Prospective Strategy Research Articles

Water-insoluble dietary fiber from walnut relieves constipation through Limosilactobacillus reuteri-mediated serotonergic synapse and neuroactive ligand-receptor pathways.

Dietary fiber can alleviate functional constipation (FC) by modulating the gut microbiota. To clarify the prebiotic properties of walnut insoluble dietary fiber (WIDF), we explored its structural characteristics and laxative mechanism. A galacturonic acid and glucose-rich WIDF was isolated from walnuts by using a complex enzymatic method. Animal experiments results showed that WIDF could effectively alleviate the symptoms of loperamide-induced FC in mice, including shortening the defecation time, increasing the wet weight and water content of feces, and promoting intestinal motility. WIDF might alleviate FC through activating serotonergic synapse and inhibiting the delta-opioid receptor/inducible nitric oxide synthase (Oprd/iNOS) pathways. Importantly, WIDF treatment altered the structure and composition of the gut microbiota. Correlation analysis revealed that Bacillus and its dominant ASV17, which is considered to be the key microbe for constipation alleviation, were strongly associated with constipation phenotypes. Based on pure culture and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), which is 100 % similar to ASV17, was isolated and identified from the feces of WIDF-treated mice. L. reuteri relieved FC by modulating serotonergic synapse and the Oprd/iNOS pathways. These results suggested that WIDF and L. reuteri treatment is a prospective strategy for the prevention of constipation.

Anion Doping as a “Trigger” to Modulate Defect‐Tailored Dielectric Coupling for Ultrathin Microwave Absorber

AbstractAnion doping engineering is recognized as a prospective strategy to adjust the electronic configuration and transport capacity of carbon‐based magnetoelectric hybrids and to optimize defects for the modulation of electromagnetic (EM) properties. This study effectively accomplishes an overwhelming enhancement in the dielectric coupling between conduction and polarization for the CuCo bimetallic/carbon system by employing in situ (N, O)/ex situ (S, Se) doping and defect modulation strategies. The well‐designed lattice distortions are facilitated by the large atomic radii (Se) intercalated carbon skeleton and the bimetallic CuCo, which activate the reinforcement of the dipole polarization in the high‐frequency region. Interestingly, an appropriate number of vacancies acts as “electron traps” to accelerate the local charge redistribution, endowing the system with extremely strong electronic interactions and interface‐induced polarization. It is remarkable that the ultra‐thin feature (1.8 mm) is able to achieve an extraordinary microwave attenuation (‒56.1 dB). Additionally, specific defect upgrading of anionic Se doping beneficially hinders the development of phonon transmission, conferring Cu2Se/CoSe2/NC‐Se aerogel outstanding infrared stealth capabilities along with inheriting the advantages of traditional carbon‐based hybrids (lightness, compressive/structural stability, and hydrophobicity/anti‐corrosive properties). This research offers distinctive perspectives on the advanced design of multifunctional absorbers in complex environments.

Synergizing internal electric field and quantum-confined stark effect for customized carrier dynamics in two-dimensional heterostructures

The customized transport of carriers within two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures (HSs) is instrumental in enhancing the electronic and optoelectronic functionalities. Internal electric field (IEF) has opened potential pathways for manipulating carrier migration behaviors, unlocking diverse applications such as photocatalysts, solar cells, photodetectors, and other photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices. While it is intuitively understood that the orientation of IEF governs the direction of carrier transport, there are notable discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental results concerning the dynamics of photogenerated carriers. In this work, based on several polar HSs with tunable IEF, we unveiled the role of IEF in the carrier dynamics within these HSs. Our findings show that IEF not only regulates the band alignment of the HSs but also manipulates the electron–phonon (e-ph) coupling. The synergistic interplay of IEF and the quantum-confined Stark effect determines the dynamics of photoexcited carriers, facilitating the transition between type-Ⅱ and Z-scheme. These insights offer prospective strategies for tailoring interlayer charge carrier migration pathways and the photocatalytic activity of HSs.

Prospective acceleration of whole-brain CEST imaging by golden-angle view ordering in Cartesian coordinates and joint k-space and image-space parallel imaging (KIPI).

To prospectively accelerate whole-brain CEST acquisition by joint k-space and image-space parallel imaging (KIPI) with a proposed golden-angle view ordering technique (GAVOT) in Cartesian coordinates. The T2-decay effect will vary across frames with variable acceleration factors (AF) in the prospective acquisition using sequences with long echo trains. The GAVOT method uses a subset strategy to eliminate the T2-decay inconsistency, where all frames use a subset of shots from the calibration frame to form their k-space view ordering. The golden-angle rule is adapted to ensure uniform k-space coverage for arbitrary AFs in Cartesian coordinates. Phantom and in vivo studies were conducted on a 3 T scanner. The GAVOT view ordering yielded a higher g-factor than conventional uniformly centric ordering, whereas the noise propagation in amide proton transfer (APT) weighted images was similar between different view ordering. Compared to centric ordering, GAVOT successfully eliminated the T2-decay inconsistency across all frames, resulting in fewer image artifacts for both KIPI and conventional parallel imaging methods. The synergy of GAVOT and KIPI mitigated strong aliasing artifacts and achieved high-quality reconstruction of prospective variable-AF datasets. GAVOT-KIPI reduced the scan time to 2.1 min for whole-brain APT weighted imaging and 4.7 min for quantitative APT signal (APT#) mapping. GAVOT makes the prospective variable AF strategy flexible and practical, and, in conjunction with KIPI, ensures high-quality reconstruction from highly undersampled data, facilitating the clinical translation of whole-brain CEST imaging.

A Boat-Paddle-Like Molecule Binder with Twining-Blocked and Ultrafast Self-Healing Functionalities for Stable Silicon Anodes.

Self-healing binder is a prospective and efficient strategy to alleviate volume expansion of silicon (Si) anodes. However, excellent mechanical strength and healing ability tend to be mutually exclusive, due to enhanced tensile stress limit by twining polymer chains, while inhibiting polymer diffusion rate and inducing healing failure by blocked chains. Herein, inspired by the planning course of boat and paddles, a novel self-healing binder (PVA-4FBA-PEI) is designed and synthesized with mobile parallel structure and twining-blocked characteristics. The boat-like intermediate (4-formylphenyl) boronic acid (4FBA) blocks entanglement of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) chains, where two parallel chains as paddles can simultaneously form to ensure rapid diffusion of chains during bond breakage. Remarkably, it endows dynamic synergistic covalent bonds via C═N and B─O─C junctions within 4FBA, providing the binder with an ultrafast self-healing time of merely 2 min. Moreover, the binder integrates superior plasticity and flexibility of each chain, showing a high tensile strength (14.4 MPa) and stretchability (1163%) among state-of-the-art polymer binders, thus significantly improving structural integrity and electrochemical stability of Si anode during cycling. This work proposes a dynamic reversible structure via figurative molecular coordination, affording a rational viewpoint on synergetic functionalities of polymer binders for Si anodes.

Therapeutic Potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Osteoarthritis: Targeting the Wnt Signaling Pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative articular disease that leads to physical disability and reduced quality of life. The key pathological events in OA are cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. Conventional therapies often lead to adverse effects that some patients are unwilling to endure. Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) have long been known for their efficacy in treating OA with minimal side effects. The wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway is believed to play a role in OA progression, but there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding on how TCM may treat OA via the Wnt signaling pathway. This study aims to fill this gap by reviewing relevant research on the association between the Wnt signaling pathway and cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation in OA. Meanwhile, we also summarized and categorized TCMs and their active components, such as alkaloids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, etc., which have shown varying efficacy in treating OA through modulation of the Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin signaling pathway. This work underscores the pivotal role of the Wnt signaling pathway in OA pathogenesis and progression, suggesting that targeting this pathway holds promise as a prospective therapeutic strategy for OA management in the future. TCMs and their active components have the potential to alleviate OA by modulating the Wnt signaling cascade. Harnessing TCMs and their active components to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway presents an encouraging avenue for delivering substantial therapeutic benefits to individuals with OA.

Does Transfer Pathway Uptake Help or Hinder Access to STEM Fields in Postsecondary Education? A View From Canada

ABSTRACTConsiderable scholarly attention has been devoted to how gender, race and various other demographic factors shape the odds of majoring in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs. Such work has identified sizable disparities in access to STEM fields across various dimensions. In turn, these empirical findings have informed productive discussions about the social and institutional mechanisms that prevent marginalised groups from entering STEM, along with the potential strategies that could be used at multiple levels (e.g., government and institutional) to address them. Despite the increasing size of this literature, little energy has been devoted to examining the extent to which uptake of transfer pathways is associated with the odds of eventually majoring in a STEM field. Does transfer divert students away from STEM fields? Does it primarily function as an ‘on‐ramp’ for students from other disciplines to enter STEM? We find that students who travel transfer pathways into the university sector are less likely to major in STEM, but those that travel transfer pathways into the community college sector are more likely to major in STEM. We identify some of the mechanisms that could be contributing to these trends and highlight some prospective strategies for addressing the potential structural barriers faced by students wishing to enter STEM.

Scientific landscape of oxidative stress in sarcopenia: from bibliometric analysis to hotspots review.

Sarcopenia is a significant healthcare challenge in the aging population. Oxidative stress (OS) is acknowledged to play a pivotal role in the pathological progression of sarcopenia. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mitigating or eliminating OS can ameliorate the pathological manifestations associated with sarcopenia. However, current clinical antioxidant therapies often fall short of anticipated outcomes. This bibliometric analysis aims to delineate prevailing research trends, thematic emphases, focal points, and developmental trajectories within the domain of OS in sarcopenia, while also endeavoring to explore prospective anti-oxidative stress strategies for future clinical interventions. Relevant publications were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database for the period 2000-2024. Citespace was employed for retrieving and analyzing trends and emerging topics. In the field of OS in sarcopenia, the number of publications has significantly increased from 2000 to 2024. The United States and China are the primary contributors to global publication output. The most productive research institution is INRAE. The most prolific author is Holly Van Remmen from the United States, while the most frequently cited author is Cruz-Jentoft AJ from Spain. Experimental Gerontology is the journal with the highest volume of published articles, whereas the Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences holds the record for the highest number of citations. The research keywords in this field can be categorized into eight domains: "Physiology and anatomy", "Physiological mechanisms", "Pathology associations", "Experimental studies", "Nutrition and metabolism", "Sports and physical activities", "Age" and "Oxidation and antioxidation". Moreover, recent years have seen the emergence of "TNF-α," "insulin resistance", "mitochondrial autophagy", "signal pathways", and "mechanisms" as focal points in the realm of OS in sarcopenia, encompassing related fundamental research and clinical translation. This bibliometric and visualization provides a comprehensive analysis of the global research landscape in the field of OS in sarcopenia, identifies priorities, summarizes the current research status and suggests possible future research priorities. In addition, in order to benefit more sarcopenia patients, strengthening cooperation and communication between institutions and research teams is the key to the future development of this field. Given the expectation that research on OS in sarcopenia will remain a prominent area of interest in the future, this article could serve as a valuable resource for scholars seeking to shape future studies through an understanding of influential scholarly contributions and key research findings. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier CRD42024528628.

The phospholamban R14del generates pathogenic aggregates by impairing autophagosome-lysosome fusion

Phospholamban (PLN) plays a crucial role in regulating sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ cycling and cardiac contractility. Mutations within the PLN gene have been detected in patients with cardiomyopathy, with the heterozygous variant c.40_42delAGA (p.R14del) of PLN being the most prevalent. Investigations into the mechanisms underlying the pathology of PLN-R14del have revealed that cardiac cells from affected patients exhibit pathological aggregates containing PLN. Herein, we performed comprehensive molecular and cellular analyses to delineate the molecular aberrations associated with the formation of these aggregates. We determined that PLN aggregates contain autophagic proteins, indicating inefficient degradation via the autophagy pathway. Our findings demonstrate that the expression of PLN-R14del results in diminished autophagic flux due to impaired fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Mechanistically, this defect is linked to aberrant recruitment of key membrane fusion proteins to autophagosomes, which is mediated in part by changes in Ca2+ homeostasis. Collectively, these results highlight a novel function of PLN-R14del in regulating autophagy, that may contribute to the formation of pathogenic aggregates in patients with cardiomyopathy. Prospective strategies tailored to ameliorate impaired autophagy may hold promise against PLN-R14del disease.

Reinforcing Photogenerated Carrier Extraction of Environment-Friendly InP/ZnSeS Quantum Dots for High-Performing Photoelectrochemical Photodetection and Solar Energy Conversion.

Colloidal InP/ZnSeS-based quantum dots (QDs) are considered promising building blocks for light-emitting devices due to their environmental friendliness, high quantum yield (QY), and narrow emission. However, the intrinsic type-I band structure severely hinders potential photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications requiring efficient photoexcited carrier separation and transfer. In this study, the optoelectronic properties of InP/ZnSeS QDs are tailored by introducing Al dopants in the ZnSeS layer, which concurrently passivate the surface defects and act as shallow donor states for suppressed non-radiative recombination and improved charge extraction efficiency. Consequently, as-fabricated InP/ZnSeS:Al QDs-based PEC-type photodetector exhibited a high detectivity up to 1011 Jones and a remarkable responsivity of 0.66 AW-1 at 600nm even under self-powered condition (0V bias). In addition, as-prepared InP/ZnSeS:Al QDs-based photoanode can be alternatively used for PEC hydrogen generation, showing an H2 production rate of 73.7µmol cm-2h-1 under 1 sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100mW cm-2). The results offer a prospective strategy for optimizing eco-friendly QDs for high-performance multifunctional light detection/conversion devices.

Programmable Macrophage Vesicle Based Bionic Self-Adjuvanting Vaccine for Immunization against Monkeypox Virus.

The emergence of monkeypox has become a global health threat after the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the lack of available specifically treatment against MPV, developing an available vaccine is thus the most prospective and urgent strategy. Herein, a programmable macrophage vesicle based bionic self-adjuvanting vaccine (AM@AEvs-PB) is first developed for defending against monkeypox virus (MPV). Based on MPV-related antigen-stimulated macrophage-derived vesicles, the nanovaccine is constructed by loading the mature virion (MV)-related intracellular protein (A29L/M1R) and simultaneously modifying with the enveloped virion (EV) antigen (B6R), enabling them to effectively promote antigen presentation and enhance adaptive immune through self-adjuvant strategy. Owing to the synergistic properties of bionic vaccine coloaded MV and EV protein in defensing MPV, the activation ratio of antigen-presenting cells is nearly four times than that of single antigen in the same dose, resulting in stronger immunity in host. Notably, intramuscular injection uptake of AM@AEvs-PB demonstrated vigorous immune-protective effects in the mouse challenge attempt, offering a promising strategy for pre-clinical monkeypox vaccine development.

Defect-rich In2S3/CoS2 heterostructure for rapid storage of sodium ions

Aiming to accelerate sodium-ion transport kinetics and improve electrochemical cyclability of batteries, an In2S3/CoS2 bimetallic sulfide heterostructure was synthesized as anodes of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in this paper by a feasible ion exchange and subsequent hydrothermal vulcanization technique based on a cobalt metal-organic skeleton (ZIF-67) precursor. As-prepared In2S3/CoS2 composite exhibited an excellent rate capability of 453.8 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1 and outstanding cyclability of 464.06 mAh g-1 after 600 cycles at 2 A g-1. The built-in electric filed between heterogeneous interface of In2S3 and CoS2 plays a dominant contribution on improvement of electronic conductivity and charge transfer kinetics. Beyond that abundant defects derived from ion exchange and nanocrystallization of composite particles also have a positive synergistic effect on inducing additional active centers for adsorption of Na+ and shortening ion transport distance for further accelerating reaction kinetics. Based on exploring conversion and alloying mechanism of In2S3/CoS2 composite via ex situ XRD and TEM, high-performance SIBs with heterostructure bimetallic sulfide anodes may be a prospective strategy.

The effect of next-generation, dual-active-ingredient, long-lasting insecticidal net deployment on insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Benin: results of a 3-year, three-arm, cluster-randomised, controlled trial

Insecticide resistance among malaria vector species now occurs in 84 malaria-endemic countries and territories worldwide. Novel vector-control interventions, including long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) that incorporate new active ingredients with distinct modes of action, are urgently needed to delay the evolution and spread of resistance and to alleviate reversals in malaria-control gains. We aimed to assess the longitudinal effect of two dual-active-ingredient LLINs on insecticide resistance during a cluster-randomised, controlled trial in Benin. This 3-year, three-arm, cluster-randomised, controlled trial was conducted between Oct 17, 2019, and Oct 24, 2022, in three districts in southern Benin, to compare the effects of LLINs containing chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid or pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid with LLINs containing pyrethroid only. In 19 292 mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiae sensu lato) collected over 36 months-3 months of baseline followed by 3 years post-intervention-we measured longitudinal phenotypic insecticide resistance profiles using bioassays and genotypic resistance profiles using quantitative, real-time, reverse transcriptase PCR of metabolic resistance genes in two clusters per trial group. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03931473. In all three trial groups, a significant effect of LLINs on insecticide resistance selection was evident, with the median lethal dose (LD50) of α-cypermethrin approximately halving between baseline and 12 months post-LLIN distribution (pyrethroid-only LLIN cluster 21: LD50 78·78 μg/ml [95% CI 65·75-94·48] vs 35·93 [29·41-43.86] and cluster 31: 79·26 [65·40-96·44] vs 38·71 [30·88-48·53]; chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLIN cluster 43: 104·30 [82·97-133·58] vs 43·99 [35·30-54·86]; and pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLIN cluster 36: 63·76 [52·14-77·75] vs 37·96 [30·88-46·69] and cluster 53: 77·67 [57·63-104·56] vs 39·72 [29·26-53·97]). Over the subsequent 2 years, the LD50 of α-cypermethrin increased past baseline values in all three trial groups (year 3 pyrethroid-only LLIN cluster 21: 141·01 [111·70-181·90] and cluster 31: 115·15 [93·90-143·09]; chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLIN cluster 43: 97·00 [77·24-123·54] and cluster 55: 126·99 [102·34-161·26]; and pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLIN cluster 36: 142·29 [112·32-184·84] and cluster 53: 109·88 [79·31-157·70]). We observed minimal reductions in chlorfenapyr susceptibility and variable but significant reductions in fertility after pyriproxyfen exposure, with an overall trend of increasing susceptibility across trial years. Several metabolic genes were implicated in resistance selection, including CYP6P4 in the pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLIN group, which encodes an enzyme known to metabolise pyriproxyfen in vitro, and CYP6P3 and CYP9K1 in the chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLIN group, both of which encode enzymes that are involved in pro-insecticide activation. After 24 months of use, chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLINs no longer mitigated pyrethroid resistance selection in this area of southern Benin, which has high malaria transmission dominated by highly resistant A gambiae sensu lato. This finding raises issues for current net-procurement schedules, which are based on an operational net lifespan of 3 years. Knowledge of the effects of next-generation LLINs on insecticide-resistance selection is crucial for the pragmatic design of prospective resistance-management strategies. UNITAID and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

Exercise-changed gut mycobiome as a potential contributor to metabolic benefits in diabetes prevention: an integrative multi-omics study

ABSTRACT Background The importance of gut microbes in mediating the benefits of lifestyle intervention is increasingly recognized. However, compared to the bacterial microbiome, the role of intestinal fungi in exercise remains elusive. With our established randomized controlled trial of exercise intervention in Chinese males with prediabetes (n = 39, ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03240978), we investigated the dynamics of human gut mycobiome and further interrogated their associations with exercise-elicited outcomes using multi-omics approaches. Methods Clinical variations and biological samples were collected before and after training. Fecal fungal composition was analyzed using the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequencing and integrated with paired shotgun metagenomics, untargeted metabolomics, and Olink proteomics. Results Twelve weeks of exercise training profoundly promoted fungal ecological diversity and intrakingdom connection. We further identified exercise-responsive genera with potential metabolic benefits, including Verticillium, Sarocladium, and Ceratocystis. Using multi-omics approaches, we elucidated comprehensive associations between changes in gut mycobiome and exercise-shaped metabolic phenotypes, bacterial microbiome, and circulating metabolomics and proteomics profiles. Furthermore, a machine-learning algorithm built using baseline microbial signatures and clinical characteristics predicted exercise responsiveness in improvements of insulin sensitivity, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–0.97) in the discovery cohort and of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74–0.86) in the independent validation cohort (n = 30). Conclusions Our findings suggest that intense exercise training significantly remodels the human fungal microbiome composition. Changes in gut fungal composition are associated with the metabolic benefits of exercise, indicating gut mycobiome is a possible molecular transducer of exercise. Moreover, baseline gut fungal signatures predict exercise responsiveness for diabetes prevention, highlighting that targeting the gut mycobiome emerges as a prospective strategy in tailoring personalized training for diabetes prevention.

Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Diseases.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolic product produced via the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (SPHKs), serving as a powerful modulator of various cellular processes through its interaction with S1P receptors (S1PRs). Currently, this incompletely understood mechanism in pancreatic diseases including pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, largely limits therapeutic options for these disorders. Recent evidence indicates that S1P significantly contributes to pancreatic diseases by modulating inflammation, promoting pyroptosis in pancreatic acinar cells, regulating the activation of pancreatic stellate cells, and affecting organelle functions in pancreatic cancer cells. Nevertheless, no review has encapsulated these advancements. Thus, this review compiles information about the involvement of S1P signaling in exocrine pancreatic disorders, including acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer, as well as prospective treatment strategies to target S1P signaling for these conditions. The insights presented here possess the potential to offer valuable guidance for the implementation of therapies targeting S1P signaling in various pancreatic diseases.

Prospective Intervention Strategies Between Skeletal Muscle Health and Mitochondrial Changes During Aging.

Sarcopenia is a geriatric condition characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function, significantly impacting both quality of life and overall health. Mitochondria are the main sites of energy production within the cell, and also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which maintain mitochondrial homeostasis-mitophagy (clearing damaged mitochondria); mitochondrial dynamics, which involve fusion and fission to regulate mitochondrial morphology; mitochondrial biogenesis, which ensures the functionality and homeostasis of mitochondria. Sarcopenia is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial function therapy should be investigated. Extrinsic therapies are extensively examined to identify new treatments for muscular illnesses including sarcopenia. Changes in muscle physiology and lifestyle interventions, such as pharmacological treatments and exercise, can modulate mitochondrial activity in older adults. This PubMed review encompasses the most significant mitophagy and sarcopenia research from the past five years. Animal models, cellular models, and human samples are well covered. The review will inform the development of novel mitochondria-targeted therapies aimed at combating age-related muscle atrophy.

Submerged and completely open solid–liquid triboelectric nanogenerator for water wave energy harvesting

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging wave energy harvesting technology with excellent potential. However, due to issues with sealing, anchoring, and difficult deployment over large areas, TENG still cannot achieve large‐scale wave energy capture. Here, a submerged and completely open solid–liquid TENG (SOSL‐TENG) is developed for ocean wave energy harvesting. The SOSL‐TENG is adapted to various water environments. Due to its simple structure, it is easy to deploy into various marine engineering facilities in service. Importantly, this not only solves the problem of difficult construction of TENG networks at present, but also effectively utilizes high‐quality wave energy resources. The working mechanism and output performance of the SOSL‐TENG are systematically investigated. With optimal triggering conditions, the transferred charge (Qtr) and short‐circuit current (Isc) of SOSL‐TENG are 2.58 μC and 85.9 μA, respectively. The wave tank experiment is taken for fully demonstrating the superiority of the SOSL‐TENG network in large‐scale collection and conversion of wave energy. Due to the excellent output performance, TENG can harvest wave energy to provide power for various commercial electronic devices such as LED beads, hygrothermograph, and warning lights. Importantly, the SOSL‐TENG networks realizes self‐powered for electrochemical systems, which provides a direction for energy cleanliness in industrial systems. This work provides a prospective strategy for large‐scale deployment of TENG applications, especially for harvesting wave energy in spray splash zones or at the surface of the water.image

MRNA-Based Cancer Vaccines: Advancements and Prospects.

The success of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines has reinvigorated research and interest in mRNA-based cancer vaccines. Despite promising results in clinical trials, therapeutic mRNA-based cancer vaccines have not yet been approved for human use. These vaccines are designed to trigger tumor regression, establish enduring antitumor memory, and mitigate adverse reactions. However, challenges such as tumor-induced immunosuppression and immunoresistance significantly hinder their application. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances of neoantigen discovery and delivery systems for mRNA vaccines, focusing on improving clinical efficacy. Additionally, we summarize the recent clinical advances involving mRNA cancer vaccines and discuss prospective strategies for overcoming immuneresistance.

Fabrication of CoTiO3/MgIn2S4 S–scheme heterojunctions with efficient charge separation to enhance the photocatalytic activities of hydrogen generation and formaldehyde removal

The efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers is a primary factor in the catalytic performance of photocatalysts. Constructing S-scheme heterojunctions is a prospective strategy to efficiently and spatially separate photoinduced charges while retaining strong oxidation and reduction capacities of the catalyst system. Herein, CoTiO3/MgIn2S4 (abbreviated x% CTO/MIS, where x% represents the mass ratio of CTO-to-MIS; x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) heterojunctions were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method. These heterojunctions exhibited highly efficient and reusable visible-light photocatalytic properties for hydrogen (H2) generation and formaldehyde (HCHO) degradation. Notably, the 15 % CTO/MIS demonstrated an admirable H2 evolution activity of 631.77 μmol·g−1·h−1, with AQE = 2.25 % at λ = 420 nm, and an HCHO degradation rate of 67.18 %. The intermediate products generated during HCHO removal were identified applying in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The exceptional catalytic performance of the synthesized materials was attributed to the boosted light absorption and utilization, rapidly separation, and transfer of photoproduced charge carriers, which resulted from the internal electric field of the S-scheme mechanism. Moreover, the S-scheme electron transfer pathway for the CTO/MIS catalyst system during the photocatalytic process was confirmed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, free-radical capturing tests, density functional theory calculations, in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and semiconductor energy band theory. The study offers an innovative perspective for establishing S-scheme heterojunctions with highly efficient and stable photocatalytic activity for H2 generation and HCHO removal.

APMCG-1 attenuates ischemic stroke injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis via activating PI3K/AKT pathway

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Beyond thrombolysis, strategies targeting anti-oxidative apoptosis and angiogenesis are considered prospective therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, existing natural and clinical remedies have limited efficacy in the management of IS. Moreover, despite their millennial legacy of IS remediation, natural remedies such as ginseng incur high production costs. The novel glycopeptide APMCG-1, extracted from mountain-cultivated ginseng dregs in our previous study, is a potent therapeutic candidate for IS. This study investigated APMCG-1's remedial mechanisms against IS injury using an H2O2-induced oxidative stress paradigm in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) emulating ischemic endothelial cells, in a ponatinib-induced zebrafish IS model, and in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) prototypes. Cellular assays confirmed the proficiency of APMCG-1 in preventing oxidative stress and cell death, fostering regeneration, and facilitating neovascularization within the H2O2-stressed HUVECs framework. Moreover, APMCG-1 augmented hemodynamic velocity, oxidative stress mitigation, apoptosis reduction, and motor enhancement in a zebrafish model of IS. In MCAO rats, APMCG-1 ameliorated neurological deficits and cerebral injury, as evidenced by increased neurological scores and diminished infarct dimensions. In cells and animal models, APMCG-1 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, modulating factors such as Nrf2, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, eNOS, and VEGFA, thereby ameliorating cellular oxidative distress and catalyzing angiogenesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential protective effects of APMCG-1 in IS pharmacotherapy and its prospective utility as an herbal-derived IS treatment modality.