

The prevalence and risk factors of prostatic calculi in Han Chinese: a cross-sectional study based on health examinations

Purpose Prostatic calculi (PCal) are commonly present with prostate disease; we aim to map the incidence and associated clinical risk factors of PCal in Han Chinese. Material and methods We retrospectively selected men who sought a medical check-up in 2018. Basic clinical items, including age, weight, height, prostate specific antigen (PSA), uric acid (UA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), urinalysis results, and transabdominal prostate ultrasound, were recorded. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate whether these factors were associated with the presence of PCal. Result We recorded the parameters of laboratory tests and clinical information from 14,427 men; men with PCal comprised 51.65% of the total group and 76.61% of the subgroup of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. All the enrolled parameters showed meaningful differences, but the logistic regression analysis only indicated significant effects related to age (OR = 1.044, 95% CI = 1.040–1.047, and p < .001), body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.035, 95% CI = 1.022–1.048, and p < .001), UA (OR = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.999–1.000, and p = .029), BPH (OR = 2.923, 95% CI = 2.678–3.191, and p < .001), and prostate cysts (OR = 0.609, 95% CI = 0.471–0.788, and p < .001). The odds ratio of the predicted combined model is 1.068. Conclusions PCal was detected in 51.65% of men among healthy Han Chinese and in 76.61% of BPH patients. Age, BMI, UA, BPH, and prostate cysts were independent risk factors for the presence of PCal.

Clinical Correlation of Prostatic Calculi With Semen Parameters in Adult Men With Fertility Intention.

To investigate the correlation of prostatic calculi (PC) with semen parameters in men with fertility intention, this retrospective case–control study enrolled 1,303 participants ranging from 20 to 59 years old; 725 were diagnosed with PC using abdominal ultrasonography. Patients with PC were classified into the type A calculi group (discrete and small echoes) and type B calculi group (coarse and large masses of multiple echoes). Five hundred and seventy-eight men without PC were recruited for the control group. The clinical data of each group were collected and analyzed. The total motility was significantly lower for subjects with type B calculi (41.84% ± 17.50%) than for subjects in the type A calculi (51.78% ± 20.84%; p < .001) and control (54.47% ± 20.74%; p < .001) groups. The percentage of progressively motile was significantly lower for the type B calculi (31.66% ± 14.68%) group than the type A calculi (40.17% ± 17.09%; p < .001) and control (41.83% ± 17.05%; p < .001) groups. The results of the hypo-osmotic swelling test yielded significantly lower percentages in the type B calculi group (59.88% ± 17.13%) than the type A calculi (65.28 ± 14.43%; p = .005) and control (66.92 ± 16.12%; p < .001) groups. The type B calculi group had a significantly higher percentage of round cell concentration than control (4.5% vs. 1.0%; p = .007) did. Small and discrete PC may not influence semen quality among adult men with fertility intention, but larger and coarser PC are associated with decreased sperm motility.

Observed high incidence of prostatic calculi with the potential to act as natural fiducials for prostate image guided radiotherapy

This study aims to quantify the incidence and distribution of prostatic calculi in a population of prostate radiotherapy patients and assess their potential role in prostate image guided radiotherapy (IGRT). A retrospective analysis of trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS), computed tomography (CT) planning and treatment verification cone beam CT (CBCT) scans from radical prostate radiotherapy patients (external beam and brachytherapy) between 2012 and 2014 was undertaken by a single experienced observer. An internationally validated schema from the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data system (PIRADS) was used to map the location of calculi. The association of calculi with patient and disease characteristics was explored. Data was analysed using SPSS (IBM version 22.0) using descriptive statistical methods and logistic binary regression analysis. 389 scan sets from 254 patients were included in the analysis. The overall incidence of calculi was 85% (n = 218) of which 79% (n = 201) were intra-prostatic calculi. The mean number of intra-prostatic calculi was 2 (range 1-10) and the mean size of calculi was 3.7 mm (range 0.5-15 mm). Calculi were most frequently observed in the posterior of the mid-gland (PI-RADs 3p, 9p) and posterior of the apex (PI-RADs 5p, 11p). 99% (n = 135) of CT planning scans with a corresponding CBCT had calculi in the same PIRADs location and all calculi were visible at the last fraction. There was no statistically significant association of calculi and N stage, M stage or Gleason score. A significant proportion of prostate radiotherapy patients have prostatic calculi detectable on pre radiotherapy imaging. Calculi observed on CT were also detectable on CBCT in 99% of cases and remain visible at the end of treatment. These findings add to the growing evidence base supporting the potential of calculi as an alternative to fiducial markers to aid prostate IGRT.

Comparative analysis of prostatoliths and corpora amylacea effects on the immunophenotype of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PC) has the highest incidence rate in a male population all over the world. The aim of the work was to compare the effect of prostatic calculi and corpora amylacea on the immunophenotype of PC. 10 samples of PC with calculi, 20 samples with a corpora amylacea and 30 control samples were used for this study. Histochemical techniques (alizarin red, von Kossa, Congo red stainings), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and immunohistochemistry (antibodies against AR, p53, Casp3, Bax, MMP1, HSP70, Hsp90, VEGF, CD68 and MPO) were used. Statistical processing was carried out by the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Student t-test. The presence of intraluminal inclusions is accompanied by increased expression of proapoptotic markers Casp3 and Bax by tumor tissue. It was found that in the group of samples with intraluminal inclusions, the expression level of VEGF and Hsp90 is lower in comparison to control group (p&lt;0.05). The difference between VEGF and Hsp90 expression in the PC with calculi and PC with corpora amylacea was not detected (p&gt; 0.05). In the future, it is planned to study the effect of intraluminal inclusions on the development of bone metastasis of PC.

Effects of Calcium Oxalate on Expression of Clusterin and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Prostatitis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients with Calculi.

BackgroundProstatic calculi are common in urological treatments. Our major purpose in the present study was to explore the occurrence and composition of prostatic calculi, and investigate the effect of calcium oxalate (CaOx) on clusterin expression and lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) in prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with calculi.Material/MethodsFrom December 2016 to January 2017, a total of 79 prostatitis patients aged more than 50 years were enrolled. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group A had small calculi (discrete, small echoes); group B had large calculi (large masses of multiple echoes, much coarser), and group C had no calculi. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the tissue scores. The clusterin expression was detected by quantitative real-time CR (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence.ResultsAccording to multifactor analysis, age was significantly associated with prostatic calculus. The composition of prostatic calculus was an independent factor of LUTS. The clusterin expression was elevated in group B. The mRNA and protein levels of clusterin in prostatitis and BPH patients with stones were obviously higher than those in prostatitis and BPH patients without stones. CaOx enhanced clusterin expression in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionsLarge prostatic calculi were associated with LUST. Furthermore, CaOx enhanced clusterin expression, leading to large prostatic calculi. These results may provide a therapeutic strategy for prostatitis and BPH.

Is There A Relation Between Serum Uric Acid Values and Prostatic Calculi Presence?

Objective: We planned to examine the connection between serum uric acid (UA) values and prostatic calculi (PCal) presence and to evaluate the relation between PCal and other etiological factors. Methods: Patients between 20 and 60 years of age who were referred to the clinic with any reason and had non-contrast abdominal tomography (NCACT) for PCal were included in the study. While the patients were separated into 2 groups based on their serum UA level as ≥7 mg/dL (Group 1) and < 7 mg/dL (Group 2), NCACT was also divided into 2 groups as PCal presence (PCal+) and lack (PCal–) serum UA, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, prostate-specific antigen levels and urinary analysis results of the patients were evaluated and compared. Results: PCal were detected in 38 of 169 patients (22%). PCal presence was detected to be significantly high in Group 1 (p = 0.015). While Type A localization PCal were present both in Groups 1 and 2. Based on PCal presence, UA level was detected to be significantly high in PCal+ patients (p = 0.01). No significant difference was detected among the groups in biochemical parameters and urine-related parameters other than UA. Conclusion: A significant relation was found between high UA value and PCal in this study. These results may show that UA plays an active role in PCal etiology.