Prospective Usage Research Articles

Low-dimensional halide perovskite/PVDF nanocomposite with enhanced piezoelectricity as flexible biomechanical energy harvester

Sustainable energy harvesting is the need of the hour, and piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) offer tremendous opportunities in this field. We have investigated the mechanical energy harvesting applications of a nanocomposite comprising a low-dimensional halide perovskite (HP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Cs4PbBr6 HP was prepared using mechanochemical synthesis, and a composite film of PVDF with Cs4PbBr6 was utilized as the PENG to scavenge energy from day-to-day human biomechanical activities. The properties and output results of the fabricated devices with changing weight percentages (wt.%) of HP used as nanofillers in the PVDF matrix are compared to those of a pure PVDF. A 6 wt.% concentration of Cs4PbBr6 induces the composite's electroactive β-phase to around 87%. The polarization hysteresis (P-E) loop measurement reveals a remanent polarization of 0.31 µC/cm2. The measured piezoelectric coefficient (d33) is about ⁓12 pm/V, and the piezoelectric amplitude is ∼500 pm for the optimized PENG at the maximum applied bias of ±30 V. The device shows an instantaneous output voltage of ⁓90 V, a current of ⁓3.8 μA, and power of ⁓80 µW across a 5 MΩ resistor. Simple daily human activities like finger tapping, leg-toe pressing, finger bending, heel pressing, and walking are used to generate output voltages using PENG with prospective usage in powering portable electronic devices. The output AC voltage of the device is employed to charge a 10 µF capacitor up to ∼3.5 V and shows exceptional stability over long cycles. The output power generated is adequate for lighting commercial LEDs without any external input. The Cs4PbBr6/PVDF composite films thus demonstrate significant potential to be deployed as high-performance, portable, and wearable mechanical energy harvesting devices.

Self-Healing Materials: Mechanisms, Characterization, and Applications: A detailed Review

There is a category of materials known as self-healing materials, which are distinguished by their inherent capacity to mend themselves in the event of internal damage or fractures. Because it possesses a built-in healing mechanism, it possesses this one-of-a-kind power. This system can react to injury in methods that range encompassing chemical reactions, physical alterations, and biological processes. The need to extend the endurance and longevity of materials used in a variety of industries, such as building, transportation, and electronics, has been a driving force behind the creation of self-healing materials. The mechanisms that are used to research self-healing materials as well as the approaches that are used to characterise them are discussed in this article. The many methods of self-healing, such as microcapsule-based healing, intrinsic healing, and extrinsic healing, are explored in this article. Intrinsic healing is also covered. In addition, the characterization methods that were utilised in order to evaluate the efficacy of the healing process, such as mechanical assessment, thermal evaluation, and microscopy, are discussed here. In addition, the prospective usages for self-healing materials in several industries, such as coatings, adhesives and related products composites, and biomedical devices, are addressed in this article. In this article, the advantages of using self-healing materials in certain applications are described such as an improvement in the materials' longevity, reliability, and sustainability.

Analyzing the Tribology of High-Entropy Alloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are prospective advanced materials for the production of components that operate at high, severe friction and in high-temperature environments. This is because they possess unique properties requisite for such applications. Hence, this study was aimed at reviewing most recent publications on the tribological characteristics of HEAs processed with spark plasma sintering (SPS). The choice of SPS was because it impacts alloys with a homogenous microstructure, high wear resistance, densely packed grains, and nanocrystalline microstructure. The resource materials for this study were obtained from the Scopus-indexed journal/Google Scholar website for articles published within the last five years. From the study, it was observed that HEAs have good tribological properties which permit their prospective usage in the production of strength-demanding, wear-demanding, and temperature-demanding components. The addition of BCC-forming and FCC-forming elements would help in improving the wear properties of HEAs. It was also observed from the literature that the incorporation of post-processing treatment, laser cladding, shot peening, or the coating of SPSed composites would increase the effective performance and durability of HEAs prepared with SPS.

Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies against Cancer: Present and Future.

A series of monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential against cancer have been generated and developed. Ninety-one are currently used in the clinics, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or other antibodies, including immune checkpoint antibodies. These advances helped to coin the term personalized medicine or precision medicine. However, it seems evident that in addition to the current work on the analysis of mechanisms to overcome drug resistance, the use of different classes of antibodies (IgA, IgE, or IgM) instead of IgG, the engineering of the Ig molecules to increase their half-life, the acquisition of additional effector functions, or the advantages associated with the use of agonistic antibodies, to allow a broad prospective usage of precision medicine successfully, a strategy change is required. Here, we discuss our view on how these strategic changes should be implemented and consider their pros and cons using therapeutic antibodies against cancer as a model. The same strategy can be applied to therapeutic antibodies against other diseases, such as infectious or autoimmune diseases.

Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Taurine in Various Therapeutics.

More than two hundred years ago, taurine was first isolated from materials derived from animals. It is abundantly found in a wide range of mammalian and non-mammalian tissues and diverse environments. Taurine was discovered to be a by-product of the metabolism of sulfur only a little over a century and a half ago. Recently, there has been a renewed academic interest in researching and exploring various uses of the amino acid taurine, and recent research has indicated that it may be useful in the treatment of a variety of disorders, including seizures, high blood pressure, cardiac infarction, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Taurine is currently authorised for the therapy of congestive heart failure in Japan, and it has shown promising results in the management of several other illnesses as well. Moreover, it was found to be effective in some clinical trials, and hence it was patented for the same. This review compiles the research data that supports the prospective usage of taurine as an antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diabetic, retinal protective, and membrane stabilizing agent, amongst other applications.

Enhanced DFT predictions of the structural and optoelectronic properties of MoTe2 for high performance photodetection: Application to GW-based functionals and Hubbard U and V corrections

Molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) is a promising two-dimensional material with ultimate prospective usage in high performance photodetection devices. In this study, we elucidate how this may be revealed and discuss how structural and optoelectronic properties of MoTe2 can be numerically accurately simulated since earlier experimental and theoretical studies on the bandgap of MoTe2 produced contradictory findings. In doing so, GW-based functionals using Hubbard U and V corrections are included in density functional theory (DFT) calculations to improve bandgap estimations. Interestingly, we reliably demonstrated that the estimated values of the bandgaps of 0.83 eV and 0.73 eV obtained, respectively, within this framework of DFT+U+V and GW, perfectly match the reported experimental results. Specifically, the quantum espresso simulation package is used for accurate DFT calculations allowing thereby a comprehensive investigation of the impact of the Hubbard U correction on the bandgap of MoTe2. Additionally, the optical absorption spectrum is examined for both GW and RPA levels of theory using the Yambo simulation tool, allowing for a readily distinctly identification of the material’s light absorption spectrum. Contrasted by previous theoretical results, the random phase approximation (RPA) approach, which performs quite well in showing increased optical efficiency, reveals its effectiveness for obtaining appreciable gains in the values of the real, imaginary, refractive index, and extinction coefficient. The expected trends obtained with GW-based functionals using Hubbard U and V corrections approximate methods are encouraging, and altogether support ongoing attempts to optimize the physical properties of MoTe2 for high-performance photodetection systems by offering more precise bandgap predictions and valuable insights related particularly to the optical properties.

Sustainable and Green Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers from Date Palm Residues and Their Adsorption Efficiency for Eosin Dye

This work investigates the prospective usage of dried date palm residues for eosin Y and eosin B (ES-Y and ES-B) dye removal from an aqueous solution. A green synthesis route is utilized to prepare carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from date palm residues. We study the characteristics of carbon nanomaterials based on their composition and morphology. The characterization includes different types of instruments such as a Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Batch mode experimentations are conducted and studied utilizing various significant factors such as the dose of the adsorbent, solution pH, contact time, and the initial quantity of eosin molecules as a pollutant. The dye adsorption capability improves with an increasing adsorbent dose of up to 40 mg of CNFs. The adsorption of dyes onto CNFs achieves equilibrium in around 60 h, whereas the optimal starting dye concentration in this study is 50 ppm. Further, to study the under-investigated toxic molecules’ adsorption process mechanism on the nanomaterials’ active sites, we introduce kinetic models involving pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and models based on intra-particle diffusion. Langmuir and Freundlich’s isotherms are considered to study the equilibrium isotherms, and the Langmuir isotherm model deals considerably with the attained experimentation results.

Fluoride in drinking water: An in-depth analysis of its prevalence, health effects, advances in detection and treatment

The fluoride contamination has developed into a significant risk for our society on a global scale. Chronic exposure to geogenically produced fluoride in high quantities in groundwater may have a detrimental effect on the health of millions of individuals throughout the globe. The fluorination in the water source is largely caused by fluoride-rich soil, volcanic activity and human factors. Due to the adverse health consequences such as dental discoloration and skeletal fluorosis, the World Health Organization recommends 1.5 mg/L of fluoride for drinking water to prevent dental mottling and skeletal fluorosis. Apart from skeletal and dental fluorosis, the presence of extreme fluoride in water may have several other health effects like arthritis, osteoarthritis, muscle damage, weariness, joint difficulties, and chronic disorders. In severe cases, it may harm the heart, veins, kidney, liver, sensory organs and nervous system of a living creature, as discussed in this paper. In addition, a worldwide scenario for the many nations struggling with excessively fluoridated water has been laid out. Ion-selective and colorimetric techniques are used in water applications to identify fluoride contamination. The study also emphasized the removal processes of several approaches for removing fluoride from water. The method's prospective usage in the nation's economy has also been investigated. The membrane method is seldom utilized in developing nations like India and Kenya, which use adsorption and coagulation-precipitation for the defluoridation of water. Defluoridation procedures vary according to the literature. Some important factors and mechanistic adjustments might advance defluoridation approaches.

Screening of biohydrogen producing endophytic fungi from biodiesel plants

ABSTRACTBiohydrogen from endophytic fungi constitutes an alternative biofuel resource with considerable advantages over biodiesel and ethanol extracted from existing food crops. Endophytes common in plant tissues mimic host physiological behavior and produce primary and secondary metabolites like oils and fats. Therefore, endophytes from 7 selected biodiesel plants, and 30 endophytic fungi isolated from 170 different plant parts were screened. The methodology included staining, lipid analysis, DNA isolation, molecular characterization, identification of fungal isolates by ITS sequences, biodiesel analysis, characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and statistical analysis. The fungal endophyte isolate SPSRJ28 was the most significant with an accumulation capacity of more than 20% of the total lipid content of its dry biomass, validating its oleaginous nature. In addition, the endophytes investigated in the present study yielded various VOCs that were validated by chromatography for both standards and isolates. When the VOCs were subsequently analyzed for their prospective usage as myco‐diesel, the presence of methane in the isolate SPSRJ28 was found to be highly significant. These findings remarkably support the investigation of endophytic fungi and their relationship with oleaginous plants as alternative sources of bioactive metabolites from microbial cell factories for myco‐diesel generation.

Immunomodulatory properties of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a myelopoietic growth factor that exerts pleiotropic effect not only on the differentiation of immature progenitor cells into polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, but also controls the functioning of differentiated cells. GM-CSF is currently being investigated in clinical trials as an immunomodulator and adjuvant. However, a wide range of biological activities and, sometimes, paradoxical effects of this cytokine require more thorough studies of its action, in order to predict its efficacy under different conditions of immunotherapy. In this work, we have studied the effect of recombinant human GM-CSF on metabolic activity of mouse peritoneal exudate cells in primary cell cultures. Metabolic (redox) activity of the cells was assessed by their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the course of MF- and Fc-dependent phagocytosis triggered by addition of opsonized zymosan, or sheep erythrocytes to the culture medium. We have shown the dose-dependent stimulatory effect of GM-CSF on the oxidative metabolism of phagocytic peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils. Upon culturing the pepton-elicited cells at wide range of GM-CSF concentrations (5 to 40,000 ng/mL) for 2 and 24 hours, a more pronounced effect of the substance was observed for neutrophils. The GM-CSF preparation caused a significant increase (by 13-17%) in the redox activity of neutrophils induced by opsonized zymosan that persisted at a low dose range, and was retained after 24 hours. The stimulatory effect of GM-CSF on macrophages with NBT index increase by 16% was observed in the short-term cultures. In general, the elicited cells of both types showed a more pronounced response to lower concentrations of GM-CSF (5-125 ng/mL), and weaker effect at higher doses of the preparation. A similar dependence was found when studying the resident macrophages. Culturing of resident cells with GM-CSF at the doses of 5,000 to 40,000 ng/mL for 24 hours caused a significantly increased redox activity of the cells induced by zymosan, or sheep erythrocytes (by 33-52%). In both cases, the maximal response was detected at a dose of 5,000 ng/mL and decreased with increasing dose. The stimulatory effect of GM-CSF upon resident macrophages was more pronounced as compared to elicited cells, which was characterized by the prolonged period of cell activation (up to 24 hours of culture). The data obtained are of interest, in view of prospective usage of GM-CSF as a component of immunomodulatory and adjuvant therapy for various infectious diseases.

Characterization of PLA/PCL/Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHA) Biocomposites Prepared via Cold Isostatic Pressing.

Hydroxyapatite has the closest chemical composition to human bone. Despite this, the use of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to produce biocomposite scaffolds from a mixture of polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) using cold isostatic pressing has not been studied intensively. In this study, biocomposites were created employing nHA as an osteoconductive filler and a polymeric blend of PLA and PCL as a polymer matrix for prospective usage in the medical field. Cold isostatic pressing and subsequent sintering were used to create composites with different nHA concentrations that ranged from 0 to 30 weight percent. Using physical and mechanical characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and density, porosity, tensile, and flexural standard tests, it was determined how the nHA concentrations affected the biocomposite's general properties. In this study, the presence of PLA, PCL, and nHA was well identified using FTIR, XRD, and SEM methods. The biocomposites with high nHA content showed intense bands for symmetric stretching and the asymmetric bending vibration of PO43-. The incorporation of nHA into the polymeric blend matrix resulted in a rather irregular structure and the crystallization became more difficult. The addition of nHA improved the density and tensile and flexural strength of the PLA/PCL matrix (0% nHA). However, with increasing nHA content, the PLA/PCL/nHA biocomposites became more porous. In addition, the density, flexural strength, and tensile strength of the PLA/PCL/nHA biocomposites decreased with increasing nHA concentration. The PLA/PCL/nHA biocomposites with 10% nHA had the highest mechanical properties with a density of 1.39 g/cm3, a porosity of 1.93%, a flexural strength of 55.35 MPa, and a tensile strength of 30.68 MPa.

THE QUEST FOR PRINTED ANTENNA IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW

This review paper investigates the prospective usage of various printed versions of antennas in different biomedical fields for the improvement of clinical diagnosis, treatment, health monitoring, Internet of Things, and ultimately the wellness of mankind. The paper highlights the worldwide market growth of such antennas, its various design strategies as per the requirement of application domain, various optimization techniques, imbibed challenges associated, and finally realization of practical circuits or systems. It also covers comparison of several recently reported structures in this context from the viewpoint of their multiple performance metrics.

A novel composite based on NiCo2O4@NG/MnOOH nanorods for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

For attaining an enhanced supercapacitor performance, electrode materials enriched with high conductivity, large surface area, rational porous structure, and high capacitance are desirable. Composites based on ternary transition metal oxides enriched with nitrogen-doped graphene are considered novel materials for supercapacitor electrodes. Herein, the composite of nitrogen-doped graphene with NiCo2O4 and MnOOH (abbreviated as NCO-NtG-MOOH) is synthesized through the facile three-step hydrothermal method for the first time and investigated for its chemical composition, morphology, and electrochemical properties. The as-synthesized NCO-NtG-MOOH ternary composite showed remarkable battery-type capacitive behavior owing to the multiple oxidation states, 1D rods-like morphology, inherent porosity, conductivity offered by nitrogen-doped graphene, and synergetic contribution of each component of the composite. For comparison, composite based on binary metal oxide NiCo2O4@Nitrogen-doped graphene (abbreviated as NCO-NtG) is synthesized through the same hydrothermal method. The results specified that NCO-NtG-MOOH composite-based electrode outperformed the NCO-NtG with a specific capacitance delivery of 525.72 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1, and cyclic stability of 94.99 % over 2000 continuous charge-discharge cycles. A symmetric coin cell supercapacitor device fabricated using the NCO-NtG-MOOH electrode delivered remarkable electrochemical performance, including a specific capacitance of 42.9 Fg−1 at 0.25 Ag−1, working voltage window of 0–1.2 V, an energy density of 7.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 548.72 W kg−1, and capacitance retention of 88 % after 2000 cycles. Thus, indicating the prospective usage of NCO-NtG-MOOH as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode material.

Evaluation of yarn and fabric properties of environmentally friendly and sustainable chiengora fibers from Pomeranian dog breed for textile applications

ABSTRACT This study envisages prospective usage of chiengora fibers from pomeranian dog breed for textile applications. The pomeranian dog hair which is otherwise thrown as waste is made into knitted fabrics of 2 × 2 rib structure. The chiengora fibers are blended with polyester and acrylic in seven different blend proportions and yarns are produced using rotor spinning machine. The yarn and fabric properties are evaluated, compared with previous studies and the results are presented. The fiber loss in carding is higher at 5.83% for 100% chiengora yarns. The yarn properties depreciate with higher content of chiengora in the yarn. However, yarn quality index is better for 50/50 chiengora polyester content yarns at 6.77 similar to 6.78 of 25/75 chiengora acrylic yarns. The fabric properties dwindle with more chiengora content but better thermal insulation property with a clo value of 0.524 is observed for 100% pomeranian fabric. It is 29% higher than 100% woolen fabrics. One way ANOVA confirms significant difference in all the yarn and fabric properties between different blend proportions of each group. Specific end uses are provided for all the produced fabrics thereby leading to effective utilization of a sustainable fiber.

The superior adsorption capacity of phenol from aqueous solution using Modified Date Palm Nanomaterials: A performance and kinetic study

This work investigates the prospective usage of dried Date palm fibers (DPF) and amino silica modified Date palm fibers nanomaterials (Si-DPF) for phenol removal from water. We studied the characteristics of both dried DPF and Si-DPF nanomaterials based on their composition and morphology. The characterization includes diverse types of instruments such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Batch mode experimentations were continued and studied utilizing various significant factors such as the dose of adsorbent, solution pH, contact time, and the initial quantity of phenol molecules as a pollutant. Under optimum conditions (pH: 7.00, adsorbent dose: 2.00 g/L, initial concentration of phenol: 100 ppm and contact time: 24 h), the maximum adsorption capacities were calculated to be 19.57 and 31.25 mg/g for DPF and Si-DPF respectively. Further, to study the mechanism of the adsorption process of the under-investigated toxic molecules on the active sites of the nanomaterials, we introduced kinetic models involving pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and models based on intra-particle diffusion. To study the equilibrium isotherms, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were considered, and the Langmuir isothermal model (R 2 ≈ 0.997 and 0.984 for DPF and Si-DPF respectively) which largely deals with the results of the experiments achieved.

Vaccine for Diabetes-Where Do We Stand?

Diabetes is an endocrinological disorder with a rapidly increasing number of patients globally. Over the last few years, the alarming status of diabetes has become a pivotal factor pertaining to morbidity and mortality among the youth as well as middle-aged people. Current developments in our understanding related to autoimmune responses leading to diabetes have developed a cause for concern in the prospective usage of immunomodulatory agents to prevent diabetes. The mechanism of action of vaccines varies greatly, such as removing autoreactive T cells and inhibiting the interactions between immune cells. Currently, most developed diabetes vaccines have been tested in animal models, while only a few human trials have been completed with positive outcomes. In this review, we investigate the undergoing clinical trial studies for the development of a prototype diabetes vaccine.

Unique pool of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes in novel bacteria assembled from cow and buffalo rumen metagenomes

Reconstruction of genomes from environmental metagenomes offers an excellent prospect for studying the metabolic potential of organisms resilient to isolation in laboratory conditions. Here, we assembled 12 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with an estimated completion of ≥ 90% from cow and buffalo rumen metagenomes. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) score-based screening with an existing database suggests the novelty of these genomes. Gene prediction led to the identification of 30,359 protein-encoding genes(PEGs) across 12 genomes, of which only 44.8% were annotated against a specific functional attribute. Further analysis revealed the presence of 985 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) from more than 50 glycoside hydrolase families, of which 90% do not have a proper match in the CAZy database. Genome mining revealed the presence of a high frequency of plant biomass deconstructing genes in Bacteroidetes MAGs compared to Firmicutes. The results strongly indicate that the rumen chamber harbors high numbers of deeply branched and as-yet uncultured microbes that encode novel CAZymes, candidates for prospective usage in plant biomass-hydrolyzing and biofuels industries. KEY POINTS: • Genome binning plays a crucial role in revealing the metabolic potential of uncultivable microbes. • Assembled 12 novel genomes from cow and buffalo rumen metagenome datasets. • High frequency of plant biomass deconstructing genes identified in Bacteroidetes MAGs.

A comparative study between ionic liquid and acidic pretreatment of waste cotton textiles with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

Millions of tons of waste cotton textiles are discarded every year while they could have been used for the production of bioethanol as an alternative for fossil fuel. In this study, the potential of cotton as raw material for ethanol production using ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment and acidic pretreatment is examined and compared, along with non-pretreated cotton samples. The study also aims to determine the optimal temperature of ionic liquid pretreatment, for which experiments under three temperatures (95°C, 150°C, and 175°C) were carried out. Subsequently, the pretreated cotton samples were converted to bioethanol via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Ethanol yields resulting from different pretreatment methods (also non-pretreatment) were compared. Findings suggest that ionic liquid pretreatment under 175°C gives the highest ethanol yield, proving it to be a competitive alternative to traditional acid pretreatment widely applied in industry, as well as demonstrating the prospective usage of waste cotton textiles as biomass for the production of renewable biofuel. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 57(1), 41-48, 2022

Metabolomics profiling, biological activities, and molecular docking studies of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.)

Allium ampeloprasum L., elephant garlic, is a plant that is cultivated and notable for its usage for medical and nutritional purposes. From this point, the present work presents the phenolic profiles of methanol extracts from the flowers, leaves, and bulbs of A. ampeloprasum collected in the wild in Izmir, Turkey, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Among the 30 quantified phenolic compounds, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid was the major component in A. ampeloprasum from Cambel (AA2) with a value of 3505 ± 12.8 µg/g extract, while the bioactive flavonols, quercetin (98.37 ± 1.75 µg/g extract), and kaempferol (173.20 ± 1.3 µg/g extract) were notable molecules in samples of A. ampeloprasum from Armutlu (AA1). Additionally, antioxidant activity by ferric-reducing antioxidant power and cupric ion-reducing assays, and the total phenolic, and flavonoid content were determined for all extracts. Finally, the samples’ capacity to inhibit the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase was evaluated using a 96-well microplate reader, the flowers of both samples generally had stronger inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the relationship between enzyme inhibition potency and the main phenolic components was expounded by molecular modeling studies. Consequently, these experiments were achieved to investigate the prospective usage of A. ampeloprasum both in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.

Assessment of the impact of treated and untreated Sewage water on growth and productivity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

During the summer of 2018, an experiment was done at the Agronomy Field Unit, College of Agriculture, Navile, Shivamogga, and Karnataka. Okra (cv. Arka Anamika) is primarily grown for its fruits and used as a vegetable because its fruits and leaves contain calcium, iron, proteins, and vitamins, all of which are dietary supplements required for a basic diet. Vegetable demand is higher in urban areas even though they are grown in sewage water and are better for human consumption. As a result, okra was chosen as the test crop, and it was watered with Normal Water (NW), Treated Sewage Water (TSW), and Untreated Sewage Water (UTSW) separately and in conjunctive mode, resulting in nine treatments reproduced three times using the RCBD design. The treated and untreated sewage water obtained from college where it is created in huge amounts and on a continual basis. To grow the crops, the recommended package was followed. In comparison to the application of NW, TSW and UTSW irrigation changed the soil’s chemical properties. The results indicated that TSW application resulted in a larger height (168.50), number of leaves (33.00), and number of branches (4.47). However, sewageirrigated soils were much below the salinity threshold, resulting in improved crop growth components and yield. TSW application resulted in a higher fruit production of 32.35 t ha-1 compared to NW (25.20 t ha-1) and UTSW applications (21.61 t ha-1). It's also worth noting that in the conjunctive mode of application, one or two times of NW application fb TSW in cyclic mode resulted in yields of 28.12 and 29.22 t ha-1, respectively, putting them closer to those of plots getting TSW. It also opens the way to the conclusion that sewage water derived from campus has the fewest influencing factors, affecting crop growth insignificantly, and indicating its prospective usage.